SHM Flashcards
Oscillate
? Vary in magnitude and position in a regular manner about a central point
When does an object experience Simple Harmonic Motion
? when its acceleration is directly proportional
to displacement and is in the opposite direction.
Equation for SHM
F = -kx
F = restoring force k = restoring constant x = displacement from the mid point
Frequency
Number of full cycles that occur each second
Full Cycle
Is the motion from maximum positive displace, to maximum negative displacement and then back to the maximum positive displacement again
Equation for angular frequancy
a = =w^2x
x =A cos(wt)
v = +_ w (A2-x2)^0.5
Spring Oscillator
? A mass on a spring which oscillates with SHM
Equation for time period for a spring oscillator
T = 2π√m/k
Period is not affected by gravitational field strength
Pendulum oscillators
? a mass on a string which oscillates with SHM
Equation for time period of a pendulum oscillator
T =2π √l/g
Not affected by the object’s mass
Describe energy transfer of a SHM Oscillation
Max (+) - Max PE
PE –> KE
Equilibrium - KE max, PE min
Max (-) PE Max
Equation for total energy in the system
1/2mw^2A^2
Natural vibration/ Free vibrations
? the frequency it would vibrate at, if there weren’t any added external force.
Forced/driven vibration
? Happens at the frequency of an applied periodic force (on and off)
Damping
? A reduction in amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy being drained from the system to overcome frictional or other resistive forces.
eg: friction, air resistance
