SHM & Waves Flashcards
what is mean position?
what is amplitude?
what is displacement?
what is frequency?
- the body’s position when there is no net force acting on it.
- the max. displacment from mean position on either side.
- seperation b/w mean position & position of vibrating body at any instant time on either left or right of the mean position
- no. of cycles complete by oscillating body in 1 sec. hertz Hz or cps
define oscillatory motion?
the repeated back & forth or to & fro motion of a body about a certain fixed positon called mean position.
what is restoring force? direction?
what does -ve sign indicate?
the force that brings the object back to its equilibrium position. towards mean position
the restoring force acts in the direction opposite to the displacement.
what is SHM?
displacement direction?
it only occurs when the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement.
F ∝ -x
displacement is pointed away from the mean position.
F = restoring force
x = displacement
in ball & bowl example why does the ball continue to move when reached stable point?
when & why does ball stop?
why does the speed of ball decreases?
due to inertia
all its energy is lost due to friction.
due to the restoring force which acts towards the mean position.
time period & frequency of simple pendulum?
important
formula for time period & frequency of spring-mass system?
The restoring force that causes the pendulum to undergo SHM is the ____________, _________ to the path of motion
T=2pi root m/k
component of gravitational force (mg sinθ)
tangent
in simple pendelum draw forces acting on it also what happens when the bob move from
A to O
at O
O to B
at B
B to O
- moves from A to O due to the restoring force which acts towards O.
- At O, the bob has got the maximum velocity & due to inertia, it does not stop at O rather it continues to move towards the extreme position B.
- when the bob moves from O to B, its speed decreases due to restoring force which again acts towards O.
- The velocity of the bob becomes 0 as it reaches B.
- the restoring force mgsin still acts towards mean position O due to this the bob starts moving towards O.
what is damping?
what is damped oscillations?
how will it stop?
what decreases in damping?
damping is the effect that tends to reduce the amplitude of vibrations of an oscillating body.
The oscillations of a system in the presence of some resistive force that tends to reduce amplitude of vibrations are damped oscillations.
lose energy due to resistive force
amplitude and energy
frequency will remain the same
what are waves? types?
wave is a disturbance that moves outward from its point of origin transferring energy by means of vibrations with little or no transport of medium.
2 mechanical electromagnetic
IT DOESN’T TRANSFER MATTER ONLY ENERGY
example of mechanical & electromagnetic waves?
water waves, sound waves & waves produced on the strings & springs, seismic wave
Radiowaves, television waves, X-rays, heat & light waves, UV rays
Waves which require any medium for
their propagation are called mechanical waves.
types of waves on the basis of propagation?
Transverse waves: waves in which the disturbance of the particles occur perpendicular to the direction of motion of the waves.
examples: radiowaves, light waves microwaves.
Longitudinal waves?
Longitudinal waves: waves in which the disturbance occurs parallel to the line of travel of waves along the direction of propagation of wave.
examples: sound waves ultrasoun waves seismic waves
compressions & rarefractions occur in?
wavelength?
longitudinal waves
parts of the wave having higher density & pressure compressions
parts of the wave having smaller density & pressure rarefractions
The distance between two consecutive compressions is called wavelength.
do wave cycle have a unit?
frequency of waves?
wave speed?
no
f=N/t
distance travelled by a wave per unit time
v=fλ (universal equation for all types of waves)
N= number of wave cycles
