shit Flashcards
reflux
the continual boiling and condesing of a rreaction mixture back to its original container to ensure the reaction takes pace without the mixture boiling dry
nuclophile
A species capable of donating a pair of electrons
electrophile
A species capable of accepting a pair of electrons
homologous series
A family of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
structural isomer
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
homolytic bond fission
The breaking of a COVALENT bond in which one of the bonded electrons goes to each atom, forming 2 radicals
Why doesn’t the reaction of electrophilic substitution occur in the presence of visible light?
Visible light does not provide enough energy to homolytically break the halogen bond
Why are C=C more reactive than C-C?
- The π bond formed is weaker
- The π bond attracts electrophiles
stereoisomer
Molecules that have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
hydrolysis
A chemical reaction involving water or an aqueous solution of a hydroxide that causes the breaking of a bond in a molecule
conditions of free radical substitution
uv and halogen
conditions of alkene to alkane
steam, ni catalyst
conditions of nucleophilic substitution
naoh solution and heat under refluix
conditions of alcohol to aldehydew
gentle heating, distill asap, acidifed potassium dichromate
conditions of alcohol to ketone
heat under reflux
acidifed potassium dichromate
