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Cert/Adv - Spain > General Info > Flashcards

General Info Flashcards

1
Q

Who brought viticulture (as a commodity) to Spain?

A

The Phoenicians around 1100 BCE, at the city of Gadir (Cadiz)

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2
Q

Who was responsible for the start of Spanish viticulture?

A

The Romans

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3
Q

In what style were the Spanish wines shipped to other regions?

A

rancio

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4
Q

How did Rioja affect other countries when phylloxera hit?

A

It started to supply consumers

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5
Q

What Spaniards famously learned in Bordeaux?

A

Marques de Riscal

Marques de Murrieta

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6
Q

Why did Spaniards use American oak?

A

Economic decision

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7
Q

Who are known Rioja traditionalists?

A

Lopez de Heredia
CVNE
La Rioja Alta
Berceo

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8
Q

Where and when was Cava created?

A

Latter half of 19th century, at San Sadurni d’Anoia

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9
Q

When did phylloxera come to Spain?

A

Around the turn of the 20th century

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10
Q

Under who and when did fascism take hold in Spain? When did he die?

A

Francisco Franco, late 1930s

1975

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11
Q

Who brought stainless-steel and temperature-controlled fermentations to Spain? When and where?

A

Miguel Torres

Catalonia, 1960s

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12
Q

When were the DO regulations approved?

A

1970

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13
Q

What does the C in DOC stand for?

A

Calificada

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14
Q

What is VCIG?

A

Vinos de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica

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15
Q

How many Vinos de Pago are there?

A

15

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16
Q

What is the Spanish Crianza age requirement?

A

Red: 2 years, 6 mos in cask
Red Rioja: 2 years, 1 year in oak
Red Ribera del Duero: 2 years, 1 year in oak

White: 18 months, 6 mos in cask
White Rioja: 2 years, 6 mos in oak

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17
Q

What is the Spanish Reserva age requirement?

A

Red: 3 years, 1 year in cask
Red Rioja: same
Red Ribera del Duero: same

White: 2 years, 6 mos in cask
White Rioja: same

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18
Q

What is the Spanish Gran Reserva age requirement?

A

Red: 5 years, 18 mos in cask
Red Rioja: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, min 2 in oak
Red Ribera del Duero: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, 2 in oak
Red Priorat: 5 years - min 3 in bottle, 2 in oak

White: 4 years, 6 mos in cask

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19
Q

What does Noble mean?

A

18 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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20
Q

What does Anejo mean?

A

24 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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21
Q

What does Viejo mean?

A

36 months aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character

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22
Q

What are the 3 autonomias of North Central Spain?

A

Navarra
La Rioja
Aragon

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23
Q

What mountains are to the northwest of North Central Spain?

A

Cantabrian Mountains

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24
Q

What is the river of Rioja?

A

Ebro

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25
Q

What is a tributary of the Ebro?

A

Oja

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26
Q

When was Rioja named a DOC?

A

1991

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27
Q

Who is Gonzalo de Berceo

A

A 13th century Benedictine clergymen who wrote praises of Rioja wine

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28
Q

What is the classic Rioja style?

A

soft, with muted red fruit, firm acidity and the unmistakable oak aromas of dill, vanilla and cedar.

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29
Q

What are the 3 traditional blending grapes of Tempranillo for Rioja?

A

Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, Garnacha

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30
Q

What grape was authorized in Rioja in 2007?

A

Maturana Tinta

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31
Q

What are the size of Rioja casks

A

225 liters

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32
Q

What is the minimum of authorized Rioja red grapes?

A

95%, 85% if destemmed

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33
Q

What is the principal white grape of Rioja?

A

Viura

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34
Q

What is the minimum allowed for white grapes in Rioja?

A

100%

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35
Q

What are the minimum grapes for Rioja Rosado?

A

Minimum 25% combined Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Garnacha Tinta, Maturana Tinta, Graciano

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36
Q

What are the 3 zones of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Baja

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37
Q

What is the smallest Rioja zone? What kind of wines does it often make?

A

Rioja Alavesa, joven wines often made by carbonic maceration

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38
Q

What is the soil of Alta and Alavesa?

A

mostly calcareous clay

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39
Q

What is the hottest subregion of Rioja?

A

Rioja Baja

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40
Q

What is the winery known for its avant-garde architectural design?

A

Ysios

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41
Q

Who created the new estate at Marques de Riscal

A

Architect Frank Gehry

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42
Q

Navarra is adjacent to what?

A

Northern and Eastern borders of Rioja

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43
Q

What are the major red grapes of Navarra?

A

Garnacha and Tempranillo

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44
Q

What are the 5 subzones of Navarra?

A 
Valdizarbe
Baja Montana
Tierra Estella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
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45
Q

What are the 4 DOs of Aragon?

A

Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Carinena
Somontano

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46
Q

What is the northernmost DO of Aragon?

A

Somontano

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47
Q

What is the wind that affects the Campo de Borja?

A

Cierzo

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48
Q

What does Somontano translate to?

A

“beneath the mountain”

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49
Q

What does Rias Baixas translate to?

A

“low estuaries”

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50
Q

What are the five subzones of Rias Baixas?

A 
Val do Salnes
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutomaior
O Rosal
Condado do Tea
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51
Q

If the wine is labeled Rias Baixas Albarino, what is the varietal minimum?

A

100%

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52
Q

If the Rias Baixas wine is labeled with a subzone, what is the varietal minimum?

A

70% Albarino for Val do Salnes or Ribeira do Ulla

70% Albarino/Loureira/Treixadura in O Rosal or Condado do Tea

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53
Q

Red wine in Rias Baixas is made from what grapes?

A

Caino
Espadeiro
Mencia

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54
Q

What is the river of Ribeiro?

A

Mino

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55
Q

What is the origin of the name of Ribeira Sacra?

A

The large concentration of churches

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56
Q

What is the main white grape of Ribeiro?

A

Treixadura

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57
Q

What is the main red grape of Ribeiro?

A

Caino

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58
Q

What is Vino Tostado?

A

A specialty wine of Ribeiro

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59
Q

What is the main white grape of Pais Vasco DO wines?

A

Ondarrabi Zuri

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60
Q

What is the main red grape of Pais Vasco DO wines?

A

Ondarrabi Beltza

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61
Q

What is the basque name for rosado wines?

A

Ojo de Gallo

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62
Q

What is Spain’s largest automania?

A

Castilla y Leon

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63
Q

Why were so many castles built in Castilla y Leon?

A

To repel the Moors in the early Middle Ages

64
Q

What is the arid central plateau of Spain?

A

Meseta Central

65
Q

What is the main river of Castilla y Leon?

A

Duero

66
Q

What is the main river of Bierzo?

A

Sil

67
Q

What is the minimum for Bierzo?

A

Min 70% Mencia for red, 50% for rosado.

68
Q

Who bottled Corullon? What is it?

A

Descendientes de Jose Palacios

Old-vine Mencia based wines sourced from mountainside schist soils.

69
Q

Who founded Vega Sicilia?

A

Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves

70
Q

Who was Vega Sicilia’s noteworth winemaker who achieved acclaim at the World’s Fair in Barcelona in 1917 and 1918?

A

Domingo Txomin

71
Q

Unico is a blend of what?

A

Tinto del Pais
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

72
Q

What was the second winery of Ribera del Duero to receive acclaim?

A

Pesquera

73
Q

How many producers were in Ribera del Duero when it became a DO? Now?

A

9

300

74
Q

What kind of wine is not allowed in Ribera del Duero?

A

White wine

75
Q

What Spanish white grape is easily prone to oxidation?

A

Verdejo

76
Q

What is Espumoso?

A

Sparkling wines

77
Q

What is Dorado?

A

oxidized, dry fortified wine

78
Q

What is the origin of Priorat’s name?

A

Priorato de Scala Dei, a Carthusian monastery founded on the site of a boy’s vision of angels ascending to heaven.

79
Q

What are the traditional varietals of Priorat?

A

Garnacha and Carinena

80
Q

What is Llicorella?

A

A mix of black slate and quartzite

81
Q

What are the 5 Clos wines of Priorat?

At what level were they first released?

A 
Clos Mogador - Barbier
Clos Dofi - Palacios
Clos Erasmus
Clos de l'Obac
Clos Martinet

Vino de Mesa

82
Q

What is Vino de Pueblo?

A

A Priorat village level category for estate-grown wines

83
Q

What DO almost entirely surrounds Priorat?

A

Montsant

84
Q

What was Monstant formerly a subzone of?

A

Tarragona

85
Q

Who is responsible for Raimat?

A

Manuel Raventos

86
Q

What are the 3 zones of Penedes?

A

Baix-Penedes
Medio-Penedes
Alt-Penedes

87
Q

How much of Cava is produced in Penedes?

A

95%

88
Q

What is the Medio-Penedes name for Tempranillo?

A

Ull de Llebre

89
Q

Who first created Cava?

A

Jose Raventos

90
Q

What are the age requirements for Cava

A

regular - 9 months
Reserva - 15 months
Grand Reserva - 30 months

91
Q

What borders Banyuls?

A

Emporda

92
Q

What are the two DO on the Balearic Islands?

A

Pla i Llevant

Binissalem Mallorca

93
Q

What are the DO of Valencia?

A

Valencia
Utiel Requena
Alicante

94
Q

What are the DO of Extremadura?

A

Ribera del Guadiana

95
Q

What are the DO of Murcia?

A

Bullas
Yecla
Jumilla (about half of it)

96
Q

What are the DO of Madrid?

A

Vinos de Madrid

97
Q

Where is paella from?

A

Valencia

98
Q

What is Alicante known for?

A

dessert wines

99
Q

What is Fondillon?

A

An Alicante solera-style oxidative dessert wine produced from overripe Monastrell, aged for at least 10 years.

100
Q

What is the main grape of Utiel Requena?

A

Bobal

101
Q

What does Doble Pasta mean?

A

Fermented and macerated with twice the amount of skin

102
Q

What’s unique to Jumilla?

A

Resisted phylloxera until the 1980s

103
Q

What is Tempranillo known as in La Mancha?

A

Cencibel

104
Q

Marques de Grinon has the assistance of who?

A

Michel Rolland

105
Q

What is the main grape of Almansa?

A

Monastrell

106
Q

What is the main grape of Mancheula

A

Bobal

107
Q

What does Valdepenas mean?

A

valley of rocks

108
Q

What culture is credited with transforming Andalucia?

A

The Moors

109
Q

Until when did the Moor culture persist in Jerez?

A

1492, the fall of Granada

110
Q

What British firms arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries to found bodegas?

A

Osbourne
Garvey
John Harvey (Domecq)

111
Q

When did Jerez become a DO?

A

1933

112
Q

What are the 3 towns of sherry production?

A

Jerez de la Frontera
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria

113
Q

What are the 3 authorized sherry grapes?

A

Palomino
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel

114
Q

What is the white soil of sherry?

A

Albariza

115
Q

What is barros?

A

clay

116
Q

What is arenas?

A

sandy soil

117
Q

For how long are Montilla Moriles grapes dried for? On what?

A

20 days

Esparto grass mats

118
Q

What kind of oak is the Montilla Moriles solera?

A

American

119
Q

What are the age categories for Malaga?

A 
Malaga Palido - m 6 mos
Malaga - 6-24 mos
Malaga Noble - 2-3 years
Malaga Anejo - 3-5 years
Malaga Transanejo - m 5 years
120
Q

How far off the coast are the Canary Islands?

A

700 miles

121
Q

What are the 2 DO on the Balearic Islands?

A

Binissalem

Pla i Llevant

122
Q

What and when was the first Canary Islands DO?

A

Tacaronte-Acentejo, 1992

123
Q

What are the grapes for Bierzo Tinto?

A

Minimum 70% Mencia

Others: Garnacha Tintorera

124
Q

What are the grapes for Bierzo Rosado?

A

Minimum 50% Mencia, plus Garnacha Tintorera and Palomino

125
Q

What are the GR for Ribera del Duero Tinto?

A

min. 75% Tinta del País, max. 5% Garnacha and Albillo Mayor

126
Q

What are the GR for Ribera del Duero Rosado?

A

Min 50% Tinta del Pais / Tinto Fino (Tempranillo), Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Albillo Mayor

127
Q

When was Ribera del Duero established?

A

1982

128
Q

What is the GR for Rueda Blanco?

A

Min 50% Verdejo

129
Q

What are the secondary grapes for Rueda Blanco?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Viura, Palomino Fino

130
Q

What are the GR for Tierra de Leon Blanco?

A

Min 50% Verdejo, Albarín Blanco (Albariño), Godello

131
Q

What are the GR for Tinto de Toro?

A

Min 75% Tinto de Toro (Tempranillo)

132
Q

What are the villages of Priorat?

A 
La Morera de Montsant
Gratallops
Bellmunt del Priorat
Escaladei
Porrera
Poboleda
La Vilella Baixa
La Vilella Alta
El Lloar
Masos del Terme de Falset
Solanes del Terme de El Molar
Torroja del Priorat
133
Q

What is the phrase on the label of village Priorat wines?

A

“Vi de la Vila”

134
Q

What is the must weight of Priorat Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolc Natural?

A

320 g/l

135
Q

What is the Priorat varietal minimum?

A

85%

136
Q

Vi de la Vila has what requirement?

A

Min 60% recommended varieties, or min 50% if only one is present.

137
Q

What are the minimum alcohols in Priorat?

A
  • Blanc: 13%
  • Rosado: 13%
  • Tinto: 13.5%
  • Vino Rancio/Vino Dulce Natural/Mistela: 15%
138
Q

When was Priorat DOCa established?

A

2009, it was a DOQ in 2000

139
Q

What regions can produce Cava?

A

Aragón, Basque Country, Catalonia (Catalunya), Extremadura, La Rioja, Navarra, Valencia

140
Q

What are the white grapes of Cava?

A
  • Recommended: Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel-lo

* Authorized: Chardonnay, Subirat Parent (Malvasia)

141
Q

What are the red grapes of Cava?

A

Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnacha Tinta, Trepat (Trepat may only be used for rosé)

142
Q

What are the minimum alcohols for Cava?

A
  • Base Wines: 9.5-11.5%

* Cava: 10.8-12.8%

143
Q

What are the Sweetness levels for Cava?

A
  • Brut Nature: 0-3 g/l
  • Extra Brut: 0-6 g/l
  • Brut: 0-12 g/l
  • Extra Dry (Extra Seco): 12-17 g/l
  • Dry (Seco): 17-32 g/l
  • Semi-Dry (Semi-Seco): 32-50 g/l
  • Sweet (Dulce): 50+ g/l
144
Q

What are the permitted vine training systems for Cava?

A
  • En Vaso

* En Espaldera (Trellis): Cordón (simple or double) or Vara y Pulgar (simple or double)

145
Q

When was Cava DO established?

A

1986

146
Q

Montsant Vino Vimblanc is made from what?

A

100% Pansa

147
Q

What are the Subzones of Rias Baixas?

A 
Val do Salnés
Ribeira do Ulla
Soutomaior
O Rosal
Condado do Tea
148
Q

What 3 regions is Rioja in?

A

La Rioja
Navarra
Pais Vasco

149
Q

What is the principle white grape of Rioja?

A

Viura

150
Q

What are the secondary red grapes of Rioja?

A

Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta

151
Q

What is the minimum potential alcohol in Rioja?

A
  • White Grapes: 10.5%

* Red Grapes: 11%

152
Q

Is chaptalization allowed in Rioja?

A

no

153
Q

When was Rioja DOCa established?

A

1991

154
Q

What are the permitted training methods in Rioja?

A

Cordon (single or double), “en vaso” (bush vines), “vara y pulgar”, Double Guyot (the latter may be used for all white varieties except Viura, Malvasía, and Garnacha Blanca.)

155
Q

What are the subzones of Navarra DO?

A 
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
Baja Montaña
Tierra Estella
Valdizarbe

Cert/Adv - Spain (5 decks)

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