Sheep Goat Nutrition Flashcards
compare sheep and goat foraging style, palate, insulation, and rumen space during pregnancy
sheep are mainly grazers, goats mainly browsers
sheep have softer palate than cattle, and goats softer palate than sheep
goats have lower cold tolerance with their hair coat than sheep to with wool coat
both: profligacy impacts rumen space during pregnancy
dry ewes and does can eat ___% of BOW, while lambs and kids can eat 5-10% of BW
3-5%; 5-10%
in late pregnancy, how often should sheep/goats be fed
need access to food 24/7, since not much capacity in rumen
concentrates provided 2x to self feed
lambs and kids can eat up to ___% concentrate when fed free choice
90%
what are some considerations for feed quality for sheep and goats
- very coarse feeds will cause discomfort to palate, so will be sorted out; need ot use soft, leafy forages
- protein levels 12-18% depending on stage of life (creep 18%, grover 16%, mature 12-14%, pregnant and lactating 14-18%)
- high digestibility
should you test forages, bales, concentrates, and water?
- all forages should be tested
- bales, sample with a probe, 12-20 core samples from same field
- concentrates can be more consistent, can use local averages if testing data unavailable
- water should be tested because minerals can affect nutritional balance
how should supplemental minerals be provided
all sheep and goats need supplemental minerals!
can give as: TMR rations, complete supplement pellets, loose minerals, mineral tubs/licks, mineral blocks, injectables, boluses
what is gold standard for evaluating gminral levels in a flock or herd
mineral testing on liver samples; note liver samples CAN be frozen*
plasma samples are less accurate.
Adequate _____ intake is required year round and is dependent on levels present in soil and plants (e.g may need soil testing and targeted fertilization) and subsequently the plants as well as stage of production of the animals
(eg. pregnant and lactating females on nutrient deficient forages need the highest level of supplementation)
mineral
grazing animals rarely require additional vitamins _______
vitamins A or D
_______ levels in forages and mineral supplements deteriorate over time in storage
vitamin
Confinement fed animals or during winter require supplemental vitamins ______ because _________
vitamins A and D because stored forage vitamin levels decline over time
(can’t change the fact that levels in stored hay will decline, but we can use small, fresh quantities of mineral supplements and store in airtight lidded plastic pails to ensure good quality)
Prolific ewes with Pregnancy toxemia may also be ______-deficient on grass hays and concentrates because _______
calcium;l high demand for calcium of multiple feti
what is the ideal Ca:P ratio
2:1, but up to 4:1 Ca:P
Urinary calculi can be prevented or minimized by correct management of what ratio
Ca:P ratio
what are 3 sources of calcium
forages, especially legumes like alfalfa
high calcium mineral run
regular mineral
hard water
what are 3 sources of phosphorous
grain
grain alternatives
mineral supplements
__ ppm selenium is the maximum allowed without a feed script and is generally adequate for small ruminants
30 ppm
selenium deficiency is associated with what disease and is rare if correct minerals are fed consistently
white muscle disease
______ vitamin has significant impact on fertility, libido, and neonatal vigor
vitamin E
prophylactic vitamin E dose is ____ and treatment is ____
2.5 mg/kg; 5.0 mg/kg
prophylactic Se dose is ______, for newborn is ______
0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg BW; for newborn is Dystosel 3 mg/ml: 0.25 mL or 0.75 mg
selenium / vit E products injectables are labelled for ________, but ok to use on ____ also
sheep; goat
________for neonate ruminants supplies sodium selenite, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D3 orally
Vitaferst-Care
