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Advanced Rd.2 July 2020 > Sherry > Flashcards

Sherry Flashcards

1
Q

Where in Spain is Sherry found

A

Southern Spain
Andalucia
Jerez (hottest wine region in Spain) Sanlucar de Barrameda which are located in the coastal province of Cadiz

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2
Q

These two bodies of water have a moderating effect on Sanlucar de Barrameda DO

A

Guadalquivir River
Atlantic Ocean
20 degrees higher in Jerez

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3
Q

These two winds have major effects on sherry, one is hot and dry and the other is humid.

A

Levante: Hot and dry, keeps disease pressure low
Poniente: Humid (alternates with Levante) and promotes flor

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4
Q

Soils of Sherry

A

Albariza Chalk & Limestone best soil in Jerez
Barros - Clay, shitty wines
Arenas- Sandy soils best for Moscatel

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5
Q

Varieties of Sherry

A

Palomino AKA Listan- top varietal used, prone to oxidation, low acidity
Palomino Fino, Palomino de Jerez

Pedro Ximenez- used for sweet wines

Moscatel (muscat of alex, only allowed for varietal Moscatel wines)

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6
Q

Three towns of Sherry production that make up the triangle

A

Jerez de la Frontera (most inland)
El Puerto de Santa Maria (most southern)
Sanlúcar de Barrameda (most northern and coastal)

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7
Q

Sherry must be aged and shipped from where?

A

Aging for Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO must be carried out in Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, or El Puerto de Santa María
Aging for Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO must be carried out in Sanlúcar de Barrameda

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8
Q

two DOs of Sherry

A

Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO
Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO

The DOs share the same production zone but M-SdB must be aged in SdB to receive DO

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9
Q

Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO and Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO Communes of production

A 
Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlúcar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa María
 Chipiona
 Rota
Trebujena
Puerto Real
 Chiclana de la Frontera
Lebrija (Seville)
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10
Q

Max Yields for DO sherry?

A

Jerez Superior: 80 hl/ha

Other Vineyards: 100 hl/ha

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11
Q

Sub Region of Jerez-Xeres DO and location

A

Jerez Superiore between SdB & Guadalquivir river

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12
Q

Three Sherry Pagos

A

Macharnudo (largest)
Anina
Carrascal

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13
Q

The Pedro Ximenez grape can be imported in from this nearby DO

A

Montilla-Moriles DO

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14
Q

Explain Soleo process for Sherry

A

Grapes are dried in the sun on esparto maps for 1-3 weeks prior to press
This is only for PX and Moscatel
Palomin does not do this for more that 24 hours

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15
Q

vine training used for sherry

A

Vara y Pulgar (Thumb)

grower prunes alternate spurs each year

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16
Q

When is sherry generally harvested?

How is it generally harvested?

A

August harvest via machine

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17
Q

max yields for sherry

A

100 hl/ha

80 hl/ha for Jerez Superior

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18
Q

what does Flor mean?

A

Flower

19
Q 
Terms:
Pisadores
Zapatos de Pisar
Yeso
Desfangado
A

Labors

Cowhide boats with angled nails on soles

Producers adhere plaster to grapes prior to press for clarification

Racking

20
Q

Describe what is used for the fortification of sherry

A

Gentle mixture of grape must and matured sherry called Mitad y Mitad

21
Q

Sherry begins by being divided after fermentation into two major categories

Explain

A

After fermentation wines are divided into

Palo (becomes Fino or Manzanilla) fortified to 15-15.5% alc

Gordura (wines become Oloroso) fortified 17-18%

The major difference is high alcohol does not allow the growth of flor thus no flor for Gordura/Oloroso

22
Q

what climactic condition is needed for the development of flor?

A

Humidity

23
Q

after fermentation the barrels are marked with a / (slash) or a O (circle) which barrel gets what

A

Palo /

Gordura O

24
Q

Making Sherry: Max______ L of juice pressed from 100kg of grapes

A

72.5 L

25
Q

Making Sherry: Term for Must

A

Mosto de Yema

26
Q

Making Sherry: Like Champagne, after harvest the grapes are brought in and the juice is separated in three quality stages with the first being the free run juice. Breakdown.

A 
Primera Yema (free run) 60-70% of total must
Segunda Yema (Pressed wine)
Mosto Presna (third press) used for distillation

Primera and Segunda are fermented separately

27
Q

Making Sherry: Is sherry acidified (generally)

A

yes

28
Q

Making Sherry: Most sherry is fermented in _______.

Fermentation uses a two step process, explain.

A

temp controlled, stainless
First stage the fermentation is hot a vigorous and last one week
second stage is Lenta (slow fermentation) and temp controlled.

29
Q

Making Sherry:

Sherry is normally aged in what type of oak?

A

American

30
Q

Making Sherry:
After the first stage when the wine is placed in ____ L barrels flor develops (in the wines not fortified for Oloroso). Each barrel is then tested for quality of flor and wine. This is called?
how long does the flor last?

A

600L American Oak

Sobretablas

6-12 months

31
Q

Making Sherry: 2nd classification

after wine is put into barrel and develops flor for 6-12 months (Sobretablas) each barrel is then checked and divided into five quality levels. Explain

A

Palma: Fine, delicate sherry with little to no oxidation

Palma Cortada: More robust, fino amontillado

Palo Cortado: Rare, although flor is present, richness emerges and wine is redirected to an oxidative path with the wine being fortified to 17%, killing the flor.

Raya: shitty flor and the wine is redirected to oloroso

DOS Rayas: Extra shitty wine. no flor and has VA. Wine is used for sweet sherry and vinegar

32
Q

Making sherry: Name of the barreles within the solera system?

A

Criadera

33
Q

Making Sherry: a new vintage entering a solera system is called?

A

Ananda

34
Q

Making Sherry:
in a solera system, when removing wine from the criadera, for every __L of wine drawn, __L must remain and then the first criadera is refreshed from the second.

A

for every 1L drawn, 2L must remain

35
Q

Making Sherry: the movement of wine is called?

A

Trasiegio

36
Q

Making Sherry: Generoso Sherry Styles

Breakdown

A

Generoso wines are all dry
Fino: light, delicate, almond-toned style characterized by a salty tang, and a final abv 15-18%

As Fino matures, the flor may finally disappear, making wines richer and becoming

Amontillado: flavor, strength and color deepen. The final abv must be between 16% and 22%.

Oloroso: meaning “fragrant” w/spicy, walnut tones and smooth. Oloroso must range from 17% to 22% abv.

Palo Cortado:combines the rich body and color of an Oloroso with the penetrating yet delicate bouquet of an Amontillado, and is greatly prized by Sherry aficionados.

Sanlúcar de Barrameda has its own classifications for generoso wines:
Manzanilla Fina: Manzanilla Fina is similar in style to Fino, although the harvest occurs about a week earlier, and the resulting wines are lower in alcohol and fortified to a lower degree.

Manzanilla Pasada: like Fino-Amontillado wines, lose the protection of flor and begin to show some oxidative characteristics.

Manzanilla Oloroso:

37
Q

At bottling sherry wines may be labeled dry but are often _______. What is this process called?

A

sweetened and blended

Cabeceo

38
Q

Sweetening agent used for sherry

A

Dulce Pasa

made from sundried palomino grapes

39
Q

Wines produced solely from PX and Moscatel are sold as? Sugar content?

A

Vino Dulce Natural

180-500 g/l

40
Q

in 2000 the Consejo Regulador created two new categories for sherry wine of certified age

A

VOS (Very Old Sherry)= Vinum Optimum Signatum
Average age over 20yr, every 1L of sherry drawn 20L must retain

VORS (Very Old Rare Sherry)
Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum
30 yrs min 1L drwn 30 must remain

Tasting panel, only Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado, PX
Approval applies only to individual lot, not entire soldera

41
Q

Jerez has received dispensation to import PX must from this DO

A

DO, Montilla-Moriles

42
Q

Name two DO that reside outside of the sherry region who produce wines in the style of sherry along with a still wine DO

A

DO Málaga
DO, Montilla-Moriles
DO.Sierras de Málaga (still, dry)

43
Q

Venencia:

A

The traditional tool for tasting Sherry from the barrel. It looks like a cane with a small cup on the end.

44
Q

Copita:

A

traditional cup used for tasting sherry

Advanced Rd.2 July 2020 (14 decks)

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