Radioactivity

Question 1

describe atom in terms of nucleus and electrons.
relate nucleus and electrons in terms of volume they occupy in an atom?

Question 2

simplest atom?
charge number? symbol?
nucleon number? symbol?
neutron number? symbol?
n=?
half life=?
Qunatity decayed?
quantity left?

Answer 2

no. of half lives= total time passed/ half life
half life= total time passed/ no. of half lives

Question 3

relate mass of neutron to the mass of proton?
relate mass of proton to the mass of electron?

Answer 3

mass of n nearly = to mass of p
proton is 1836X heavier than an electron

Question 4

how is an atom represented?
what distinguishes one element from the other?
isotopes? example?

Answer 4

number of protons

Question 5

natural radioactivity?
radioactive elements?
types of radiations emitted to attain stability?

Question 6

alpha particles? when is it emitted? where does it occur?

Question 7

what are beta particles? when is it emitted? symbol?

Question 8

what are gamma emissions? when does it occur? symbol?

Question 9

fill the table 18.1 pg 188?

Question 10

what is ionization? ionizing power? relative ionization ability?

Question 11

penetration power? which emission can easily penetrate the body tissue? beta radiations are absorbed by?
what makes the material more dangerous in terms of penetration power?
what can cause low penetration power?

Question 12

how many nuclide? how many stable and other radioactive?
what is nuclear transmutation? aka?
types of radiations?

Question 13

what happen in alpha decay? what happens to A & Z? give the reaction? with example?

Question 14

what happen in beta decay? what happens to A & Z? give the reaction? with example? nuclear equation?

Question 15

what happen in gamma decay? what happens to A & Z? give the reaction? with example?

Question 16

SI unit of radioactivity? what is it? any other unit?
1 SI unit=?
1 Ci = ? si unit

Question 17

what is half life? depends on?
mathematical equation? label? number of half lives equation?

Question 18

what are radioisotopes? why do they have short life span ? example? carbon has how many isotopes as a whole? half life?

Question 19

how are tracers used in medicine, industry and agriculture? with example?

Answer 19

tracers (radioisotopes)

Question 20

how are radioisotopes used in medical treament? example?
which element has the most number of stable isotopes?

Answer 20

Tin 10

Question 21

how are radioisotopes used in carbon dating?

Question 22

how are radioisotopes used in food preservation? the energy coming from sun is the result of?

Answer 22

pg 199

Question 23

how are radioisotopes used in streilizing? which reaction produces more energy? fission or fusion?

Answer 23

nuclear fusion

Question 24

nuclear fission? state nuclear reaction. name? how much energy is released in a single fission event? and also neutrons?

Question 25

in nuclear reactors, how is the energy released? what if we have fission in uncontrolled way?

Question 26

what are background radiations? what is cosmic radiation?

Question 27

hazards of radiation? safety measures?

Question 28

what is nuclear fusion? where does energy come from?

Question 29

proton proton cycle? energy it releases?