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Cert/Adv - Spain > Sherry > Flashcards

Sherry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main city of Sherry?

A

Jerez de la Frontera

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2
Q

What are the two biggest Sherry export markets?

A

The Netherlands and Great Britain

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3
Q

What is “sherry”?

A

The English corruption of the word Jerez

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4
Q

What is Xeres?

A

The french counterpart for Sherry

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5
Q

Who is responsible for the paper seals on the sherry bottles?

A

Consejo Regulador

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6
Q

What are the 3 centers for sherry maturation?

A

Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
Puerto de Santa Maria

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7
Q

What is fino?

A

A dry sherry generally from Palomino grapes from albariza soil, tank fermented, under the blanket of flor, which protects it from oxidation.

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8
Q

What is the min/max alcohol for fino sherry?

A

15-17%

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9
Q

What is Manzanilla?

A

A fino style made in Sanlucar de Barrameda. They tend to be the lightest of sherries.

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10
Q

What is Amontillado?

A

A sherry that sees some oxidation due to the natural breaking of the flor. Barrel aged.

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11
Q

What is the min/max alcohol for Amontillado?

A

16-22%

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12
Q

What is Oloroso?

A

Sherry of varying style that is made from the deliberate breakup of the flor. Barrel aged.

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13
Q

What is the min/maxc alcohol for Oloroso?

A

17-22%

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14
Q

What is Palo Cortado?

A

A style of sherry that starts toward amontillado/fino, with natural flor breakup, but takes on a richness like Oloroso.

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15
Q

What is a cream/px?

A

Sweet sherries of sun dried grapes.

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16
Q

What is often used to protect the grapes from bacterial contamination?

A

sulfur dioxide

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17
Q

At what percent alcohol with PX and Moscatel musts be stopped?

A

Usually around 10%

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18
Q

What size barrel is usually used?

A

American 600 liter oak

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19
Q

What is the name for tiers in a solera?

A

Criadera

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20
Q

What’s the name for the extraction of a fraction of wine from the solera?

A

Saca

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21
Q

What is the maximum that can be taken out of a barrel?

A

35%

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22
Q

Explain the movement of wine in a solera.

A

First, the base wine stays on flor yeast for 1-2 years. Cask selections are made and transferred to the nursery,

Barrels in the top row are topped up with wines from the nursery.

Wine gets transferred down, row by row, to top up lower barrels, until they reach the bottom level.

Wines are gradually removed from bottom rows to be bottled, though the barrels are never completely emptied.

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23
Q

What are the 3 styles of Manzanilla Vino Generoso?

A

Fina
Pasada (Fino-Amontillado)
Olorosa

24
Q

What are the 4 styles of Vino Generoso de Licor?

A
  • Dry: 5-45 g/l residual sugar
  • Medium: 5-115 g/l residual sugar, usually produced from Amontillado
  • Pale Cream: 45-115 g/l residual sugar, usually produced from Fino
  • Cream: 115-140 g/l residual sugar, usually produced from Oloroso
25
Q

What is Vino Dulce Natural?

A

naturally sweet wine fortified after partial fermentation of “sunned” (soleo) grapes, often bottled varietally as Pedro Ximénez or Moscatel

26
Q

What is the min/max alcohol of Pale Cream / Cream?

A

15.5 - 22%

27
Q

What is the age requirement for VOS (Vinum Optimum Signatum/Very Old Sherry)?

A

Minimum 20 years

28
Q

What is the age requirement for VORS (Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum/Very Old Rare Sherry)?

A

Minimum 30 years

29
Q

What is the pruning system used?

A

vara y pulgar (“stick and thumb”)

30
Q

What are the maximum yields?

A
  • Jerez Superior: 80 hl/ha

* Other Vineyards: 100 hl/ha

31
Q

What year was the Jerez DO established?

A

1933

32
Q

What does one stroke mean on a sherry barrel?

A

Best Wine, used for Fino, Manzanilla, Amontillado

33
Q

What does one stroke and a dot mean on a sherry barrel?

A

Full Bodied Wines used for Oloroso

34
Q

What does two strokes mean on a sherry barrel?

A

Not to be used for Fino and will be reclassified during development

35
Q

What does three strokes mean on a sherry barrel?

A

Poor quality, usually used for distillation

36
Q

What river is next to Jerez?

A

Guadalquivir

37
Q

What is levante?

A

A wind that blows from the east

38
Q

Where is Jerez Superior?

A

between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Guadalete River

39
Q

What is the largest pago in Jerez?

A

Macharnudo

40
Q

What is the actual method of vara y pulgar

A

The spurs alternate from year to year

41
Q

What does a gordura signify?

A

It’s a circle on the barrel that means the must is destined to be fortified to 17-18%, and will become Oloroso sherries

42
Q

What do the special sets of yeast in sherry do?

A

Metabolize glycerol, alcohol, and volatile acids.

43
Q

What is raya?

A

flor growth is anemic, or the protective yeast has died completely. The wine’s robust character is reinforced by further fortification to 17-18%, and the wine emerges from Sobretablas as an Oloroso

44
Q

What is dos rayas?

A

The wine’s flor has disappeared, but its character is rough and coarse. Characterized by high levels of volatile acidity, these wines are either blended and sweetened for lower quality Sherry or removed from the Sherry-making process, often finding new life as Sherry vinegar.

45
Q

When did sherry aging minimums decrease from 3 years to 2?

A

2010

46
Q

What is anada?

A

vintage

47
Q

What are the criadera requirements?

A

3-14

48
Q

What is the word for movement of wine?

A

trasiegos

49
Q

Which harvest is first? Fino or Manzanilla Fina?

A

Manzanilla Fina, by a week

50
Q

What is the base wine minimum abv?

A

17,5%

51
Q

What are the 3 common sweetening agents?

A

dulce pasa
dulce de almibar
mistela

52
Q

What is mistela?

A

partially fermented grape juice

53
Q

What is dulce pasa?

A

mistela produced from sunned Palomino

54
Q

What is dulce de almibar?

A

a blend of invert sugar and Fino

55
Q

What is the NA concoction produced by a combination of boiled, reduced syrup and fresh must?

A

vino de color

56
Q

When were VOS and VORS created?

A

2000

Cert/Adv - Spain (5 decks)

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