SHOCK Flashcards
TO BODY ORGANS AND TISSUES CAUSING LIFETHREATENING CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION
INADEQUATE BLOOD FLOW (PERFUSION
HEMODYNAMIC TERMS: amount of blood pumped into the aorta from the left ventricle
STROKE VOLUME
HEMODYNAMIC TERMS: amount of blood pumped into the aorta by the ventricle in one minute
CARDIAC OUTPUT
A pulse point that control scalp bleeding
TEMPORAL
A pulse point that control head and neck bleeding
CAROTID
A pulse point that control bleeding in
axilla, shoulder, and
upper chest
SUBCLAVIAN
A pulse point that control arm bleeding
BRACHIAL
A pulse point that controls bleeding in heand and wrist
RADIAL
A pulse point that controls upper leg bleeding
FEMORAL
A pulse point in the back of knee, to control lower leg bleeding
POPLITEAL
SNS: It increases heart rate, contractility and peripheral vasoconstriction
CATECHOLAMINES
TYPES OF SHOCK: Most common
–Etiology: HEMORRHAGE, BURNS, SEVERE DEHYDRATION, THIRD SPACE LOST, USE OF DIURETICS
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
LOSS OF LARGE AMOUNT OF BLOOD INTERNALLY OR EXTERNALLY – ARTERIAL, VENOUS OR CAPILLARY
HEMORRHAGE
TYPES OF SHOCK: Pumping ability of the heart is compromised
–Etiology: MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, CARDIAC AREST, LEFT AND RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
TYPES OF SHOCK: Venous return or cardiac pumping action impeded because of obstruction
–Etiology: pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax
OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK
TYPES OF SHOCK: Widespread vasodilatation
–Decreased peripheral resistance
DISTRIBUTIVE (VASOGENIC OR CIRCULATORY) SHOCK
LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH in ICUs
–Phases : WARM (early) vs COLD phase (late)
SEPTIC SHOCK
Imbalance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous stimulation of vascular smooth muscle, resulting in sustained vasodilatation
NEUROGENIC SHOCK
Widespread hypersensitivity reaction
–Vasodilatation as a result of hypovolemia and altered cellular metabolism
–Allergic reaction leading to histamine release
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
____ increase capillary permeability and massive vasodilatation
HISTAMINES
_____ is the drug of choice given to reverse the vasodilatation
EPINEPHRINE
TYPES OF IVF in SHOCK : dextrose or electrolyte solutions)
CRYSTALLOIDS
Types of IVF in Shock: fluids stay intravascularly
increasing the ONCOTIC PRESSURE (albumin, dextran, plasma protein)
COLLOIDS
Transfusion reaction: urticaria, pruritus
HYPERSENSITIVITY
Transfusion Reaction: fever, chills, urticaria, nausea, vomiting, left flank pain, abdominal pain
HEMOLYTIC REACTION
This is the most common type of circulatory shock and is caused by widespread infection.
THE WARM PHASE
The HYPODYNAMIC or irreversible phase
COLD PHASE
