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LOCAL PILOT > Piloting and Navigation > Flashcards

Piloting and Navigation Flashcards

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Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

What feature(s) of a daymark is (are) used to identify the beacon upon which it is mounted?

A. Color and shape

B. Size

C. Method of construction

D. Signal characteristics

A

A. Color and shape

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2
Q

Red lights may appear on

A. Horizontally banded buoys

B. Vertically stripped buoys

C. Yellow buoys

D. Spherical buoys

A

A. Horizontally banded buoys

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3
Q

The annual change for variation for an area can be found in…

A. The handbook for Magnetic Compass Adjustment, Pub 226

B. The center of the compass rose on a chart of the area

C. The compass deviation table

D. Variation does not change

A

B. The center of the compass rose on a chart of the area

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4
Q

In which source could you find the number of a chart for a certain geographic area?

A. Chart No. 1

B. Catalog of Charts

C. American Practical Navigator

D. U.S. Coast Guard Light List

A

B. Catalog of Charts

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5
Q

Some lights used as aids to marine navigation have a red sector to indicate a danger area. The limits of a colored sector of a light listed in the light list in which of the following manners?

A. Geographic positions outlining the area of the sector

B. True bearings as observed from the ship toward the light

C. An outline of the area of the sector

D. True bearings as observed from the light towards the ship

A

B. True bearings as observed from the ship toward the light

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6
Q

On entering from seaward, a starboard side daymark will…

A. Show a fixed red light if lighted

B. Show a Morse (A) white light

C. Be square in shape

D. Have an even number if numbered

A

D. Have an even number if numbered

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7
Q

Which buoy may be odd numbered?

A. A spherical buoy

B. Unlighted can buoy

C. A red buoy

D. A yellow buoy

A

B. Unlighted can buoy

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8
Q

A triangular daymark would be colored…

A. Red

B. Red and white

C. Green

D. Green and white

A

A. Red

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9
Q

A nun buoy will…

Be green in color

Have an even number

Be left to port when entering from seaward

Be cylindrical in shape

A

Have an even number

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10
Q

Preferred channel buoys indicate the preferred channel to transit by…

A. Odd or even numbers

B. The color of their top band

C. The location of the buoy in the channel junction

D. The buoy’s light rhythms

A

B. The color of their top band

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11
Q

Which buoy may be even numbered?

A. Mid-channel buoy

B. Unlighted nun buoy

C. Lighted green buoy

D. All of the above

A

B. Unlighted nun buoy

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12
Q

Under the IALA-B Buoyage System, a conical buoy will be…

A. Red in color

B. Numbered with an odd number

C. Left to port when entering from seaward

D. All of the above

A

A. Red in color

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13
Q

Under IALA-B buoyage system, when entering from seaward, a buoy that should be left to port will be…

A. Black

B. Red

C. Green

D. Yellow

A

C. Green

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14
Q

What are the colors of a mid-channel daymark?

A. Black and red

B. Red and white

C. Green and yellow

D. Green and white

A

B. Red and white

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of an isophase light?

4 sec. Flash, 2 sec. Eclipse, 3 sec. Flash, 2 sec. eclipse

2 sec. Flash, 5 sec eclipse

1 sec. Flash, 1 sec. Eclipse

6 sec. Flash, 3 sec. Eclipse

A

1 sec. Flash, 1 sec. Eclipse

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16
Q

Under the U.S. Aids to Navigation system, a yellow buoy is a …

A. Safe water buoy

B. Junction buoy

C. Cardinal mark

D. Special purpose mark

A

D. Special purpose mark

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17
Q

A white buoy with a blue band is…

A. An isolated danger mark

B. A hydrographic data collection buoy

C. A mooring buoy

D. Marking a restricted area

A

C. A mooring buoy

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18
Q

What indicates a buoy that should be left to port when entering from sea? (U.S. Aids to Navigation)

A. White light

B. Group flashing characteristic

C. Nun shape

D. Odd number

A

D. Odd number

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19
Q

When entering a channel from seaward the numbers of the buoys…

A. Are the same as their light list number

B. Are marked in 6 inch figures with retroreflective material

C. Increase with the even numbers to starboard

D. Decrease with the odd numbers to starboard

A

C. Increase with the even numbers to starboard

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20
Q

The time required for a lighted aid to complete a full cycle of light changes is listed in the Light List as…

Set

Frequency

Period

Function

A

Period

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21
Q

To find the specific phase characteristic of a lighthouse on a sound of the United States you would use the…

A. American Practical Navigator

B. Light List

C. Nautical Chart Catalog

D. U.S. Coast Pilot

A

B. Light List

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22
Q

Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is…

A. Inconspicuous

B. Conspicuous

C. A government facility or station

D. A radio transmitter

A

B. Conspicuous

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23
Q

Mariners are first warned of serious defects or important changes to aids to navigation by means of…

A. Marine broadcast notice to mariners

B. Weekly Notice to Mariners

C. Corrected editions of charts

D. Light Lists

A

A. Marine broadcast notice to mariners

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24
Q

Which navigational mark may only be lettered?

A. An unlighted green, can buoy

B. A spherical buoy

C. A red buoy

D. A port side dayshape

A

B. A spherical buoy

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25
Q

What daymark shape is used in the lateral system?

A. Semicircle

B. Triangle

C. Pentagon

D. Diamond

A

B. Triangle

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26
Q

What is the light characteristic of a lighted preferred channel buoy?

A. Fixed and flashing

B. Continuous quick

C. Isophase

D. Composite group-flashing

A

D. Composite group-flashing

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27
Q

When you are steering on a pair of range lights and find the upper light is above the lower light you should… (inline)

A. Come left

B. Come right

C. Continue on present course

D. Wait until the lights are no longer in a vertical line

A

C. Continue on present course

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28
Q

In the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, red and green horizontally banded buoys mark…

Channels for shallow draft vessels

General anchorage areas

Fishing grounds

Junctions or bifurcation

A

Junctions or bifurcation

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29
Q

Buoys are marked with reflective material to assist in their detection by search light. Which statement is true?

A. A safe-water buoy will display red and white vertical stripes of reflective material

B. All reflective material is white because it is the most visible at night

C. A special-purpose mark will display either red or green reflective material to agree with its shape

D. A preferred-channel buoy displays either red or green reflective material to agree with the top band of color

A

D. A preferred-channel buoy displays either red or green reflective material to agree with the top band of color

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30
Q

The light rhythm of Morse (A) is shown on…

Preferred-channel buoys

Starboard or port-side buoys

Special marks

Safe water buoys

A

Safe water buoys

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31
Q

If a magnetic compass is not affected by any magnetic field other than the earth’s, which statement is true?

A. Compass error and variation are equal

B. Compass north will be true north

C. Variation will equal deviation

D. There will be no compass error

A

A. Compass error and variation are equal

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32
Q

The lubber’s line on a magnetic compass indicates__________.

compass north

the direction in which the boat’s bow is heading.

magnetic north

a relative bearing taken with an azimuth circle

A

the direction in which the boat’s bow is heading.

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33
Q

Deviation is not constant; it is different with every change in…

A. Speed

B. Vessel heading

C. Geographic location

D. Cargo

A

B. Vessel heading

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34
Q

To find a magnetic compass course from a true course you must apply…

A. Deviation and variation

B. Deviation

C. Variation

D. Magnetic anomalies (local disturbances)

A

A. Deviation and variation

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35
Q

The difference in degrees between true north and magnetic north is called….

Variation

Deviation

Drift

PSC

A

Variation

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36
Q

Which information does the outer ring of a compass rose on a nautical chart provide?

Variation

True directions

Magnetic directions

Annual rate of variation change

A

True directions

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37
Q

The deviation of a compass for a 235° compass course and a 232° true course with variation of 004°E is…

007°E

007°W

003°W

003°E

A

007*E

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38
Q

Your chart shows that 3 buoys in line bear 300° true. When in line with these buoys, your compass reads 322°. Your compass error is…

045° E

022°W

016° W

008°E

A

022°W

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39
Q

Deviation is caused by…

Changes in the earth’s magnetic field

Magnetic influence inherent to that particular vessel

Nearby magnetic land masses or mineral deposits

The magnetic lines of force not coinciding with the lines of longitude

A

Magnetic influence inherent to that particular vessel

40
Q

The most important feature of the material used for making the binnacle of a standard magnetic compass is that it is__________.

nonmagnetic

weatherproof

corrosion resistant

capable of being permanently affixed to the vessel

A

nonmagnetic

41
Q

Variation is not constant; it is different with every change in __________.

speed

geographic location

vessel heading

cargo

A

geographic location

42
Q

You desire to steer a course of 045° magnetic. Your compass has a 005°E deviation on a heading of northeast. What would you steer…

040° PSC

045° PSC

035° PSC

030° PSC

A

040° PSC

43
Q

As a vessel changes course to starboard, the compass card in a magnetic compass ____________.

A. remains aligned with compass north

B. also turns to starboard

C. first turns to starboard then counterclockwise to port

D. turns counterclockwise to port

A

A. remains aligned with compass north

44
Q

The bearing of a range taken from the inner circle of the compass rose on a local chart was found to be 177°. The bearing of the same range taken on your vessel’s compass was 175° What was the deviation of the compass…

004°E

004°W

002°E

002°W

A

002°E

45
Q

A vessel is heading 270° PSC. On this heading, the deviation is 004°W. The variation is 012°E. The true heading is…

228°T

238°T

268°T

278°T

A

278°T

46
Q

The datum from which the predicted heights of tides are reckoned in the tide tables is…

Mean low water

The same as that used for the charts of the locality

The highest possible level

Given in table three of the tide tables

A

The same as that used for the charts of the locality

47
Q

The term “flood Current” refers to that time when the water…

Is flowing towards land

Is moving towards the ocean

Level is not changing

Level is rising because of heavy rains

A

Is flowing towards land

48
Q

In a river subject to tidal currents, the best time to dock a ship without the assistance of tugs is…

At slack water

At flood tide

When there is following current

At high water

A

At slack water

49
Q

The point where the vertical rise or fall of tide has stopped is referred to as…

Slack water

The rip tide

The stand of the tide

The reverse of the tide

A

The stand of the tide

50
Q

Mean high water is the average height of…

The higher high waters

The lower high waters

The lower of the two daily tides

All high waters

A

All high waters

51
Q

The movement of water away from shore or downstream is called a(n)…

Reversing current

Ebb current

Flood current

Slack current

A

Ebb current

52
Q

When the moon is new or full which type of tides occur?

Neap

Spring

Diurnal

Apogean

A

Spring

53
Q

The velocity of the current in large coastal harbors is…

Unpredictable

Predicted in tidal Current Tables

Generally constant

Generally to weak to be of concern

A

Predicted in tidal Current Tables

54
Q

Information about currents on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. is found in the…

Nautical Almanac

Tidal Current Tables

Ocean Current Tables

Tide Tables

A

Tidal Current Tables

55
Q

The distance between the surface of the water and the tidal datum is the…

Range of tide

Height of tide

Charted depth

Actual water depth

A

Height of tide

56
Q

Which term refers to the direction a current is flowing?

Set

Drift

Vector direction

Stand

A

Set

57
Q

The difference between the heights of low and high tide is the…

Period

Range

Distance

Depth

A

Range

58
Q

What does the term “tide” refer to?

Horizontal movement of the water

Vertical movement of the water

Mixing tendency of the water

Salinity content of the water

A

Vertical movement of the water

59
Q

A tide is called diurnal when…

Only one high and one low water occur during a lunar day

The high tide is higher and the low tide is lower than usual

The high tide and low tide are exactly six hours apart

Two high tides occur during a lunar day

A

Only one high and one low water occur during a lunar day

60
Q

The drift and set of tidal, river, and ocean currents refer to the…

Position and area of the current

Speed and direction toward which current flows

Type and characteristic of the current’s flow

None of the above

A

Speed and direction toward which current flows

61
Q

The holding power of an anchor at a given scope of cable increases when the ___________.

amount of chain lying along the bottom increases

length of the catenary is reduced

mooring line tension is increased

amount of chain lying along the bottom decreases

A

amount of chain lying along the bottom increases

62
Q

By paying out more anchor cable, you_________.

decrease the holding power of your anchor

decrease the swing of your vessel while at anchor

increase the holding power of your anchor

increase the possibility that your vessel will drag anchor

A

increase the holding power of your anchor

63
Q

When a small craft’s anchor refuses to break free, the operator should ___________.

haul vertically on the line

back down using the force of the engine

run in a wide circle, slowly, to change the angle of pull

increase the scope with the anchor line taut

A

run in a wide circle, slowly, to change the angle of pull

64
Q

The holding power of an anchor is primarily determined by the ___________.

anchor’s ability to dig in

shape of the anchor

stowage of the anchor on board

size of the vessel and its draft

A

anchor’s ability to dig in

65
Q

What is the normal length of anchor cable used to anchor a vessel?

An amount equal to the depth of the water

Two times the depth of water

Three to four times the depth of water

Five to seven times the depth of water

A

Five to seven times the depth of water

66
Q

Which type of bottom is best suited for holding an anchor of a small boat?

Hard mud and clay

Rock and coral

Loose sand

Gravel

A

Hard mud and clay

67
Q

The best method of determining if a vessel is dragging anchor is to note_________.

the amount of line paid out

how much the vessel sheers while at anchor

any change in the tautness of the anchor chain

changes in bearings of fixed objects onshore

A

changes in bearings of fixed objects onshore

68
Q

Which part of the anchor actually digs into the bottom and provide holding power?

Stock

Shank

Crown

Fluke

A

Fluke

69
Q

While anchoring your vessel, the best time to let go the anchor is when the vessel is…

dead in the water

making slight sternway due to wind or current

moving fast ahead over the ground

moving fast astern over the ground

A

making slight sternway due to wind or current

70
Q

To safely anchor a vessel there must be sufficient “scope” in the anchor cable. Scope is the ratio of_______________.

Weight of cable to weight of vessel

Weight of cable to weight of anchor

Length of anchor to depth of water

Length of cable to depth of water

A

Length of cable to depth of water

71
Q

The BEST holding ground for a conventional anchor is ____________.

very soft mud

hard mud

shale

rock

A

hard mud

72
Q

A sufficient amount of chain must be veered when anchoring a vessel to ensure ____________.

the vessel has enough room to swing while at anchor

the anchor flukes bite into the ocean bottom

there is a sufficient scope of chain to keep the anchor on the bottom

there is more chain out than there is in the chain locker

A

the anchor flukes bite into the ocean bottom

73
Q

Using a scope of 6, determine how much anchor rode you should put out to anchor in 12 feet (3.7 meters) of water.

2 feet (0.6 meters)

18 feet (5.5 meters)

48 feet (14.6 meters)

72 feet (21.9 meters)

A

72 feet (21.9 meters)

74
Q

The best method to stop a vessel from dragging anchor in a sand bottom is to _________.

reduce the length of the cable

pay out more anchor cable

back the engines

swing the rudder several times to work the anchor into the bottom

A

pay out more anchor cable

75
Q

The line connecting the anchor with a vessel is called _________.

windless

rode

scope

vertical load

A

rode

76
Q

Which general statement concerning radar is FALSE?

A. Raising the antenna height increases the radar range.

B. The ability of radar to detect objects is unaffected by weather conditions, especially dense rain.

C. Radar bearings are less accurate than radar ranges.

D. Radar should be checked regularly during clear weather to ensure it is operating properly.

A

B. The ability of radar to detect objects is unaffected by weather conditions, especially dense rain.

77
Q

All depth sounders can measure the __________.

actual depth of the water

actual depth of the water below the keel

average depth from the waterline to hard bottom

average depth of the water to a soft bottom

A

actual depth of the water below the keel

78
Q

The description “RACON” besides an illustration on a chart would mean a __________?

A. radar transponder beacon

B. radar conspicuous beacon

C. radar calibration beacon

D. circular radio beacon

A

A. radar transponder beacon

79
Q

With regard to GPS, a civilian receiver will have the same accuracy as a military receiver if…

A. selective availability is set to zero

B. the satellites are all below 15° in elevation

C. your vessel is equipped with a Doppler receiver

D. horizontal dilution of precision is high

A

A. selective availability is set to zero

80
Q

The highest level of navigational accuracy is provided by __________.

DGPS

DPPS

NAVSAT

DSPS

A

DGPS

81
Q

When operated over a muddy bottom, a Fathometer may indicate__________.

a shallow depth reading

a zero depth reading

no depth reading

two depth readings

A

two depth readings

82
Q

What does not contribute to the accuracy of a GPS?

Satellite and receiver clock timing errors

Ship’s speed

Position satellite errors

Atmospheric variations

A

Ship’s speed

83
Q

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of radar

Minimum and maximum range settings.

Mechanical and electrical failures

Radar transmission is line of sight

Radar may be used at night in low visibility conditions.

A

Radar may be used at night in low visibility conditions.

84
Q

When using GPS (Global Positioning System) you may expect your position to be accurate 95% of the time to within a radius of…

10 meters

20 meters

50 meters

100 meters

A

20 meters

85
Q

You are approaching a light fitted with a RACON. The light may be identified on the radar by __________.

a dashed line running from the center of the scope to the light.

an audible signal when the sweep crosses the light.

a circle appearing on the scope surrounding the light.

a coded signal appearing on the same bearing at a greater range than the light.

A

a coded signal appearing on the same bearing at a greater range than the light.

86
Q

In modern fathometers the sonic or ultrasonic sound waves are produced electrically by means of a(n)…

transmitter

transducer

transceiver

amplifier

A

transducer

87
Q

What should you apply to a Fathometer reading to determine the depth of water?

Subtract the draft of the vessel.

Add the draft of the vessel.

Subtract the sea water correction.

Add the sea water correction.

A

Add the draft of the vessel.

88
Q

What would give the best radar echo?

A 600-foot freighter, beam on.

The beam of a three masted sailing vessel with all sail set.

A 100-foot fishing vessel with a radar reflector in its rigging.

A 300-foot tanker, bow on.

A

A 600-foot freighter, beam on.

89
Q

What would give the best radar echo?

A. The beam of a three masted sailing vessel with the sails set.

B. A 110-foot fishing vessel with a radar reflector in its rigging.

C. A 600-foot freighter.

D. A 300-foot tanker, bow on.

A

C. A 600-foot freighter.

90
Q

Which statement concerning the operation of radar in fog is TRUE?

Radar ranges are less accurate in fog.

Navigation buoys will always show up on a radar.

A sandy beach will show up clearer on radar than a rocky cliff.

Small wooden boats may not show up on radar

A

Small wooden boats may not show up on radar.

91
Q 
Preferred channel, Isolated Danger, and Safe Water Marks:
A. No Numbers
B. May be Lettered
C. May be Lighted
D. All of the above
A

D. All of the Above

92
Q

Port Side Aids

A

Green, Can, Odd, Square

93
Q

Starboard Side Aids

A

Red, Nun, Even, Triangle

94
Q

Isolated danger Aids

A

Red & Black Horizontal, No numbers, two Black balls, white light Only, Fl (2)s

95
Q

Safe Water Aids

A

White & Red vertical, No numbers, one Red ball, white light only, Morse code A

96
Q

Special Marks ICW

A

Yellow, Yellow light, fixed flashing,
Yellow Triangle: ICW leave to Starboard
Yellow Square: ICW Leave to Port
Yellow Band ICW: No lateral Information

LOCAL PILOT (15 decks)

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