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FWS KEB_2025 Main > Shaded paragraphs > Flashcards

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1
Q

Clovis

A

King of Franks 500

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2
Q

Ban de Vendages

A

Prescribed picking date

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3
Q

Claret

A

Light red exported to England Middle Ages

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4
Q

Renaissance weather

A

Very cold 17-19c => sparkling wine

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5
Q

Napolean code

A

Land divided between children => negociants

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6
Q

Universal exposition

A

1855 Classification

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7
Q

Provinage/Marcottage

A

Burying cane or layering to replace vines

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8
Q

Vigne en foule

A

Vines in a crowd

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9
Q

French wine production 1800s

A

Fell 84m => 23m

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10
Q

France in export country by value

A

Top

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11
Q

France in wine production

A

Second after Italy (ex juice)

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12
Q

France in volume exported

A

Third - after Italy and Spain

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13
Q

France in vineyard area

A

Third - after Spain and China

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14
Q

Formation of Massif Central and Amoricain

A

200-65m years ago
Older rocks

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15
Q

Rift Valley

A

Graben
Bedrock dropped between 2 faults

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16
Q

Slope aspect

A

Drainage
Mid slope
East facing=morning sun (warm quickly)
West facing=evening sun (temp extremes)
South facing= back to north, most sunshine

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17
Q

right bank/left bank

A

Facing direction of flow

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18
Q

Warming effect of fringes

A

1-2% warmer
Frost protection

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19
Q

Gulf stream

A

Faourable wind from west

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20
Q

Photosynthesis extremes

A

Stomata
under 10
over 35

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21
Q

Great cold weather

A

1709, 1956

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22
Q

Wind speed

A

Gale 38-45mph
Hurricane 73mph

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23
Q

Noble rot impact

A

Reduce sugar by 1/3
Drop acids
Drop water
=> increase extract

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24
Q

Good years come in….

A

Twos

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25
Q

Alsace there is Zind-Humbrecht, Domaine Weinbach, Kreydenweiss, Josmeyer.
Bourgogne there is Domaine Leroy, Jean-Louis Trapet, Domaine Leflaive, Domaine Comtes Lafon.
Champagne there is Champagne Jacques Selosse, Champagne Fleury.
Loire there is Nicolas Joly, François Chidaine.
Rhône there is Chapoutier, Domaine Montirius.
Roussillon there is Domaine le Roc des Anges.

A

Biodymanic producers

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26
Q

Meyer, Joly, Bourgignon

A

Biodymic people

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27
Q

Chaptalisation sugars

A

Beet sugar
Cane sugar

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28
Q

Maceration pelliculaire

A

White wine
Skin contact

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29
Q

Cause of brett

A

Yeasts
Brettanomyces

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30
Q

1 Bentonite (clay): bonds with proteins
2 Gelatin: bonds with tannin
3 Egg White: bonds with tannin
4 Casein: bonds with tannin

A

Fining agents

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31
Q

Micro-oxygenation

A

Patrick Ducorneau
1991
Madiran

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32
Q

Alsace route de vin

A

170km trek
Oldest wine route
Marlenheim to Thann

33
Q

AOC

A
  1. Come from a delimited area
  2. Be made from a list of authorized grape varieties
  3. Adhere to a maximum permitted yield and achieve a minimum alcohol level
  4. Abide by strict regulations with regard to pruning, harvesting, winemaking and aging
34
Q

1941 Alsace vineyards

A

30% French-American hybrids
German occupied

35
Q

Prestige, Reserve, Resere Personnelle

A

Non regulated label terms in Alsace

36
Q

Lorraine

A

Small wine region west of Alsace
2 AOcs
Auxerroise, Pinot Gris, Muller-Thurgeau
Pinot Noir

Rose/vin gris tradition

37
Q

Sur lattes

A

Champagne
Aging on the thin strips of wood
Selling sur lattes - before labelling

38
Q

Reims

A

Royal city
Baptism Clovis

39
Q

Troyes fact

A

Looks like a champagne cork

40
Q

Belemnite and Micraster

A

Generally same - but Belemite mid slope (better)
Belemite = dart like squid
Mircarster=sea urchins

41
Q

Kimmeridgean marl

A

Oyster
Cotes de Bar
Loire - Centre
Chablis
Auxerre

42
Q

Tours sur Marne

A

Grand Cru
Valle du Marne or Montagne de Reims

43
Q

When to drink Champagne

A

2-3 years release
…or Late disgorged

44
Q

NM, RM, RC. SR, CM, MA, ND

A

N.M.: Négociant-Manipulant.
Term describing a champagne producer who incorporates grapes purchased from others in the Vinification process. He may also be using his own fruit. All the big champagne houses are NMs.

R.M.: Récoltant-Manipulant.
Term describing a champagne producer vinifying only his or her own estate-grown grapes. An RM does not purchase grapes from others.

R.C.: Récoltant-Coopérateur.
Term referring to a grape grower affiliated with a winemaking co-operative cellar. An RC brings his or her grapes to the co-operative which vinifies them. The RC then retrieves the finished wine and sells it under his or her private label.

S.R.: Société de Récoltants.
Term referring to a group of grape growers who jointly vinify and sell one communal or several communal brands.

C.M.: Coopérative de Manipulation.
Term referring to a co-operative cellar which vinifies the grapes of its member growers.

M.A.: Marque Auxiliaire, Marque d’Acheteur or Marque Autorisée.
Term referring to a private label for wine registered by any individual, group or society (restaurant, wine store, supermarket etc) with the purpose of selling to their Customers or members; the source for that private label could be any of the types of producers listed above.

N.D.: Négociant-Distributeur.
Term referring to a wine buyer who purchases finished wines, gives them his or her Own private label and sells them through numerous channels

45
Q

Dukes of Burgundy

A

The Dukes of Burgundy.
Philippe the Bold: He Ruled from 1363 to 1404 and outlawed Gamay in an attempt to promote Pinot Noir.
John the Fearless: He Ruled from 1404 to 1419 and He was the appointed guardian of the future King of France and assassinated for being power-hungry.
Philippe the Good: He Ruled from 1419 to 1467 and captured Joan of Arc and surrendered her to the English. He also established the Hospices de Beaune, a charity hospital for common people.
Charles the Rash: He Ruled from 1467 to 1477 and died attempting to conquer Alsace and Lorraine.

46
Q

Hail shield

A

Protection against frost in Burgundy

47
Q

Negociants in Burgundy

A

266

3,577 domaines

48
Q

Cotes de Couchois

A

DGC of Burgundy AOC
Recognised as unique area
Red only

49
Q

Eminent and Grand Eminent

A

Cremant de Bourgogne
Eminant 24/12
Grand Eminant 36/12, brut >10%abv, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir only, Gamay for Rose allowed, only 1st 75% of juice

50
Q

La Moutonne

A

Climat on Grand Cru hill in Chablis
Monopole
unofficial 8th Grand Cru

51
Q

Chatillonnais

A

Included in Regional Burgundies
Cremant

52
Q

Terra Vitis

A

Beaujolais
Sustainable winegrowing
700 members

53
Q

Beaujolais Nouveau

A

96 villages
2/3rds=Beaujolais (not viallages)
20% production
Hand harvest
Semi carbontic maceration

May be red or rose
3rd Thurs in Nov

54
Q

Coteaux du Lyonnais

A

Small AOC south of Beaujolais (nr Lyon)
Chardonnay/Gamay

55
Q

Jurassic period

A

From Jura Mountains
200 mya

56
Q

Reculee

A

Blind valley

57
Q

Ouille/Sous Voile

A

Reductive=Ouille (Nature in Arbois) - normally not chardonnay
Oxidative= Sous Voile (Vin Jaune), Chardonnay (Tradition in Jura)

58
Q

Clavelin

A

620ml bottle
Jura

59
Q

Mont Granier

A

Savoy
1248
Apremont and Abyss DGCs

60
Q

CAAPG

A

Pierre Galet
Obscure native Savoy varieties

61
Q

Bugey

A

2 AOCs Near Savoy
White, red, rose, sparkling
Chardonnay and Gamay
3 DGCs
Rousette du Bugey- 2 DGCs

62
Q

Loire

A

Longest river in France
means silt
Fast flowing

63
Q

Sur Lie

A

Pays Nanatais
Bottled between 1 March and 31 Dec after harvest

64
Q

Tuffeau

A

Turonian Chalk
Soft and pourous
White Anjou

65
Q

La Doucer Angevin

A

Climate around Angers Loire near Anjou/Layon vineyards

66
Q

Chaine des Puys

A

Chain of extinct volcanoes in Upper Loire

67
Q

Bordeaux wine trade

A

70% sold through wine traders
Most top marks sold en primeur
56% consumed in France
29 co-ops for about half growers

68
Q

Haute Valeur Enviromentale

A

Supports Enviromental Practices
100% Bordeaux winemakers achieve this or similar

69
Q

When to drink Bdx

A

5-7 years - or later for better

70
Q

Where is the word Gascony derived from

71
Q

Episode Cevenol

A

Languedoc
Cevennes mountains
Rain for days

72
Q

Parallelee 45

A

Wine from Nicholas Jaboulet
Rhone
45th parallel

73
Q

Mistral top speed

74
Q

Which is more vintage consistent - northern or Southern Rhone

A

Southern
Unpredictable weather

North more consistent than Northern Beaujolais and Burgundy

75
Q

Flute a corset

A

Provencal wine bottle

76
Q

Cotes de Provence Cru Classe

A

1955
23 estates
now 18 (14 members of Club)
No new vineyard land

77
Q

Vin Cuit

A

Palette in Provence
Cooked grape must
Chrsitmas Eve

78
Q

Esca

A

Vine trunk disease
Fungus in pruning cuts
Corsica
Jura

79
Q

Falvesence duree

A

Leafhoppers
Feed on grapevines
Dont make canes

FWS KEB_2025 Main (24 decks)

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