Piloting and Navigation Flashcards by Local Mariner

What feature(s) of a daymark is (are) used to identify the beacon upon which it is mounted?

A. Color and shape

B. Size

C. Method of construction

D. Signal characteristics

A. Color and shape

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Red lights may appear on

A. Horizontally banded buoys

B. Vertically stripped buoys

C. Yellow buoys

D. Spherical buoys

A. Horizontally banded buoys

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The annual change for variation for an area can be found in…

A. The handbook for Magnetic Compass Adjustment, Pub 226

B. The center of the compass rose on a chart of the area

C. The compass deviation table

D. Variation does not change

B. The center of the compass rose on a chart of the area

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In which source could you find the number of a chart for a certain geographic area?

A. Chart No. 1

B. Catalog of Charts

C. American Practical Navigator

D. U.S. Coast Guard Light List

B. Catalog of Charts

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Some lights used as aids to marine navigation have a red sector to indicate a danger area. The limits of a colored sector of a light listed in the light list in which of the following manners?

A. Geographic positions outlining the area of the sector

B. True bearings as observed from the ship toward the light

C. An outline of the area of the sector

D. True bearings as observed from the light towards the ship

B. True bearings as observed from the ship toward the light

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On entering from seaward, a starboard side daymark will…

A. Show a fixed red light if lighted

B. Show a Morse (A) white light

C. Be square in shape

D. Have an even number if numbered

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Which buoy may be odd numbered?

A. A spherical buoy

B. Unlighted can buoy

C. A red buoy

D. A yellow buoy

B. Unlighted can buoy

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A triangular daymark would be colored…

A. Red

B. Red and white

C. Green

D. Green and white

A. Red

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A nun buoy will…

Be green in color

Have an even number

Be left to port when entering from seaward

Be cylindrical in shape

Have an even number

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Preferred channel buoys indicate the preferred channel to transit by…

A. Odd or even numbers

B. The color of their top band

C. The location of the buoy in the channel junction

D. The buoy’s light rhythms

B. The color of their top band

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Which buoy may be even numbered?

A. Mid-channel buoy

B. Unlighted nun buoy

C. Lighted green buoy

D. All of the above

B. Unlighted nun buoy

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Under the IALA-B Buoyage System, a conical buoy will be…

A. Red in color

B. Numbered with an odd number

C. Left to port when entering from seaward

D. All of the above

A. Red in color

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Under IALA-B buoyage system, when entering from seaward, a buoy that should be left to port will be…

A. Black

B. Red

C. Green

D. Yellow

C. Green

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What are the colors of a mid-channel daymark?

A. Black and red

B. Red and white

C. Green and yellow

D. Green and white

B. Red and white

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What are the characteristics of an isophase light?

4 sec. Flash, 2 sec. Eclipse, 3 sec. Flash, 2 sec. eclipse

2 sec. Flash, 5 sec eclipse

1 sec. Flash, 1 sec. Eclipse

6 sec. Flash, 3 sec. Eclipse

1 sec. Flash, 1 sec. Eclipse

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Under the U.S. Aids to Navigation system, a yellow buoy is a …

A. Safe water buoy

B. Junction buoy

C. Cardinal mark

D. Special purpose mark

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A white buoy with a blue band is…

A. An isolated danger mark

B. A hydrographic data collection buoy

C. A mooring buoy

D. Marking a restricted area

C. A mooring buoy

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What indicates a buoy that should be left to port when entering from sea? (U.S. Aids to Navigation)

A. White light

B. Group flashing characteristic

C. Nun shape

D. Odd number

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When entering a channel from seaward the numbers of the buoys…

A. Are the same as their light list number

B. Are marked in 6 inch figures with retroreflective material

C. Increase with the even numbers to starboard

D. Decrease with the odd numbers to starboard

C. Increase with the even numbers to starboard

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The time required for a lighted aid to complete a full cycle of light changes is listed in the Light List as…

Set

Frequency

Period

Function

Period

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To find the specific phase characteristic of a lighthouse on a sound of the United States you would use the…

A. American Practical Navigator

B. Light List

C. Nautical Chart Catalog

D. U.S. Coast Pilot

B. Light List

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Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is…

A. Inconspicuous

B. Conspicuous

C. A government facility or station

D. A radio transmitter

B. Conspicuous

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Mariners are first warned of serious defects or important changes to aids to navigation by means of…

A. Marine broadcast notice to mariners

B. Weekly Notice to Mariners

C. Corrected editions of charts

D. Light Lists

A. Marine broadcast notice to mariners

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Which navigational mark may only be lettered?

A. An unlighted green, can buoy

B. A spherical buoy

C. A red buoy

D. A port side dayshape

B. A spherical buoy

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What daymark shape is used in the lateral system? A. Semicircle B. Triangle C. Pentagon D. Diamond

B. Triangle

What is the light characteristic of a lighted preferred channel buoy? A. Fixed and flashing B. Continuous quick C. Isophase D. Composite group-flashing

D. Composite group-flashing

When you are steering on a pair of range lights and find the upper light is above the lower light you should... (inline) A. Come left B. Come right C. Continue on present course D. Wait until the lights are no longer in a vertical line

C. Continue on present course

In the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, red and green horizontally banded buoys mark... Channels for shallow draft vessels General anchorage areas Fishing grounds Junctions or bifurcation

Junctions or bifurcation

Buoys are marked with reflective material to assist in their detection by search light. Which statement is true? A. A safe-water buoy will display red and white vertical stripes of reflective material B. All reflective material is white because it is the most visible at night C. A special-purpose mark will display either red or green reflective material to agree with its shape D. A preferred-channel buoy displays either red or green reflective material to agree with the top band of color

D. A preferred-channel buoy displays either red or green reflective material to agree with the top band of color

The light rhythm of Morse (A) is shown on... Preferred-channel buoys Starboard or port-side buoys Special marks Safe water buoys

Safe water buoys

If a magnetic compass is not affected by any magnetic field other than the earth's, which statement is true? A. Compass error and variation are equal B. Compass north will be true north C. Variation will equal deviation D. There will be no compass error

A. Compass error and variation are equal

The lubber’s line on a magnetic compass indicates__________. compass north the direction in which the boat's bow is heading. magnetic north a relative bearing taken with an azimuth circle

the direction in which the boat's bow is heading.

Deviation is not constant; it is different with every change in... A. Speed B. Vessel heading C. Geographic location D. Cargo

B. Vessel heading

To find a magnetic compass course from a true course you must apply... A. Deviation and variation B. Deviation C. Variation D. Magnetic anomalies (local disturbances)

A. Deviation and variation

The difference in degrees between true north and magnetic north is called.... Variation Deviation Drift PSC

Variation

Which information does the outer ring of a compass rose on a nautical chart provide? Variation True directions Magnetic directions Annual rate of variation change

True directions

The deviation of a compass for a 235° compass course and a 232° true course with variation of 004°E is... 007°E 007°W 003°W 003°E

007*E

Your chart shows that 3 buoys in line bear 300° true. When in line with these buoys, your compass reads 322°. Your compass error is... 045° E 022°W 016° W 008°E

022°W

Deviation is caused by... Changes in the earth's magnetic field Magnetic influence inherent to that particular vessel Nearby magnetic land masses or mineral deposits The magnetic lines of force not coinciding with the lines of longitude

Magnetic influence inherent to that particular vessel

The most important feature of the material used for making the binnacle of a standard magnetic compass is that it is__________. nonmagnetic weatherproof corrosion resistant capable of being permanently affixed to the vessel

nonmagnetic

Variation is not constant; it is different with every change in __________. speed geographic location vessel heading cargo

geographic location

You desire to steer a course of 045° magnetic. Your compass has a 005°E deviation on a heading of northeast. What would you steer... 040° PSC 045° PSC 035° PSC 030° PSC

040° PSC

As a vessel changes course to starboard, the compass card in a magnetic compass ____________. A. remains aligned with compass north B. also turns to starboard C. first turns to starboard then counterclockwise to port D. turns counterclockwise to port

A. remains aligned with compass north

The bearing of a range taken from the inner circle of the compass rose on a local chart was found to be 177°. The bearing of the same range taken on your vessel's compass was 175° What was the deviation of the compass... 004°E 004°W 002°E 002°W

002°E

A vessel is heading 270° PSC. On this heading, the deviation is 004°W. The variation is 012°E. The true heading is... 228°T 238°T 268°T 278°T

278°T

The datum from which the predicted heights of tides are reckoned in the tide tables is... Mean low water The same as that used for the charts of the locality The highest possible level Given in table three of the tide tables

The same as that used for the charts of the locality

The term “flood Current” refers to that time when the water... Is flowing towards land Is moving towards the ocean Level is not changing Level is rising because of heavy rains

Is flowing towards land

In a river subject to tidal currents, the best time to dock a ship without the assistance of tugs is... At slack water At flood tide When there is following current At high water

At slack water

The point where the vertical rise or fall of tide has stopped is referred to as... Slack water The rip tide The stand of the tide The reverse of the tide

The stand of the tide

Mean high water is the average height of... The higher high waters The lower high waters The lower of the two daily tides All high waters

All high waters

The movement of water away from shore or downstream is called a(n)... Reversing current Ebb current Flood current Slack current

Ebb current

When the moon is new or full which type of tides occur? Neap Spring Diurnal Apogean

Spring

The velocity of the current in large coastal harbors is... Unpredictable Predicted in tidal Current Tables Generally constant Generally to weak to be of concern

Predicted in tidal Current Tables

Information about currents on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. is found in the... Nautical Almanac Tidal Current Tables Ocean Current Tables Tide Tables

Tidal Current Tables

The distance between the surface of the water and the tidal datum is the... Range of tide Height of tide Charted depth Actual water depth

Height of tide

Which term refers to the direction a current is flowing? Set Drift Vector direction Stand

Set

The difference between the heights of low and high tide is the... Period Range Distance Depth

Range

What does the term "tide" refer to? Horizontal movement of the water Vertical movement of the water Mixing tendency of the water Salinity content of the water

Vertical movement of the water

A tide is called diurnal when... Only one high and one low water occur during a lunar day The high tide is higher and the low tide is lower than usual The high tide and low tide are exactly six hours apart Two high tides occur during a lunar day

Only one high and one low water occur during a lunar day

The drift and set of tidal, river, and ocean currents refer to the... Position and area of the current Speed and direction toward which current flows Type and characteristic of the current’s flow None of the above

Speed and direction toward which current flows

The holding power of an anchor at a given scope of cable increases when the ___________. amount of chain lying along the bottom increases length of the catenary is reduced mooring line tension is increased amount of chain lying along the bottom decreases

amount of chain lying along the bottom increases

By paying out more anchor cable, you_________. decrease the holding power of your anchor decrease the swing of your vessel while at anchor increase the holding power of your anchor increase the possibility that your vessel will drag anchor

increase the holding power of your anchor

When a small craft's anchor refuses to break free, the operator should ___________. haul vertically on the line back down using the force of the engine run in a wide circle, slowly, to change the angle of pull increase the scope with the anchor line taut

run in a wide circle, slowly, to change the angle of pull

The holding power of an anchor is primarily determined by the ___________. anchor's ability to dig in shape of the anchor stowage of the anchor on board size of the vessel and its draft

anchor's ability to dig in

What is the normal length of anchor cable used to anchor a vessel? An amount equal to the depth of the water Two times the depth of water Three to four times the depth of water Five to seven times the depth of water

Five to seven times the depth of water

Which type of bottom is best suited for holding an anchor of a small boat? Hard mud and clay Rock and coral Loose sand Gravel

Hard mud and clay

The best method of determining if a vessel is dragging anchor is to note_________. the amount of line paid out how much the vessel sheers while at anchor any change in the tautness of the anchor chain changes in bearings of fixed objects onshore

changes in bearings of fixed objects onshore

Which part of the anchor actually digs into the bottom and provide holding power? Stock Shank Crown Fluke

Fluke

While anchoring your vessel, the best time to let go the anchor is when the vessel is... dead in the water making slight sternway due to wind or current moving fast ahead over the ground moving fast astern over the ground

making slight sternway due to wind or current

To safely anchor a vessel there must be sufficient "scope" in the anchor cable. Scope is the ratio of_______________. Weight of cable to weight of vessel Weight of cable to weight of anchor Length of anchor to depth of water Length of cable to depth of water

Length of cable to depth of water

The BEST holding ground for a conventional anchor is ____________. very soft mud hard mud shale rock

hard mud

A sufficient amount of chain must be veered when anchoring a vessel to ensure ____________. the vessel has enough room to swing while at anchor the anchor flukes bite into the ocean bottom there is a sufficient scope of chain to keep the anchor on the bottom there is more chain out than there is in the chain locker

the anchor flukes bite into the ocean bottom

Using a scope of 6, determine how much anchor rode you should put out to anchor in 12 feet (3.7 meters) of water. 2 feet (0.6 meters) 18 feet (5.5 meters) 48 feet (14.6 meters) 72 feet (21.9 meters)

72 feet (21.9 meters)

The best method to stop a vessel from dragging anchor in a sand bottom is to _________. reduce the length of the cable pay out more anchor cable back the engines swing the rudder several times to work the anchor into the bottom

pay out more anchor cable

The line connecting the anchor with a vessel is called _________. windless rode scope vertical load

rode

Which general statement concerning radar is FALSE? A. Raising the antenna height increases the radar range. B. The ability of radar to detect objects is unaffected by weather conditions, especially dense rain. C. Radar bearings are less accurate than radar ranges. D. Radar should be checked regularly during clear weather to ensure it is operating properly.

B. The ability of radar to detect objects is unaffected by weather conditions, especially dense rain.

All depth sounders can measure the __________. actual depth of the water actual depth of the water below the keel average depth from the waterline to hard bottom average depth of the water to a soft bottom

actual depth of the water below the keel

The description "RACON" besides an illustration on a chart would mean a __________? A. radar transponder beacon B. radar conspicuous beacon C. radar calibration beacon D. circular radio beacon

A. radar transponder beacon

With regard to GPS, a civilian receiver will have the same accuracy as a military receiver if... A. selective availability is set to zero B. the satellites are all below 15° in elevation C. your vessel is equipped with a Doppler receiver D. horizontal dilution of precision is high

A. selective availability is set to zero

The highest level of navigational accuracy is provided by __________. DGPS DPPS NAVSAT DSPS

DGPS

When operated over a muddy bottom, a Fathometer may indicate__________. a shallow depth reading a zero depth reading no depth reading two depth readings

two depth readings

What does not contribute to the accuracy of a GPS? Satellite and receiver clock timing errors Ship's speed Position satellite errors Atmospheric variations

Ship's speed

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of radar Minimum and maximum range settings. Mechanical and electrical failures Radar transmission is line of sight Radar may be used at night in low visibility conditions.

Radar may be used at night in low visibility conditions.

When using GPS (Global Positioning System) you may expect your position to be accurate 95% of the time to within a radius of... 10 meters 20 meters 50 meters 100 meters

20 meters

You are approaching a light fitted with a RACON. The light may be identified on the radar by __________. a dashed line running from the center of the scope to the light. an audible signal when the sweep crosses the light. a circle appearing on the scope surrounding the light. a coded signal appearing on the same bearing at a greater range than the light.

a coded signal appearing on the same bearing at a greater range than the light.

In modern fathometers the sonic or ultrasonic sound waves are produced electrically by means of a(n)... transmitter transducer transceiver amplifier

transducer

What should you apply to a Fathometer reading to determine the depth of water? Subtract the draft of the vessel. Add the draft of the vessel. Subtract the sea water correction. Add the sea water correction.

Add the draft of the vessel.

What would give the best radar echo? A 600-foot freighter, beam on. The beam of a three masted sailing vessel with all sail set. A 100-foot fishing vessel with a radar reflector in its rigging. A 300-foot tanker, bow on.

A 600-foot freighter, beam on.

What would give the best radar echo? A. The beam of a three masted sailing vessel with the sails set. B. A 110-foot fishing vessel with a radar reflector in its rigging. C. A 600-foot freighter. D. A 300-foot tanker, bow on.

C. A 600-foot freighter.

Which statement concerning the operation of radar in fog is TRUE? Radar ranges are less accurate in fog. Navigation buoys will always show up on a radar. A sandy beach will show up clearer on radar than a rocky cliff. Small wooden boats may not show up on radar

Small wooden boats may not show up on radar.

``` Preferred channel, Isolated Danger, and Safe Water Marks: A. No Numbers B. May be Lettered C. May be Lighted D. All of the above ```

D. All of the Above

Port Side Aids

Green, Can, Odd, Square

Starboard Side Aids

Red, Nun, Even, Triangle

Isolated danger Aids

Red & Black Horizontal, No numbers, two Black balls, white light Only, Fl (2)s

Safe Water Aids

White & Red vertical, No numbers, one Red ball, white light only, Morse code A

Special Marks ICW

Yellow, Yellow light, fixed flashing, Yellow Triangle: ICW leave to Starboard Yellow Square: ICW Leave to Port Yellow Band ICW: No lateral Information