Ship Handling for the Mariner

Question 1

In day-to-day work, the most useful unit of measurement for estimating turning circles and other distances is the ship’s own length?

Answer 1

MacElrevey 10 The correct answer is: True

Question 2

In shallow water a ship’s turning circle is? 1. Larger 2. Smaller 3. The same

Answer 2

MacElrevey 10 & 17-18 The correct answer is: Number 1 Larger

Question 3

An average-size ship’s turning circle is usually slightly when the ship turns to the right than to the left 1. Larger 2. Smaller 3. The same

Answer 3

MacElrevey 10-11 The correct answer is: Number 1 Larger

Question 4

A VLCC’s turning circle to the right is usually her turning circle to the left. 1. Larger than 2. Smaller than 3. Nearly the same as

Answer 4

MacElrevey 11 The correct answer is: Number 3 Nearly the same as

Question 5

When revolutions are increased during a turn, the tactical diameter becomes (or stays)? 1. Larger 2. Smaller 3. The same

Answer 5

MacElrevey 11 The correct answer is: Number 2 Smaller

Question 6

For a given rudder angle and engine speed, the rate of turn as the depth of water increases 1. increases 2. decreases 3. does not change

Answer 6

MacElrevey 10 & 18 The correct answer is: Number 3 does not change

Question 7

A ship can be backed and filled in the smallest area when turned to the left?

Answer 7

MacElrevey 11-13 The correct answer is: False

Question 8

You are aboard an average-sized, loaded, house-aft tanker proceeding through an open roadstead. The wind is blowing hard enough to overcome the normal twisting effect when your ship’s engine goes astern. When you back your ship you would expect her to? 1. Head into the wind when she has headway and back into the wind when she has sternway. 2. Head away from the wind while she has headway and back away from the wind when she has sternway.

Answer 8

MacElrevey 14 The correct answer is: Number 1 Head into the wind when she has headway and back into the wind when she has sternway.

Question 9

Assuming there are no extraordinary wind, current, or bank effects, a ship should be swinging moderately to before her engine is put astern. 1. Port 2. Starboard

Answer 9

MacElrevey 14-15 The correct answer is: Number one Port

Question 10

A bow thruster is sometimes preferable to tugs because? 1. It is located at the extreme end of the vessel 2. It is always available 3. It is equally effective at slow and fast speeds

Answer 10

MacElrevey 15-16 The correct answer is: Number 1 It is located at the extreme end of the vessel and Number 2 It is always available

Question 11

Using a bow thruster has its disavantages: 1. It usually provides less power than a tug 2. It has no effect on headway to slow or hold a ship 3. It can only be used at very light drafts

Answer 11

MacElrevey 15-16 The correct answer is: Number 1 It usually provides less power than a tug and Number 2 It has no effect on headway to slow or hold a ship

Question 12

A bow thruster is usually quite effective at speeds up to 5 knots.

Answer 12

MacElrevey 15-16 The correct answer is: False

Question 13

When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the tactical diameter. 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change

Answer 13

MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 increases

Question 14

When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; twisting effect when backed 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change

Answer 14

MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 increases

Question 15

When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the rate of turn 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change

Answer 15

MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 3 no significant change

Question 16

When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; speed loss during a large course change 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change

Answer 16

MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreases

Question 17

When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the speed loss when the engine is stopped 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change

Answer 17

MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreases

Question 18

When a ship moves from deep to shallow water; the directional stability. 1. increases 2. decreases 3. no significant change

Answer 18

MacElrevey 17-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 increases

Question 19

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased length 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 19

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 more positive (or less negative)

Question 20

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased beam. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 20

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)

Question 21

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased drag. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 21

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 more positive (or less negative)

Question 22

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Decreased UKC. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 22

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 1 more positive (or less negative)

Question 23

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased Cb. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 23

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)

Question 24

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: More full sections forward. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 24

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)

Question 25

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased Rudder Angle. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 25

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 3 no significant change

Question 26

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Ship Trimmed by the Head. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 26

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)

Question 27

How would you expect the following to affect directional stability: Increased Squat by the Head. 1. more positive (or less negative) 2. less positive (or more negative) 3. no significant change

Answer 27

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 less positive (or more negative)

Question 28

Ships with large block coefficients are more likely to trim by the head in shallow water.

Answer 28

MacElrevey 19 The correct answer is: True

Question 29

Which of the following statements is/are true for ships with negative directional stability. 1. A larger rudder angle is needed for a longer period of time to start a turn 2. A larger rudder angle is needed for a longer period of time to steady up after a turn 3. The ship’s rate of turn increases when the rudder is put amidships during a turn

Answer 29

MacElrevey 18-20 The correct answer is: Number 2 A larger rudder angle is needed for a longer period of time to steady up after a turn and Number 3 The ship’s rate of turn increases when the rudder is put amidships during a turn

Question 30

The only effective way to slow a ship is to stop the engine and, if necessary, go astern?

Answer 30

MacElrevey 24-26 The correct answer is: False

Question 31

A VLCC makes a hard-over turn. You would expect her to lose nearly percent of her headway when her heading changes by 90 degrees.

1. 10
2. 20
3. 25
4. 50

Answer 31

MacElrevey 25 The correct answer is: Number 3 25

Question 32

A ship is on your port bow in a crossing situation and her bearing is steady. You reach the point where you doubt collision can be avoided by her actions alone. Usually, it would be better to…

1. Back down
2. Make a round turn

Answer 32

MacElrevey 25-26 The correct answer is: Number 2 Make a round turn

Question 33

A combination pilot ladder/accommodation ladder is required when the distance from the water to the top of the ladder exceeds feet.

1. 10
2. 20
3. 30
4. 50

Answer 33

MacElrevey 29 The correct answer is: Number 3 30

Question 34

Modern containership has more sail area than a full rigged sailing ship.

Answer 34

MacElrevey 34 The correct answer is: True

Question 35

The ship’s call letters should be transmitted frequently when communicating by VHF and, in any case, at intervals of 1. before and after every transmission during a series of transmissions with another ship 2. at ten minute intervals 3. before the first transmission and after the last transmission of a VHF converstaion regardless of length

Answer 35

MacElrevey 36-37 The correct answer is: Number 2 at ten minute intervals and Number 3 before the first transmission and after the last transmission of a VHF converstaion regardless of length

Question 36

Mariners have several means for communicating ship’s actions and intentions including. 1. Verbal communications such as VHF radio 2. Graphic communications such as CTANS and interactive DGPS 3. Radar and ARPA 4. Whistle Signals

Answer 36

MacElrevey 36-39 The correct answer is: Number 1 Verbal communications such as VHF radio and Number 4 Whistle Signals

Question 37

To break a sheer in narrow channels a pilot should? 1. Reduce engine RPM 2. Increase engine RPM 3. Turn away from the bank and increase distance 4. Increase rudder towards the bank

Answer 37

MacElrevey 47 The correct answer is: Number 2 Increase engine RPM and Number 4 Increase rudder towards the bank

Question 38

Your vessel is steaming parallel to a shoal or bank. Her bow moves away from the shoal or bank.

Answer 38

MacElrevey 47-48 The correct answer is: True

Question 39

Your vessel is steaming parallel to a shoal or bank. Her stern moves towards the bank or shoal?

Answer 39

MacElrevey 47-48 The correct answer is: True

Question 40

Your vessel is steaming parallel to a shoal or bank. Her midbody moves laterally away from the bank.

Answer 40

MacElrevey 47-48 The correct answer is: False

Question 41

Competent shiphandlers don’t just react to the ship’s behavior and decide on a course of action after a situation develops; they think ahead, anticipate situations, and plan alternative maneuvers.

Answer 41

MacElrevey 49 The correct answer is: True

Question 42

Ships with variable pitch propellers steer best if speed is reduced quickly.

Answer 42

MacElrevey 52 The correct answer is: False

Question 43

Advantages of omnidirectional propulsion systems over conventional systems include 1. Greater safety 2. increased maneuverability 3. reduced reliance on traditional shiphandling skills

Answer 43

MacElrevey 53 The correct answer is: Number 1 Greater safety and Number 2 increased maneuverability

Question 44

Ship handlers should reevaluate any maneuver requiring the repeated use of half or full power.

Answer 44

MacElrevey 55 The correct answer is: True

Question 45

When steering using azipods in the At Sea mode the pod is turned to port to turn the ship to starboard.

Answer 45

MacElrevey 61 The correct answer is: True

Question 46

Using azipods, when is the at sea mode is used? What is their orientation?

Answer 46

MacElrevey 61-63 In open waters. Units parallel to the centerline of the vessel.

Question 47

Using azipods, when is the Harbor mode is used? What is their orientation?

Answer 47

MacElrevey 61-63 In narrow channels. The units set at a 45 degree angle away from the centerline.

Question 48

Using azipods, when is the Docking mode is used? What is their orientation?

Answer 48

MacElrevey 61-63 Used in approaching berths. The inboard unit is parallel to the dock, the outboard unit athwartships.

Question 49

When operating in the Harbor Mode the pods are placed at 45 degrees in opposition to each other. The vessel is turned to port by moving the control ahead and pulling back on the control.

Answer 49

MacElrevey 62 Starboard, Port

Question 50

When in Docking Mode and going port side to the berth, the pod is placed parallel to the centerline, and the pod is placed in the 3 o’clock position with the propeller .

Answer 50

MacElrevey 62-63 Port, Starboard, Outboard

Question 51

When researching various methods for standardizing azipod commands, some pilot groups found it worked well to use… 1. Standard steering and engine commands in the At Sea mode 2. standard steering and engine commands in the Harbor and Docking modes 3. clock positions and percentage of power for all modes 4. clock positions and percentage of power for Harbor and Docking modes

Answer 51

MacElrevey 63-64 The correct answer is: Number 1 Standard steering and engine commands in the At Sea mode and Number 4 clock positions and percentage of power for Harbor and Docking modes

Question 52

When operating under computer control, the shiphandler is controlling? 1. revolutions per minute of the pod and thruster and direction of the thruster and pod forces 2. resultant power, speed, and vessel movement

Answer 52

MacElrevey 65 The correct answer is: Number 2 resultant power, speed, and vessel movement

Question 53

Experienced mariners limit the use of computer control when maneuvering near docks and fixed objects. A good rule of thumb is to change from automatic to manual control when within of a hazard 1. three ship lengths 2. 100 feet 3. one ship length

Answer 53

MacElrevey 66 The correct answer is: Number 3 one ship length

Question 54

Standardized commands for maneuvering azipod vessels are important because. 1. Lack of standard commands makes it impossible to follow recommended BRM practices. 2. Lack of standard commands makes it necessary to have a single person both conning and controlling engine and thruster movements 3. Pilots and deck officers lose situational awareness when standard commands and conning practices are not used 4. The pilot cannot fulfill requirements under law to control the vessel or provide sufficient controls to be held responsible for maneuvering in many situations without standardized commands

Answer 54

MacElrevey 67-70 The correct answer is: All Of The Above

Question 55

The tactical diameter is when the object moves ahead relative to the shipboard reference point. 1. increasing 2. decreasing

Answer 55

MacElrevey 75-77 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreasing

Question 56

The rate of turn is if the object moves ahead more rapidly. 1. increasing 2. decreasing

Answer 56

MacElrevey 56 The correct answer is: Number 2 decreasing

Question 57

It is best to overtake and pass close by another ship in a narrow channel at very slow speed, while the overtaken ship should increase her speed before being passed.

Answer 57

MacElrevey 80 The correct answer is: False

Question 58

The clicking sound made by the gyro compass should be eliminated as it distracts the pilot.

Answer 58

MacElrevey 81 The correct answer is: False

Question 59

A rate-of-turn indicator usually indicates turning rate in per second or per minute. 1. meters/feet 2. tenths of a degree/degrees 3. degrees/degrees 4. feet/feet

Answer 59

MacElrevey 83 The correct answer is: Number 2 tenths of a degree/degrees

Question 60

The change in mean draft is know as? 1. Sinkage 2. Squat 3. Trim

Answer 60

MacElrevey 85 The correct answer is: Number 1 Sinkage

Question 61

Hull rotation about the transverse axis and resulting change in draft forward or aft is known as? 1. Sinkage 2. Squat 3. Trim

Answer 61

MacElrevey 83 The correct answer is: Number 3 Trim

Question 62

The increase in deep draft forward or aft is called? 1. Sinkage 2. Squat 3. Trim

Answer 62

MacElrevey 83 The correct answer is: Number 2 Squat

Question 63

The increasing pressure drop under a hull and the corresponding increase in squat caused by water flowing under the hull at increased velocity as the ship’s speed increases is due to what principle?

Answer 63

MacElrevey 85 Bernoulli’s

Question 64

Ships always trim by the stern in shallow water.

Answer 64

MacElrevey 90-91 The correct answer is: False

Question 65

The pilot or ship’s officer can reduce sinkage and squat by reducing the…. 1. block coefficient 2. speed 3. blockage factor 4. the rate and period of acceleration

Answer 65

MacElrevey 96-97 The correct answer is: Number 2 speed and Number 4 the rate and period of acceleration

Question 66

Squat for a given speed and hull condition in confined water is that in open water. 1. half 2. twice

Answer 66

MacElrevey 87-88 The correct answer is: Number 2 twice

Question 67

What is the standard formula for Squat

Answer 67

MacElrevey 87-88 S = Cb x V2 / 30 Where: S = Speed Cb = Block Coefficient V2 = Knots

Question 68

UKC is influenced by several factors including. 1. Vessel Speed 2. Channel Dimensions 3. Changes in Engine Revolutions 4. Vessel Interaction

Answer 68

MacElrevey 95 The correct answer is: All Of The Above

Question 69

How much is UKC is reduced when two ships pass in a narrow channel because squat increasing dependant on ship speed and distance of separation?

Answer 69

MacElrevey 95-98 50 - 100 or more%

Question 70

UKC is reduced significantly as a ship accelerates and squat increases as much as %.

Answer 70

MacElrevey 95-97 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 100 2. one hundred

Question 71

On wide beam ships rolling may have more effect on UKC than squat.

Answer 71

MacElrevey 95 The correct answer is: True

Question 72

Changes in the shape of the channel have no effect on squat so long as the blockage factor does not change.

Answer 72

MacElrevey 95-98 The correct answer is: False

Question 73

A tug being used for ship work can only be used to move a ship’s bow or stern laterally?

Answer 73

MacElrevey 106 The correct answer is: False

Question 74

You are docking a ship using two tugs. You have the quarter tug stand off until just before the ship enters the slip. Give two reasons for this.

Answer 74

MacElrevey 108 1. The after tug acts as drag, reducing the effectiveness of the rudder, especially at slow speeds when the shiphandler is trying to move the stern laterally without any increase in speed. 2. The stern tug tends to set the stern away from the side on which she is made fast. This effect increases the angle at which the tug lies to the ship increases, since the tug is acting as a rudder of the dimentions of the tug’s underwater profile.

Question 75

What is the signal for increase to full power?

Answer 75

MacElrevey 105 Series of short, rapid blasts.

Question 76

What is the signal for tug dismissed. Let go?

Answer 76

MacElrevey 105 On long, two short.

Question 77

What is the signal for if working, stop?

Answer 77

MacElrevey 105 One blast.

Question 78

What is the signal for if pushing, increase power.

Answer 78

MacElrevey 105 Series of short, rapid blasts.

Question 79

What is the signal for come ahead, dead slow.

Answer 79

MacElrevey 105 One long blast.

Question 80

What is the signal for back the tug, normal power?

Answer 80

MacElrevey 105 Two blasts

Question 81

What is the signal for if stopped, come ahead?

Answer 81

MacElrevey 105 One blast.

Question 82

What is the signal for if backing, increase power.

Answer 82

MacElrevey 105 Series of short, rapid blasts.

Question 83

A bow thruster if used correctly has the same effects on a ship as a tug made fast on the bow?

Answer 83

MacElrevey 106 The correct answer is: False

Question 84

A tug’s lines don’t have to be heaved up tight, when lashed up alongside, if she has good leads for both spring and head lines.

Answer 84

MacElrevey 111-112 The correct answer is: False

Question 85

It is important that the pilot keep moving about the wheelhuose so as to always have a good view of every part of the ship while docking or doing other work.

Answer 85

MacElrevey 115-116 The correct answer is: False

Question 86

There are several techniques a shiphandler can use to hold a ship in position in a channel or other confined area including… I. steam on the anchor at slow engine speeds II. anchor on a short scope of chain with the current from ahead III. simply back and fill in the channel 1. I only 2. II only 3. III only 4. all of the above

Answer 86

MacElrevey 118 The correct answer is: Number 4 all of the above

Question 87

Generally, the less expereinced shiphandlers have, the _____ they work. 1. faster 2. slower

Answer 87

MacElrevey 118 The correct answer is: Number 1 faster

Question 88

Quickwater moves ahead at about the same speed as the ship when making about ____ knots. 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3

Answer 88

MacElrevey 119-120 The correct answer is: Number 1 1

Question 89

Quickwater begins to move forward, up the ship’s side when the ship is making a speed of approximately _____ knots, and the quickwater reaches the ship’s midsection when the ship is moving at a speed of ____ knots. 1. 1/0 2. 2/1 3. 3/2

Answer 89

MacElrevey 119-120 The correct answer is: Number 1 1/0

Question 90

An experinced shiphandler always looks at objects ahead of the ship when estimating speed during an maneuver because it is difficult to detect movement by looking abeam or abaft the beam.

Answer 90

MacElrevey 120-121 The correct answer is: False

Question 91

Why is it better to approach the berth with less angle when docking a ship with a right hand propeller starboard side to the dock?

Answer 91

MacElrevey 122 Becasue the quickwater moving up from the stern when backing down acts as a cushion, or wedge effect.

Question 92

Ships docking at a wharf in a strong current can expect to be set off the berth just as they come alongside becasue of the ____ and the ____, especially when ther is a bank or solid face below the wharf. 1. hydraulic cushsion / Bernoulli effect 2. Bernoulli effect / eddy current 3. hydraulic cushion / eddy current

Answer 92

MacElrevey 126-127 The correct answer is: Number 3 hydraulic cushion / eddy current

Question 93

It is best to think of a ship as being docked stern first when she is docking with the current from astern. The dockings is done as if the ship were moving _____ relative to the _____. 1. ahead/water 2. ahead/bottom 3. astern/water 4. astern/bottom

Answer 93

MacElrevey 126-127 The correct answer is: Number 3 astern/water

Question 94

When docking at a wharf with the current from astern, the _____ is used to move her laterally the last few feet from the berth. 1. current 2. engine

Answer 94

MacElrevey 111 The correct answer is: Number 1 current

Question 95

Your ship is docking port side to a wharf parallel to the channel. There is a strong ebb current as you come alongside, and the tugs are made fast at the bow and stern. I. the tugs should come full ahead at a 90-degree angle to the ship to pin the ship tight alongside and prevent movement while the ship’s lines are run. II. the tugs should work at an angle towards the ship, into the current, to hold the ship both alongside and into the current III. the tugs should come ahead parallel to the ship’s side, against the current, to hold the ship in position while lines are run to keep the ship alongside. 1. I only 2. II only 3. III only 4. either I or III

Answer 95

MacElrevey 127 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only

Question 96

A competent shiphandler plans a job so that wind and current can be used as aids to maneuvering rather than foreces to be overcome.

Answer 96

MacElrevey 129 The correct answer is: True

Question 97

A 1 knot current exerts the same force on a given surface as ____ knot(s) of wind. 1. 1 2. 10 3. 20 4. 30

Answer 97

MacElrevey 130 The correct answer is: Number 4 30

Question 98

A ship moving at 2 knots moves approximately _____ in one minute. 1. 50 feet 2. 100 feet 3. 200 feet 4. 200 yards

Answer 98

MacElrevey 132 The correct answer is: Number 3 200 feet

Question 99

Lateral motion can be caused by… I. wind and current II. turning the ship III. extended use of tugs 1. I an II 2. I and III 3. all of the above 4. ships do not move laterally

Answer 99

MacElrevey 132-133 The correct answer is: Number 3 all of the above

Question 100

You are docking a ship with a right-hand propeller and she is about to come alongside and be stopped, in position, at the berth. The ship should be set up for backing to allow for, and use to advantage, the normal twisting effect as the ship goes astern. This is most commonly done… I. when docking starboard side to, by kicking the engine ahead with hard port rudder before going astern. II. when docking port side to, by kicking the engine ahead with hard starboard rudder before going astern. III. when docking port side to, by going astern to take off headway and bring the ship alongside. 1. both I and II 2. both I and III 3. III only 4. none of the above

Answer 100

MacElrevey 133-134 The correct answer is: Number 2 both I and III

Question 101

It’s important to always put the rudder amidships before the engine starts turning astern.

Answer 101

MacElrevey 134 The correct answer is: False

Question 102

Quickwater can have a significant effect, forcing a ship away from the berth when docking starboard side to.

Answer 102

MacElrevey 134-135 The correct answer is: True

Question 103

Ships must usually be forced into a berth and maneuvered using full revolutions ahead and astern, becuase shiphandling is not a subtle art.

Answer 103

MacElrevey 136 The correct answer is: False

Question 104

Which of the following statements about landing a ship alongside a berth is/are true? I. a ship should be parallel to the pier when she lands alongside so all frames along the parallel midbody can absorb equally the force of landing. II. a ship should be at an angle to the pier when she lands alongside the wharf or pier to minimize the effects of quickwater as she stops. 1. I only 2. II only 3. both I and II 4. neither I or II

Answer 104

MacElrevey 136-137 The correct answer is: Number 1 I only

Question 105

Docking is, by its very nature, a simple maneuver that requires less planning than a docking?

Answer 105

MacElrevey 139-140 The correct answer is: False

Question 106

In a ballasted condition, it’s usually better to have too much drag than not enough, if such trim is necessary to get the propeller and rudder well submerged.

Answer 106

MacElrevey 140-141 The correct answer is: True

Question 107

It is best to approach a potential hazard such as a pier or shoal stern first because you can always put the engine ahead to reduce sternway.

Answer 107

MacElrevey 150 The correct answer is: False

Question 108

You are about to undock a ship berthed port side to at a wharf. Ships are berthed close ahead and astern, so the ship must be moved laterally to starboard, away from the berth, to clear those ships. Only one tug is available. Describe one way to accomplish this. The tug _____ at a 45-degree angle towards the stern, while the ship’s engine turn’s ahead and her rudder is put hard to _____. 1. comes ahead/starboard 2. backs/starboard 3. comes ahead/port 4. backs/port

Answer 108

MacElrevey 142-144 The correct answer is: Number 4 backs/port

Question 109

You are about to undock a ship berthed port side to at a wharf. Ships are berthed close ahead and astern, so the ship must be moved laterally to starboard, away from the berth, to clear those ships. Only one tug is available. Describe one way to accomplish this. The tug could be made fast _____ with at least one backing line from the tug’s bow. 1. forward 2. aft

Answer 109

MacElrevey 142-144 The correct answer is: Number 1 forward

Question 110

Your ship is docked starboard side to her berth. A tug is made fast on the port bow and the last line has been let go. The ship has a right-hand turning propeller. There is no ship berthed astern. The ship’s engine is put astern. The stern will move ____ the berth unless there is a strong current or wind countering the propeller’s effect. 1. toward 2. away from

Answer 110

MacElrevey 144-146 The correct answer is: Number 2 away from

Question 111

Your ship is docked starboard side to her berth. A tug is made fast on the port bow and the last line has been let go. The ship has a right-hand turning propeller. There is no ship berthed astern. The ship’s engine is put astern. the bow moves ______ the berth as the ship’s speed increases. 1. toward 2. away from

Answer 111

MacElrevey 144-146 The correct answer is: Number 1 toward

Question 112

Your ship is docked starboard side to her berth. A tug is made fast on the port bow and the last line has been let go. The ship has a right-hand turning propeller. There is no ship berthed astern. The ship’s engine is put astern. The tug will ____ to steady the ship as she moves astern out of the berth. 1. back 2. come ahead

Answer 112

MacElrevey 144-146 The correct answer is: Number 1 back

Question 113

Your ship is berthed port side to her berth. One tug is available and is made up on the starboard bow. There is no ship berthed astern, but you will need to back approximately 300 feet to get clear of the ship. Descibe one way to do this job. A. The tug comes _____. (ahead / astern) B. This moves the ship’s _____ towards ths berth. (bow / stern) C. The tug continues _____ until the ship is at a significant angle to the peir. (pushing / pulling) D. This is necessary becasue the stern will move _____ the pier when the engine goes astern and the ship backs from the berth. (toward / away from)

Answer 113

MacElrevey 145 A. Ahead B. Bow C. Pushing D. Toward

Question 114

A ship’s bow can be moved or canted towards a pier before undocking by… I. Pushing with a tug II. Letting go the forward spring, then heaving on the headline III. Coming ahead dead slow against the sping line with rudder hard over towards the dock. 1. I only 2. I and II 3. I and III 4. all of the above

Answer 114

MacElrevey 145 The correct answer is: Number 4 all of the above

Question 115

Face ____ when moving a ship stern first. 1. ahead 2. astern

Answer 115

MacElrevey 152 The correct answer is: Number 2 astern

Question 116

When turning in a tidal basin, it’s usually best to… I. Turn the ship with some headway to complete the maneuver in the least time and to minimize the effects of currents. II. Turn the ship in the up current side of the basin to avoid being set out of the basin before completing the maneuver. III. Have as much headway off the ship as possible before starting the turn in a basin. 1. I only 2. I and II 3. II and III 4. none of the above

Answer 116

MacElrevey 152-153 The correct answer is: Number 3 II and III

Question 117

Ships fitted with variable-pitch propellers respond in a ____ manner than ships fitted with conventional propellers when the engine goes astern. 1. more predictable 2. less predictable

Answer 117

MacElrevey 150-151 The correct answer is: Number 2 less predictable

Question 118

Variable pitch propellers should be fitted with _____ propellers. 1. right-hand 2. left-hand

Answer 118

MacElrevey 151 The correct answer is: Number 2 left-hand

Question 119

Always dismiss the forward tug as soon as possible to reduce tug charges.

Answer 119

MacElrevey 155 The correct answer is: False

Question 120

The pilot’s duties include clarifying the intentions of other ships and making safe meeting arragements with those ships, and the master should not release the pilot at departure until this is done.

Answer 120

MacElrevey 157 The correct answer is: True

Question 121

Safe speed at departure is to a large extent determined by… I. The shiphandler’s experince and confidence in his shiphandling ability. II. The depth of water, the speed of departing traffic, and the weather conditions. 1. I only 2. II only 3. all of the above 4. none of the above

Answer 121

MacElrevey 157 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only

Question 122

By increasing speed and moving faster than other departing traffic, the shiphandler significantly reduces the potential for collision.

Answer 122

MacElrevey 158-159 The correct answer is: False

Question 123

Modern bridge equipment has made it possible for the ship’s master to con a ship to sea with little or no assistance from the other ship’s officer.

Answer 123

MacElrevey 159-160 The correct answer is: False

Question 124

Passage planning that stresses a pocket course card, formal pilot/master exchange of information, and charts with preplanned courses, turning bearings, distances, operating notes, and other navigation information noted in ink is preferable to pages of written instructions.

Answer 124

MacElrevey 161-162 The correct answer is: True

Question 125

A competent shiphandler can anchor safely in any anchorage and never has to lay off for conditions to improve.

Answer 125

MacElrevey 165 The correct answer is: False

Question 126

Anchoring is one continuous evolution and considering it in parts makes it unnecessarily complicated.

Answer 126

MacElrevey 166-167 The correct answer is: False

Question 127

Allowance should be made one degree at a time for set and leeway when maneuvering at slow speeds in an anchorage.

Answer 127

MacElrevey 168 The correct answer is: False

Question 128

A ship moving at 3 knots moves at about ____ feet ahead in one minute. 1. 50 2. 100 3. 200 4. 300

Answer 128

MacElrevey 169 The correct answer is: Number 4 300

Question 129

1. A ship 600 feet long, moving at 3 knots, would require about ____ minutes for her entire hull, bow to stern, to pass a fixed point. 2. And a one knot current on the beam sets a 600 foot ship about ____ feet in that amount of time. 1. one 2. two 3. three 4. four

Answer 129

MacElrevey 169 About 100 feet The correct answer is: Number 2 two

Question 130

A ship can turn and maneuver to depart from a crowed anchorage by heaving short and maneuvering on her anchor.

Answer 130

MacElrevey 171 The correct answer is: True

Question 131

Ship’s lie at anchor on their final heading. I. lying to the strong force, wind or current, affecting the ship. II. lying to the resultant of all forces acting on the ship. III. lying into the current 1. I only 2. II only 3. both I and II 4. all of the above 5. none of the above

Answer 131

MacElrevey 173-174 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only

Question 132

List three reasons it is important to have a ship on her final heading before letting go.

Answer 132

MacElrevey 174 1. The chain will lead clear of the hull as it is slacked out. 2. Wear and strain on the chain, stem, windlass, and the mate’s paint budget. 3. The chain is laid out along teh bottom neatly and quickly 4. The chip can be positioned among other ships and obstructions with our concern about swinging clear after the anchor fetches up since your vessel is already on the same heading as those ships.

Question 133

The major difference between the apparent motion of closer ships or objects and farther objects or the shoreline can be used to accurately detect lateral motion and motion ahead and astern.

Answer 133

MacElrevey 176-177 The correct answer is: True

Question 134

Go astern to estimate ship’s speed through the water ____ the final anchoring location, when anchoring ____. 1. when at/at night 2. before reaching/at night 3. when at/at all times 4. before reaching/at all times

Answer 134

MacElrevey 179 The correct answer is: Number 4 before reaching/at all times

Question 135

Always place the anchor halfway between ships anchored ahead and astern so your ship will lie at an equal distance from all ships when your anchor fetches up.

Answer 135

MacElrevey 180 The correct answer is: False

Question 136

Ships at anchor always appear ______ your ship than they are actually lying. 1. closer to 2. farther from

Answer 136

MacElrevey 183 The correct answer is: Number 1 closer to

Question 137

There is a significant risk of damaging a ship’s rudder and propeller with a stern anchor. Make sure the ship is ____ before letting go a stern anchor and that sternway is ____ when heaving the stern anchor. 1. moving astern/increased 2. stopped/minimized 3. moving astern/minimized 4. stopped/increased

Answer 137

MacElrevey 189 The correct answer is: Number 2 stopped/minimized

Question 138

It’s important to use the proper amount of chain when handling a ship with her anchor. Used correctly, the anchor will drag along with conciderable resistance, but it won’t dig in and hold.

Answer 138

MacElrevey 194 The correct answer is: True

Question 139

It is unusual for anchors to be used in day-to-day shiphandling because anchors are ineffective with today’s larger ships.

Answer 139

MacElrevey 191 The correct answer is: False

Question 140

An anchor is only used for shiphandling in emergencies when maneuvering today’s larger ships.

Answer 140

MacElrevey 191 The correct answer is: False

Question 141

A ship sheers immediately and violently to the side on which an anchor is dropped.

Answer 141

MacElrevey 191 The correct answer is: False

Question 142

The offshore anchor is recommended when docking a ship because… I. There is more chance of the anchor digging in and holding. II. There is less chance of damaging the hull and chain. III. The offshore anchor may be used later to heave off the berth and undock with minimum damage to hull and chain. 1. I only 2. II only 3. both II and III 4. all of the above 5. none of the above

Answer 142

MacElrevey 192-193 The correct answer is: Number 3 both II and III

Question 143

Static friction (when the wildcat is not turning) between the asbestos brake band and the windlass’s brake drum is approximately ____ times as great as dynamic friction 1. two 2. three 3. five 4. ten

Answer 143

MacElrevey 194 The correct answer is: Number 2 three

Question 144

When docking using an anchor, using the correct amount of anchor chain…. I. the bow is steadied. II. the ship losses headway when the engine is stopped. III. the ship responds to her rudder without gaining headway at low RPMs. IV. the ship can be moved ahead by further increasing revolutions. 1. I only 2. II and III only 3. all of the above 4. none of the above

Answer 144

MacElrevey 195 The correct answer is: Number 3 all of the above

Question 145

A ship can be turned in a considerably smaller area using an anchor.

Answer 145

MacElrevey 198 The correct answer is: True

Question 146

In an emergency, let go one anchor with enough chain to be certain the anchor will dig in and hold, and not drag, as the ship moves ahead.

Answer 146

MacElrevey 194 The correct answer is: False

Question 147

Currents at the enterance to locks can be caused by… I. spilling of water from the chamber. II. difference between the density of the water in the chamber and the water outside the chamber. 1. I only 2. II only 3. both I and II 4. neither I or II

Answer 147

MacElrevey 205-206 The correct answer is: Number 3 both I and II

Question 148

The best heading for approaching a single-point mooring is indicated by the heading of anchored ships and the reciprocal of the direction which the floating hoses trail from the buoy.

Answer 148

MacElrevey 212 The correct answer is: False

Question 149

The wind has little effect on VLCCs, so these ships approach single-point moorings directly into the current.

Answer 149

MacElrevey 212 The correct answer is: False

Question 150

The safest, most expedient approach to a single-point mooring is made by… I. heading directly at the mooring, keeping the buoy dead ahead as ship’s engine goes astern and stopping near the pickup buoy. II. making a significant course change, preferably to port, to come to the final approach heading, and then keeping the buoy fine on the port bow as the ship approached the SPM. 1. I only 2. II only 3. either I or II 4. neither I or II

Answer 150

MacElrevey 213-214 The correct answer is: Number 1 I only

Question 151

During ship-to-ship lightering operations, there is less chance of damage if the yokohama fenders are rigged on the VLCC rather than the offtaker.

Answer 151

MacElrevey 217 The correct answer is: False

Question 152

It is important that mooring wires used by ships engaged in ship-to-ship lightering have synthetic tails or pendants… I. even though they make the wires more diffcult to handle. II. because they make it possible for ships to break apart more quickly in an emergency. III. beacuse they absorb some of the surge that might otherwise part the wires. 1. I only 2. II and III 3. III only 4. Synthetic tails should not be used for this purpose

Answer 152

MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 2 II and III

Question 153

When approaching the offtaker, the VLCC proceeds at the ____ possible speed. 1. minimum 2. maximum

Answer 153

MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 1 minimum

Question 154

During the approach the VLCC should head ____ the prevailing wind and swell. 1. into 2. across

Answer 154

MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 1 into

Question 155

During the approach the offtaker ____ the VLCC’s quarter and comes alongside. 1. stays close to 2. keeps clear of

Answer 155

MacElrevey 219 The correct answer is: Number 2 keeps clear of

Question 156

Anchors can be used to steer a ship backing to a berth or mooring, beacuse the ship’s stern will move to port if the starboard anchor is held, and to starboard if the port anchor is held.

Answer 156

MacElrevey 227 The correct answer is: True

Question 157

When making a Mediterranean moor, the ship should back with her engines until in position, close up to the berth, before running any lines.

Answer 157

MacElrevey 230 The correct answer is: False

Question 158

Departing a multiple-buoy mooring or Mediterranean moor, it’s usually best to… I. heave the weather anchor short. II. steam on the weather anchor as required while heaving home the lee anchor. III. steam away from the mooring as soon as the lee anchor breaks free, heaving on and dragging both anchors until well clear of the buoys or the berth. 1. I only 2. II and III only 3. all of the above 4. none of the above

Answer 158

MacElrevey 230 The correct answer is: Number 3 all of the above

Question 159

Williamson Turns are less effective with a VLCC because whe maintians her speed longer and the vessel’s path of travel is less predictable.

Answer 159

MacElrevey 213 The correct answer is: False

Question 160

When making a Williamson Turn, a ship should always be steadied up 60 degrees from her initial heading before starting a hard-over turn in the opposite direction.

Answer 160

MacElrevey 231-232 The correct answer is: False

Question 161

Twin-screw ships fitted with single rudders are generally more responsive at slow speeds through the water when the engines are stopped.

Answer 161

MacElrevey 235 The correct answer is: True

Question 162

Twin-screw ships can be moved laterally towards a berth by pushing the bow with a tug or bow thruster and backing the ____ engine while coming ahead on the other engine. 1. offshore 2. inshore

Answer 162

MacElrevey 235-236 The correct answer is: Number 1 offshore

Question 163

VLCCs generally steer well at very slow speeds.

Answer 163

MacElrevey 244 The correct answer is: True

Question 164

VLCCs usually go astern to avoid close quarters situations.

Answer 164

MacElrevey 244 The correct answer is: False

Question 165

Safe speed” is the same for all sizes of ships.”

Answer 165

MacElrevey 244 The correct answer is: False

Question 166

Shallow water effects are felt at a greater depth-to-draft ratios by loaded VLCCs than by smaller ships.

Answer 166

MacElrevey 246 The correct answer is: False

Question 167

The term constrained by draft” should take into consideration both shallow water effects and danger of grounding.”

Answer 167

MacElrevey 246 The correct answer is: True

Question 168

Hydrodynamic effects are different for VLCCs.

Answer 168

MacElrevey 247 The correct answer is: False

Question 169

VLCCs are less easily damaged when coming alongside a berth.

Answer 169

MacElrevey 247 The correct answer is: False

Question 170

VLCCs should be closer to a berth than smaller ships before mooring lines are sent ashore.

Answer 170

MacElrevey 247 The correct answer is: True

Question 171

Longer ships are more difficult to bring flat alongside because perspective makes the farther end appear much closer to the berth than the closer end (the ‘railroad track’ effect).

Answer 171

MacElrevey 247-248 The correct answer is: True

Question 172

Onboard traning and experince is important because… I. it is impossible to teach some marine skills in a classroom. II. priorities needed to apply theory to real-world situations can only be learned onboard the ship. III. masters and senior officers can transfer the lessons gained from experince through shipboard training. IV. it’s possible to learn most skills, such as shiphandling, simply by watching senior officers and pilots at work. 1. I only 2. both I and III 3. both II and III 4. IV only

Answer 172

MacElrevey 253-254 The correct answer is: Number 2 both I and III

Question 173

Deck officers cannot become effective watch officers and shiphandler’s until… I. they have twenty years’ experince at sea. II. they have hands hands-on” drills and feel comfortable using equipment. III. they learn not to touch equipment unless absolutely necessary. 1. I only 2. II only 3. III only 4. I and III”

Answer 173

MacElrevey 255-256 The correct answer is: Number 2 II only

Question 174

Simulators are innovative training aids becuase they make it possible to… I. learn to prioritize tasks and perform several tasks concurrently. II. watch experts work. III. transfer classrom theory to real-time situations. IV. learn most shipboard work without spending a great deal of time aboard ship. 1. I only 2. II only 3. II and IV 4. I and III

Answer 174

MacElrevey 261-262 The correct answer is: Number 4 I and III

Question 175

Simulator type is more important than instructor experince when judging potential benefits of a traning facility

Answer 175

MacElrevey 274-275 The correct answer is: False

Question 176

Professional instructors are preferable to professional mariners at simulator training facilities.

Answer 176

MacElrevey 274-275 The correct answer is: False

Question 177

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Shiphandling

Answer 177

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 178

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Rules of the road appilcations and maneuvering with other ships.

Answer 178

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 179

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Bridge Organization

Answer 179

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 180

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Watchkeeping Practices

Answer 180

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 181

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Restricted Visibility Navigation

Answer 181

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 182

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Emergency Proceedures

Answer 182

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 183

The following mariner’s skill could be improved with simulator training: Ship-To-Ship Communication Proceedures

Answer 183

MacElrevey 277-278 The correct answer is: True

Question 184

The computer-based simulator is an advancement that is replacing the ship-model type simulator at most training facilities.

Answer 184

MacElrevey 271-272 The correct answer is: True

Question 185

The most important component of the simulator course is the… 1. simulator 2. instructor 3. curriculum 4. all of the above

Answer 185

MacElrevey 274 The correct answer is: All Of The Above

Question 186

Performance-based testing on simulators should overload the student with senarios that are more difficult than real-world situations.

Answer 186

MacElrevey 276 The correct answer is: False

Question 187

Time should be divided between the briefing, simulator session, and debriefing approximately… 1. 1/4, 1/2, 1/4 2. 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 3. 1/4, 1/4, 1/2 4. the debriefing is only necessary if students make many errors

Answer 187

MacElrevey 282 The correct answer is: Number 2 1/3, 1/3, 1/3

Question 188

It isn’t particularly important that pilots posses traditional seagoing skills because their main task is advising shipmasters of courses and speeds from point to point.

Answer 188

MacElrevey 289 The correct answer is: False

Question 189

A pilot whose services are required by law is a _____ pilot. 1. compulsory 2. voluntary

Answer 189

MacElrevey 290-291 The correct answer is: Number 1 compulsory

Question 190

A pilot taken at the master’s option is a ____ pilot. 1. compulsory 2. voluntary

Answer 190

MacElrevey 289 The correct answer is: Number 2 voluntary

Question 191

A compulsory pilot is aboard in a purely advisory capacity and as such has no responsibility or liability for his actions.

Answer 191

MacElrevey 291 The correct answer is: False

Question 192

There is no significant differences between the responsibilites of the compulsory and the voluntary pilot.

Answer 192

MacElrevey 289 The correct answer is: False

Question 193

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The pilot is intoxicated

Answer 193

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes

Question 194

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The pilot demonstrates gross incompetence

Answer 194

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes

Question 195

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The master knows a more expident way to complete the maneuver.

Answer 195

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: No

Question 196

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The vessel is standing into danger that is not obvious to the pilot.

Answer 196

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes

Question 197

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The pilot’s actions are in error due to the circumstances or the limitations of the ship being handled.

Answer 197

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: Yes

Question 198

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? The master recommends a change that the pilot rejects.

Answer 198

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: No

Question 199

Should the shipmaster immediately relieve the pilot in the following situation? A master must wait until the ship is in extremis” before relieving a compulsory pilot.”

Answer 199

MacElrevey 292-293 The correct answer is: False

Question 200

It is essential that the master be a competent shiphandler because, under certain circumstances, he has a responsibility to relieve a pilot in a timely and effective manner.

Answer 200

MacElrevey 293 The correct answer is: True