Languedoc-Roussillon * Flashcards by Katherine Brandenstein

What is North, South, East and West

Locate Languedoc - Roussillonon a map of France

Far South West of France
N=Gascony
East=Rhone and Provence
South=Med/Spain
West= Spain

Roussillon nearer to Spain

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14 + 4

What are the main AOCs of the Languedoc

Languedoc

Clairette du languedoc,
Picpoul de Pinet

Pic Saint-Loup
Terrasses du Larzac

Faugeres
Saint-Chinian
Minervois
Minervois-La-Liviniere

La Clape
Corbières,
Corbierieres-Boutenac
Fitou

Cabardes
Malepere

Limoux
Cremant de Limoux

Muscat de Lunel
Muscat de Mireval
Muscat de Frontignan
Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois

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What are the main AOCs of Roussillon

Collioure (white, rosé, red)
Côtes du Roussillon (white, rosé, red)
Côtes du Roussillon Villages (red)
AOP Côtes du Roussillon Villages…..
……Latour de France (red)
…..Lesquerde (red)
…..Caramany (red)
……Tautavel (red)
……. Les Aspres (red)
Maury Sec (red)

Muscat de Rivesaltes
Rivesaltes
Maury (for fortified)
Banyuls
Banyuls Grand Cru

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What are the topographical divisions of Languedoc

Foothills and Mountains
Coastal plains
Atlantic corridor

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What are the topographical divisions of Roussillon

Located in the eastern part of the Eastern Pyrenees ‘département’, the Roussillon amphitheatre is open to the Mediterranean on one side and surrounded by three mountain ranges: the Corbières to the North, the Pyrenees – with Mount Canigou – to the West, and the Albères to the South.

Three main rivers cross Roussillon’s vineyards to meet the sea.

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What are the meso-climatic divisions of Languedoc

The climate in all but the far western limits of the Languedoc (where Atlantic influence is apparent) is definitively mediterranean and one of the major viticultural hazards is drought
Wind is common throughout the growing season, with the tramontane bringing cool air from the mountains.

Cooler in hills

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What are the meso-climatic divisions of Roussillon

Roussillon enjoys a perfect Mediterranean climate with dry, hot summers, and mild autumns and winters. Roussillon is France’s sunniest wine region with 2,530 hours (316 days) of sunlight on average each year. Rainfall is low (500-600mms a year) and mostly brought by thunderstorms in the spring and autumn.

8 different types of wind blow across the wine growing area and, one day out of three, the mighty Tramontane, a dominating north wind, sweeps through the land

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List examples of how forward-thinking Languedoc has been in embracing change - climatic and economic

1 Water management
2 Grape Varieties - rapid replanting after phylloxera
3 Biodiversity
4 Enviromental projects

5 Co-ops
6 Return to Terroir

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What is an ‘Episode Cevenol’

A Cévenol episode is a meteorological phenomenon that mainly occurs in the Cévennes (France) and its surrounding area. It consists of very violent and highly localised storms, accompanied torrential rain, in most cases causing, flooding.

weather phenomenon generally happens in autumn, when warm, moisture-laden air hovering over the Mediterranean blows inland as a south wind in conjunction with a depression/low pressure system Over the Bay of Biscay to the west. This south wind is then blocked by the Cévennes, which have already developed a cold air mass midst their peaks by this time of year. The on-going collision between trapped hot and cold air masses forms and re-forms clouds which drop heavy rains that can last for days, unleashing very high levels of precipitation and causing damaging floods before the Mistral and the Tramontane winds re-establish themselves and clear the skies.

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What is Garrigue

1 low-lying vegetation that grows wild in sun-scorched limestone soils
2 a variety of aromatic, resinous herbs like rosemary, sage, bay leaves and thyme. It also includes shrubs like juniper and artemisia as well as lavender and mint.
3 aromatic compounds found in both plants and wine called terpenes. Alpha-pinene, the terpene most associated with garrigue, is linked to coniferous plants like pine trees, but also juniper, rosemary, sage, lavender and other plants common to Mediterranean climates.

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What are the major soil types of Languedoc-Roussillon and where are they found

Between Nîmes, Perpignan and Carcassonne, there are a variety of different terroirs. Roussillon’s clay-limestone terraces and schistous massifs are juxtaposed with coastal terraces where the Pyrenees meet the Mediterranean Sea. The diverse soils, studded with round river stones and limestone, produce a variety of different wines with many assorted aromas, even within a single appellation. In general, the sedimentary sand and limestone soils are located on the coast, while the schistous soils are located in the mountainous parts of the regions.

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What are the main red grapes of Languedoc

Grenache
Mourvedre
Syrah
Carignan
some Cinsault

Merlot
Cab Sav

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What are the main white grapes of Languedoc

Bourboulenc
Clairette
Mauzac
Picpoul
Muscat

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Describe the viticultural practices of Languedoc

how they have changed,

The Languedoc is the land of the proud peasant farmer. The size of the average holding is small, and usually much divided between parcels inherited from various different branches of the family. Basic, straggling bush vines still predominate, although an increasing proportion of vines, especially the newer international varieties, are being trained on wires. irrigation is theoretically permitted only within strictly specified limits, and in practice only the best and the worst producers tend to have any form of available irrigation system. The flatter, larger vineyards lend themselves to mechanical harvesting but their parcellation, and ripping out, has slowed the inevitable invasion. The region is by no means free of fungal diseases and some sprayings are usually necessary.

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Describe mutage

Making sweet wines

Term derived from French (muté = silent) for stopping fermentation by adding alcohol to the fermenting must. In this state the must is called “Vin muté”. If the fermenting grape mash is doused with the alcohol, it is called “mutage sur grains”.

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Describe Corbieres AOC

This giant of the Languedoc is one of the largest wine appellations in France (4th largest). It received AC status in 1985. To distinguish the wines, Corbières is divided into 11 terroirs or zones such as Sigean, Lézignan, Boutenac and Lagrasse.
The “terroirs” produce mainly red wines. The grape variety is Carignan for about 50%, blended with small amounts of Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvèdre and Syrah. Small quantities of rosé are made from these same red varieties and a miniscule amount of white wine is produced, mainly from Bourboulenc, Clairette, and Grenache Blanc. The red wines are rich and, spicy, full body and fruity and considered best. And since the introduction of carbonic maceration, they are big and full-bodied, yet have a fruitiness that does not exist in the older traditionally made wines.
Although competing now with Côteaux du Languedoc and Saint-Chinian, Corbières wines still offer good value. Soils - Limestone, marl, sandstone. Climate - The Mediterranean predominates, as can be seen in the typical vegetation of the garrigue, although the more westerly terroirs are also affected by oceanic influences. Traditional vinification and carbonic maceration are utilized, but increasingly, red wines are being matured in oak.
Reds and Roses
Min 50% Syrah, Grenache, Lladoner Pelut an d Mourvedre, plus Picpoul Noir Carignan, Terret Noir and max 20% Cinsaut
Whites
Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Maccabeo, Marsanne, Roussanne and Rolle plus max 10% Clairette, Muscat, Picpoul, Terret
Rosé
Min 50% Grenache, Llandoer Pelut, Mourvèdre and Syrah, plus Carignan, Picpouol Noir, Terret Noir, Carigan(max 10%); max 10% of Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Macabeo, Marsanne, Roussanne and Vermentino; max 10% Clairette, Muscat, Picpoul and Terret

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Describe Clairette de Belleregarde AOC

Appellation situated between Nimes and Arles
Min 11% abv
Exclusively whites from 100% Clairette

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Describe Costieres de Nimes AOC

Similar makeup to the wines of the Rhône
Reds
Max 40% each Carignan and Cinsaut, min 25% Grenache and min 20% combined or solo Mourvèdre and Syrah
Min 11%abv
Whites
May be sold after December 1st of year of harvest with no mention of premieur
Grenache, Bourboulenc, Macabeo, Roussanne, Vermentino and Marsanne; plus max 10% Viognier, Clairette, Muscat, Picpoul and Terrret
Min 11%abv
Rosé
Min 50% Grenache, Llanoder Pelut, Mourvèdre and Syrah; max 20% Carignan and max 10% Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Macabeo, Marsanne, Roussanne and Vermentino; plus max 10% Clairette, Muscat, Picpoul and Terret
Min 11%abv

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Describe Languedoc AOC

Min 11.5% abv
Reds
Min 50% Grenache (alone 40%) Llanoder Pelut, Mourvèdre and Syrah(these two min 10% of blend); max 40% of either Carignan or Cinsaut; max 10% Counoise, Grenache Gris, Terret and Picpoul
Rosé
Min 50% Grenache (alone 40%) Llanoder Pelut, Mourvèdre and Syrah(these two min 10% of blend); max 40% of either Carignan or Cinsaut; max 10% Bourbolenc, Carignan Blanc, Clairette, Counoise, Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeo, Picpoul, Picpoul Noir, Marsanne, Roussanne, Terret Blanc, Terret Noir, Ugni Blanc and Vermentino
Whites
May be sold after December 1st of year of harvest with no mention of premieur
Bourbolenc, Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Bourboulenc, Picpoul Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Vermentino with max 30% Macabeo, Terret Blanc, Carignan Blanc and Ugni Blanc
14 Villages able to append their name to AOC Coteaux de Languedoc

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Where is Languedoc

France’s southwestern Mediterranean coast.

Rhone and Roussilon
Massif Central and Pyrennes
Atlantic corridor

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What is the climate of the Languedoc

Mediterranean

Violent rain storms
Much sunshine
Dry North and westerly Tramontane wind
Moisture laden southerly winds

More diurnal in mountainous areas

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What is an episode Cevenol

Autumn

Cevennes Mountain

South moisture-laden wind from Med
Encouraged by depression in Bay Biscay to West
Blocked by Cevennes (cold mountain air)
Clouds drop rain for days
Can damage crops
Mistral and Tramontane winds then reestablish

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Which are the 3 topographical areas of the Languedoc

Coastal Plains
Hillsides and Mountains
Atlantic corridor

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Which area is planted to high yoieding grapes

Coastal plains

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What soils like Garrigue

Limestone

What is the overall climate of Languedoc?  Maritime Semi-Maritime Mediterranean Continental

Mediterranean

What is an Épisode Cévenol? An ancient mountain creating era A repeated ancient sea-flood A weather phenomenon generally happening in autumn A hot drought lasting many years

A weather phenomenon generally happening in autumn

What was the Via Domitia

Roman road linking Gaul to Italy and Spain Vines planted either side

Whose marriage in 1137 merged the kingdom of Aragon with the County of Barcelona to become the Crown of Arargon

Petronilla of Aragon and Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona

Which lands fell under the Crown of Araragon

Large areas of Spain Balearic Islands Sardinia Much of South Western France Languedoc 1204-1349

Who was Arnaud de Villeneuve

Under Aragonese rule Physician and Alchesmist Lived in Montpelier Added spirit to fermenting must in order to make a stable sweet wine. This technique – known as mutage made VDNs

How did Languedoc get its name

It was the where the langue d'oc was spoken Occitain language spoken over much of southern France + Basque

Where was first sparkling wine said to have been made

Languedoc Abbey of Saint-Hilaire, near Limoux – not far from Carcassonne The monks of the Abbey Saint-Hilaire are said to have created their sparkling wine – Blanquette de Limoux – in 1531.

When did the canal du midi open and which cities does it connect

1681 Sete to Bordeaux (via Garonne) Originally to Toulouse

Who were the prime trading partners of the Languedoc in 17c

Dutch sweet whites for Branjewin Brandy for Napoleon's army

A second canal was constructed in 1856 linking Toulouse to Castets-en-Dorthe – just south of the port city of Bordeaux. What was it called

Canal de la Garonne

What was the significant change in trade in 18c

Train transport meant cheap wines could be shipped easily to Northern France Production in Languedoc quadrupled

Whihc was the first region to replant on American rootstocks

Languedoc

Who was France's largest wine region in 1900

Languedoc

Which was the first French wine cooperative

Maraussan Co-operative The first French wine co-operative was founded in 1905 in Maraussan near Béziers in Languedoc. Some co-operatives in Alsace are older – but Alsace was part of Germany at the time:

Approx how many co-ops in Languedoc at present and how much of the region's production do they represent

150 70%

Which is the largest winemaking region in Southern France

Languedoc-Roussilon

How many departments were combined inot Languedoc-Roussilon

5 4 of Languedoc and i from Roussilon

What is the regional IGP of Languedoc-Roussilon

Pays d'Oc

What % of production are AOCs in Languedoc Roussilon

10% 74% is IGP 16% is Vin de France

The monks of the Abbey of Saint-Hilaire are said to have produced France’s first sparkling wine in 1531. What is the wine called? Crémant de Limoux Blanquette de Veau Blanquette de Limoux Crémant de Languedoc

Blanquetter de Limoux

Which canal links the Mediterranean port of Sète to the Garonne River in Toulouse? Canal du Carcassonne Canal du Languedoc Canal de Garonne Canal du Midi

Canal du Midi

What are the main white grapes of Languedoc

Bourboulenc (La Clape) Clairette (La Clape) Mauzac Blanc (Blanquette, Limoux) Picquepoul (picquepoul de Pinet) Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc (VDNs)

Which is the most well known gris grape used Languedoc's AOCs

Grenache Gris

What are the main red grapes of the Languedoc

Grenache Noir (normally blended) Syrah Mourvedre

Which is the main white variety in the wines of La Clape? Clairette Bourboulenc Mauzac Blanc Chardonnay

Bourboulenc

Which red grape is enjoying a surge in popularity in Languedoc? Lledoner Pelut Cinsaut Fer Servadou Carignan

Carignan

Name the two main VTS in the Languedoc

Gobelot (Traditional) Guyot (Modern)

Drought is a problem in Languedoc - what is being doing to address the problem

Drought resistant rootstocks Irrigation (with permission)

Climate change has led to some changes in viticulture - give 4 examples

Organic viticulture Mildew resistant grapes - (Souvignier Gris, Cabernet Cortis, Muscaris, Floréal and Soreli) New varieites and crosses for warmer climates Heritage grapes - Carignan Renaissance, Aramon and Aspiran Noir – also known as Rivairenc

How are roses normally made in Languedoc

Direct press or saignee

Some Limoux white wines undergo barrel fermentaion - True or False

True

Which grape often undergoes carbonic maceration to tame its aggressive tannins

Carignan

Which 2 methods of production are used for Languedoc's sparkling wines

Traditiona Method Ancestrale

What percentage of France’s organic vineyards are planted in Languedoc-Roussillon? 7% 16% 27% 38%

38%

What is the traditional training system used in Languedoc? Cordon Guyot Gobelet Pergola Lyre

Gobelet

Which are the top 3 AOCs by production in Langueoc

Corbieres 24% Languedoc 23% Minervois 9%

Can a Roussilon producer use Languedoc AOC

Yes - but not many choose to use it

How many DGCs does Langudeoc AOC have, and how many of those make white wine

11 None- all red wine only except for Cabrieres and Saint-Saturnin (rose)

Wines from AOC Languedoc include varitial bottlings of new authorised grapes - True or False

False Wines from AOC Languedoc have to be blends of at least two grape varieties

What is this a list of Cabrières, Grés de Montpellier, La Méjanelle, Montpeyroux, Pézenas, Quatourze, Saint-Christol, Saint-Drézéry, Saint-Georges-d’Orques, Saint-Saturnin and Sommières.

The 11 DGCs in Languedoc AOC

Which are the 10 need-to-know (non VDN) AOCs of the Western Languedoc

5 in the Atlantic corridor near the Canal du Midi Malepere Limoux Cremant de Limoux Cabardes 5 in the Mountains and Hillsides Minervois Minervois la Liviniere Fitou Corbieres Corbieries Boutenac

Fitou has 2 non-contiguous zones of production - Name them and what you would expect to find in a bottle

Fitou Maritime Haut Fitou Red wines only from Carignan and Grenache

Which is the largest non-regional appellation in the Languedoc and the 4th largest by volume in France.

Corbieres

Corbieres makes dry white, rose and red - but which of these is it best known for

Carignan based red wine

Boutenac is in the process of removing part of its current name. What do they wish to remove and how do its rules vary from that AOC

Removing Corbieres name - although it lies within Corbieires zone Only red wines of which >30% must be Carignan and no one variety >80%. Corbieires can make white and rose Protected by Mountains

Which is the most westerly AOC of the Languedoc and what would you expect to find in a bottle of this wine

Malpere Mainly red (although could be rose) from Merlot, Cot and/or Cabernet Franc

What are Limoux AOC whites generally made from

Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Mauzac

Which of these staements about Limoux wines is incorrect a) Limoux AOC makes dry white and red wines and sparkling white b) Whites are made from Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Mauzac – all of which must be hand harvested, c) Red and white wines must be barrel fermented d) White wines cannot be sold until the November the year after harvest e) There must be at least three varieties in a red blend f) Red grapes must be hand harvested g) Red wines aged until 15 April after harvest h) Limoux reds are primarily Merlot

c - Red wines can be tank fermented d - white wines sold after May the year after harvest f - red grapes can be machine harvested

Cremant de Limoux is made as white or rose - True or False

True The rosé style is achieved by adding a minimum of 15% Pinot Noir to the assemblage.

What is a typical blend of Cremant de Limoux

Chardonnay plus Chenin, Mauzac, Pinot Noir

Which is the only AOC in Languedoc where there is an equal split between Mediterranean and Bordeaux varieties in the blends

Cabardes AOC Reds and roses from >40% Cab Sauv, Merlot and Cab Franc; and >40% Grenache/Syrah

Whcih Languedoc AOC is being described here The AOC makes dry white, rose and red. Soils are predominately clay and limestone with pockets of sandstone. Red wines tend to be Syrah-based with high proportions of Grenache and Mourvèdre. White wines must be made of 80% of the primary varieties. The vast majority of production here is red.

Minervois

Which is the AOC in the northern portion of Minervois and what type of wines do they make

Minervois-La Livinière AOC. It makes only red wines.

How does Blanquette de Limoux differ from Blanquette Methode Ancestrale

BdL= Mauzac and Cahrdonnay/Chenin BMA=100% Mauzac BdL= sur lie aging for 9/12 BMA= 2/12 aging BdL=around 12.5% BMA=6-7% BdL=dry BMA=delicate sweetness

Name all of the 10need to know AOCs (not VDNs) of the western Languedoc

Two in the Coastal Plains La Clape Picpoul de Pinet 5 in the Mountains and Hillsides Saint Chinian (DGC Saint Chinian Berlou DGC Saint Chinian Roquebrun) Faugeres Clairette du Languedoc Terraces du Larzac Pic-saint-Loup

La Clape is dominated by which mountains

The Massif da la Clape Large limestone outcrop

La Clape makes dry white, red and rose wines - True or False

False - no rose

Which AOC has been described as one one of the hottest, driest and sunniest parts of France

La Clape

La Clape is known for its red wines but which grape dominates its white wines

Bourboulenc

Which AOC is being described It produces more white wine than any other AOC in Languedoc. The vineyards descend to the large saltwater lake, Étang de Thau – the only barrier between the vines and the sea. The climate is influenced by year- round sea breezes which moderate temperatures. Despite a very narrow diurnal temperature swing, most of the grapes are harvested by machine at night to bring slightly cooler fruit into the winery. Co-operatives account for over 80% of production. Although most wines are fermented in stainless steel and bottled young to retain the wine’s delicate citrus aromas, barrel-aged styles are also produced.

Piquepoul de Pinet

Faugeres vineyards lie in the foothills of which mountain range

Cevennes

Faugeres wines must be a blend of at least 2 varieties but are they grape varieties normally found in Bordeaux or Rhone type blends?

Rhone White grapes: Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Lledoner Pelut

Which AOC makes semi-sweet and fortified white wines from Clairette

Clairette du Languedoc Most production is dry white

Which is the highest AOC in the Languedoc and therefore xperiences wide diurnal swings

Terrasses du Larzac

What type of wine in Terrasses of Larzac best known for?

Red wines which must be a blend of three varieties – typically Syrah, Grenache and Mourvèdre.

What % of Terrasses du Larzac vineyards are certified organic

50%

What is Pic Saint Loup and, other than wines, what type of vegetation would you find there

Mountain Garrigue

In Pic St Loup wines must be a blend of how many varieties

2 - Syrah always one of them

Languedoc AOC also covers the Roussillon vineyard area. True or False?

True

Which is the largest non-regional appellation in the Languedoc? Minervois Corbières Limoux Saint-Chinian Picpoul de Pinet

Corbieres

Name the 4 AOCs in Languedoc that make fortified wines

Muscat de Lunel (galets) Muscat de Mireval (can be Frontignac label) Muscat de Frontignan (seaside/powerful) Muscat de Saint-Jean de Minervois (sweeter/fragrant)

What are common between all the Languedocs fortifed muscats

Muscats a Petits Grains Reductive Hand Harvest No irrigation Min Alcohol 15% Min sweetness 11% (except St Jean de Minercois=12.5%)

Whcih AOC in Languedoc makes sweet fortified wines but not from Muscat a Petits Grains

Clairette du Languedoc AOC

One Languedoc AOC produces dry white, semi-sweet white and fortified white wines. Which AOC is that? Picpoul de Pinet Terrasses du Larzac Saint-Chinian Clairette du Languedoc Corbières Boutenac

Clairette du Languedoc

Three of the four Languedoc VDNs must have a minimum sweetness level of 11%/110 g/l R.S. The fourth VDN AOC requires a minimum of 12.5%/125 g/l R.S. – which AOC is that? Muscat de Lunel Muscat de Mireval Muscat de Frontignan Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois

Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois

How many IGPs in Languedoc

Which is France’s largest IGP and most exported IGP.

Pays d'Oc about half of Australia’s total production – or around one-third of that of the USA.

What is the split of red. white and rose in IGP Pays d'Oc

Red=54% White=25% Rose=21%

Which are the most commonly used grapes for varietal red wines in Pays d'Oc AOC

Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah – totaling over 80% of varietal Pays d’Oc reds.

Which are the most commonly used grapes for varietal white wines in Pays d'Oc AOC

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier – totaling nearly 85% of varietal Pays d’Oc whites.

Which are the most commonly used grapes for varietal rose wines in Pays d'Oc AOC

Grenache, Cinsaut, Syrah – totaling around 80% of varietal Pays d’Oc rosés.

Which are IPG Pays dOc production rules a) Pays d’Oc IGP wines require tasting approval b) Non-varietally labeled wines must consist of more than 50% primary grapes and less than 50% secondary grapes. c)Wines can be labeled with several grape varieties – if those grape varieties are principal grape varieties and if each constitutes at least 15% of the total. d)White grapes may be incorporated into red and rosé wine if red and white grape varieties are fermented together – and if the white grapes constitute no more than 20% of the final blend.

All of them

Pays d’Oc IGP wines which are not varietally labeled must contain more than what percentage of primary grapes? 40% 50% 60% 70%

50%

Pays d’Oc IGP wines which are not varietally labeled must contain more than what percentage of primary grapes? 40% 50% 60% 70%

92%

In Languedoc, the AOCs situated on the hills and mountains are considered to be higher quality than those on the plains – why?

Cooler temperatures than those on valley floor Maintains acidity Less fertile soils with this topsoils

Which AOC is made up of two separate zones of production within the southern part of Corbières? Limoux Minervois La Clape Fitou

Fitou

Which two Languedoc AOCs are known for single-varietal wines? Clairette du Languedoc Pic Saint-Loup Picpoul de Pinet La Clape Cabardès

Clairette du Languedoc Picpoul de Pinet

Which one of these AOCs is NOT in Languedoc’s Atlantic corridor? Cabardès Malepère Limoux Faugères

Faugeres

Which one of these AOCs is NOT in Languedoc’s Atlantic corridor? Cabardès Malepère Limoux Faugères

Mauzac

Which Languedoc AOC has Chenin Blanc as a Primary grape variety? Muscat Malepère Cabardès Limoux

Limoux

Which is the most westerly AOC in the Languedoc? Limoux Malepère Minervois Cabardes

Malpere

1 Languedoc, Faugères, Minervois, Saint-Chinian and Corbières 2 Picpoul de Pinet Cabardès, Malepère and Pic Saint-Loup 3 Terrasses du Larzac, Minervois-La Livinière, Corbières Boutenac and Fitou 4 La Clape 5 Clairette du Languedoc 6 Limoux 7 Crémant de Limoux a) can all make dry white, rosé and red. b) can only make dry whites. c) can all make red and rosé wines. d) can all only make red wines. E) can only make dry white and red wines. F) can only make dry white, semi-sweet white and fortified white wines. f) can make dry white, red and sparkling white wines. g) can make sparkling white and sparkling rosé wines.

All in order CHECK

What is the primary grape used in the production of Crémant de Limoux? Muscat Clairette Macabeu Chardonnay Terret Blanc

Chardonnay

The limestone outcrop known as the Falaise de l’Hortus (Cliff of Hortus) is found in which Languedoc AOC? Terrasses du Larzac Saint-Chinian La Clape Pic Saint-Loup Minervois-La Livinière Corbières Boutenac

Pic saint Loup

Which Languedoc AOC is in the foothills of the Cévennes mountains? Corbières Faugères Cabardès Minervois

Faugeres

Apart from the four VDN AOCs – none of Languedoc’s other AOCs permit the production of sweet wines True or False?

False Sweet and semi-sweet wines can be made in Clairette du Languedoc.

Which is not a definition of garrigue? The limestone soil The resinous herbs and scrub vegetation that grow on the limestone The climate that occurs around the limestone The aroma of the herbs when crushed underfoot

The climate

Match the AOC with the correct blending rules 1=Pic Saint-Loup 2=Malepere 3=Corbières Boutenac 4=Cabardès =red wines must contain at least 40% Merlot. =no one variety can be more than 80% – but at least 30% must be Carignan. =wines must be a blend of at least two varieties – with Syrah always being one of them. =reds must be least 40% Cab Sauv, Merlot &/or Cab Franc & at least 40% Grenache &/or Syrah.

Malepere=red wines must contain at least 40% Merlot. Corbieres Boutenec=no one variety can be more than 80% – but at least 30% must be Carignan. Pic St Loup=wines must be a blend of at least two varieties – with Syrah always being one of them. Cabardes=reds must be least 40% Cab Sauv, Merlot &/or Cab Franc & at least 40% Grenache &/or Syrah.

Which is the oldest and largest of the four Muscat VDN AOCs in Languedoc? Muscat de Frontignan Muscat de Mireval Muscat de Lunel Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois

Muscat de Frontignan

As of 2020, how many DGCs are there in Languedoc AOC? 2 7 11 17 21

Which of these is incorrect? Grenache: Garnacha Syrah: Samso Mourvèdre: Monastrell Carignan: Cariñena

Syrah:Samso

What styles of wine are produced in Limoux AOC. Select all that apply Dry white Semi-sweet white Sweet white Rosé Red Sparkling white

Dry white, Red and Sparkling white

Which is unique about Languedoc Cabrières and Saint-Satumin compared to all the other Languedoc DGCs? They make dry white wines as well as red They make sweet white wines as well as red They make rosé wines as well as red They only make red wines They make fortified white wines as well as red

Make rose wines as well as reds

Which Languedoc appellation claims to have first produced sparkling wine?

Limoux

How was the impact of phylloxera different in Languedoc compared to other French regions?

Replanted with American rootstock quickly

Which two appellations in Languedoc are known for producing single-varietal wines?

Picpoul de Pinet Clairette de Languedoc

Which grape variety is used in the production of Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale?

Mauzac 100%

What is an Épisode Cévenol?

Winds from South cause days of heavy rain in Autumn An autumnal weather phenomenon; trapped hot and cold air masses result in heavy rains that can last for days.

Languedoc has equal amounts of rainfall all year round. True or False?

False The rainy season is before and after the summer months and can arrive in the form of violent storms.

What are the three topographical zones of the Languedoc region?

Coastal Hillsides and Mountains Atlantic corridor

The VDN appellations of the Languedoc can be made reductively and/or oxidatively. True or False?

False - all reductively

Languedoc’s soils are fairly homogenous. True or False?

False Wide range including Limestone Granite and Schist

What is the western extremity of Languedoc known as?

Atlantic corridor here, Atlantic and Mediterranean weather patterns meet.

Most Languedoc red wines, at the AOC level, are single varietal. True or False?

False Most are blends including such grapes as Grenache, Syrah, Carignan and Mourvèdre.

Historically, what effect did the Bordelais have on the Languedoc wine trade?

Bordeaux linked by Canal du Midi Bordelais Limited sale of wines other than Bordeaux

In Languedoc, which grape variety is often fermented using Carbonic Maceration?

Carignan

Which grape variety is used in all Languedoc VDN AOCs?

Muscat a Petit Grains Blanc

What is “garrigue”?

Resinous vegetation on calcareous soils Aroma Soils

In what year was France’s first wine co-operative founded?

1905 in Maraussan near Beziers

What are the names of the two sections of the Fitou AOC?

Fitou Maritime Haut Fitou

In what year were Languedoc and Roussillon joined administratively?

1972

Which Roman road traversed through the Languedoc, connecting Spain and Italy?

Via Domitia

What percentage of France’s organic vineyards are found in the Languedoc?

38%

Who discovered mutage?

Arnaud de Villeneuve of Montpellier in 1285

What is the largest non-regional AOC in Languedoc in terms of geographic size?

Corbieres AOC

What are the two DGCs of the Saint-Chinian AOC?

Roquebrun Berlou

What is the most westerly appellation in Languedoc?

Malepere

Languedoc is currently experimenting with which two Greek grape varieties?

Agiorgitiko and Assyrtiko

Which Languedoc appellation has planted an equal split of Atlantic and Mediterranean grape varieties?

Cabardes

What are the 4 key red grapes of Languedoc

Grenache Noir Syrah Mourvedre Carignan

What are the 5 key white grapes of Languedoc

Bourboulenc Clairette Mauzac Blanc Picquepoul Muscat a Pettis Grains Blanc

What is the split in production between IGP, Vin de France and AOC

AOC=10% Vin de France=16% IGP=74%

How many authorised grape varities in Pays d'oc AOC

What borders Roussillon

Languedoc to the north and northeast, Spain to the south and the Mediterranean to the east.

Which 3 mountain ranges surround Roussillon

Corbieres Pyrennes Alberes Mountains The Corbières to the north, the Pyrenees – including Mount Canigou peak – to the west and the Albères Mountains – the eastern extension of the Pyrenees – to the south.

What weather effect do the 3 mountain ranges of Roussillon create

Ampitheatre Trapping heat, blocking inclement weather One of hottest areas in mainland France

Approx how many days sunshine a year does Roussillon recieve

300

What are viticultural challenges in Roussillon

Drought and winds - 8 types

What is the Tramontane

Wind from the north - dessicates berries - increasing sugar concentration Blows away disease

What are the 3 rivers of the Roussillon region- from North to South

Agly, Tet and Tech

What are the soils of the Roussillon region

Diverse - but much is iron-rich, sandy, red water-retainng clay

Match the site type with the grape varieties Red - White alluvial plains- higher stonier sites

White=alluvial plains Red=higher stonier sites

What is the climate of Roussillon? Maritime Semi-Maritime Mediterranean Continental

Mediterranean

Which mountain range forms the northern boundary of Roussillon? Pyrenees Corbières Albères Alps

Corbieres

Which region, between the 12th and the 17th centuries, was successively part of the Kingdom of Aragon, and the Kingdom of Majorca under James the Conqueror

Roussillon

When did Roussillon return to Aragon rule

1349

When did Roussillon become French again

1659 End of Franco-Spanish war Treaty of Pyrennes

Why did Roussillon come to viticulture later than Languedoc

Difficult terrain (rugged topography)

What are the French equivalents of these grape names Carinena Macabeo Mataro/Monastrell

Carignan Macabeu Mourvedre

how have Roussillon's wines evolved from rustic reds

to finer reds More temperature control

Which were the first Roussilon AOCs in 1936

Rvesaltes Banyuls Maury

What % of France's VDNs are produced in Roussillon

80%

What are the 3 top AOC/IGPs s of Roussillon

Cotes de Roussillon AOC (25%) Cotes Catalanes IGP (25%) Pays d'Oc IGP (13%) next AOCs are Muscat de Rivesaultes Cotes de Roussillon Villages

Roussillon was at one stage part of which island Kingdom? Majorca Corsica Sardinia Sicily

Majorca

Which Treaty ceded Roussillon to France? Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Paris Treaty of the Pyrenees Treaty of Trianon

Pyrennes

Which are Roussillon's top 3 red grapes

Grenache Syrah Carignan then Mourvedre

Which are Roussillon's top 3 white grapes

Muscat a Petits Grains Muscat d'alexandrie Macabeu then Grenache Blanc

Which white grape is the main component of Roussillon's dry white wines and white VDNs

Grenache Blanc

Which family of grapes are the main ones for dry white, rose and red production

Grenache

In which category would you find international grapes

IGP varietal wines

What is the main grape variety used to produce white VDNs in Roussillon? Carignan Blanc Grenache Blanc Chenin Blanc Macabeu

Grenache Blanc

What is the main grape variety used to produce red VDNs in Roussillon? Grenache Grenache Gris Carignan Lledoner Pelut

Grenache

What is the traditional VTS in Roussillon

Gobelet - low to ground Works well in areas of low rainfall and with vines with strong canes - Grenache and Carignan

Are vine typically machine or hand-harvested in Roussillon

Hand - as gobelet trained and on slopes

Would Roussillon's vineyards be described as high-density or low-density planted

Low density Less than 2Kper ha Water availability

What % of Roussillon's vineyards are farmed organically

20%

What type of methods are used to make rose in Roussillon

direct press or saignee

Carbonic maceration is used in Roussillon - True or False

True for Carignan

What are bonbonnes

Glass jars used for aging

How are wines made rancio

Matured by oxidative methods for at least 5 years

Name 4 types of aging vessel for VDNs

Foudres Barrels Vats Glass demi-johns

As of 2018, what percentage of Roussillon’s vineyards are farmed organically? 10% 20% 30% 40%

20%

In Roussillon – and Languedoc – which red grape variety is often fermented using carbonic maceration? Carignan Cinsaut Grenache Counoise Lledoner Pelut

Carignan

Which are the 2 regional AOCs of Roussillon

Cotes de Roussillon (dry white, rose, red) Languedoc (less than 2%)

Cotes de Roussillon red and white wines must be a blend - True or False

True

Cotes de Roussillon mostly produces white wines - True or False

False - 50% red, 42% rose, 8% white

What is the regional IGP of Roussillon

Cotes Catalanes

What type of wine would you expect to see in a Cotes de Roussillon villages

Red wine blend Normally - Grenache based

What are the 5 DGCs of Cotes de Roussillon Villages

Caramany Latour-de-France Les Aspres Lesquerde Tautavel

What types of wine does Maury (Sec) AOC make

Red wine only Maury AOC is for VDNs Dry reds must have sec on label

In which AOC is Queribus castle

Maury (sec) AOC

There is a particular weather feature of Maury - what is it

The wind funnels through the hills at speeds of up to 60 mph/100 kph, and the sun is relentless. The vines struggle to survive, producing just two to three bunches per vine.

How long are Maury Sec wines aged

Until March 1 of the year after harvest

What types of wine does Collioure AOC make

Dry white, rose and red

Which wine AOC does Collioure share the same area

Banyuls

Which is the largest AOC in Roussillon? Côtes du Roussillon Côtes du Roussillon Villages Collioure Rivesaltes

Cotes de Roussillon

Roughly what percentage of Roussillon’s wine production was bottled as Languedoc AOC in 2019? 21% 14% 10% 2%

Which AOCs in Roussillon make VDNs and what types

Muscat de Rivesaultes (only white) Rivesaultes (all types) Maury (red and white) Banyuls (red, white, rose) Banyuls Grand Cru (red)

What is Muscat de Noel

Muscat de Rivesaltes can be labeled as “Muscat de Noël” for wines marketed for the Christmas period of the year of harvest.

Which AOCs of Roussillon make dry white, red and roses

Cotes de Roussillon Collioure Maury Sec

The minimum sweetness level of all Roussillon VDNs is 10% - True or False

False True only for Muscat de Rivesaultes Rivesaultes=4.5% Maury=4.5% Banyuls=4.5% Banyuls Grand Cru=4.5%

The minimum abv of Roussillon's VDNs in AOCs is 15% - True or False

True True for Muscat de Rivesaultes, Rivesaultes, Maury, Banyuls, Banyuls Grand Cru

What makes Banyuls VDN a Banyuls Grand Cru VDN

Must contain a minimum of 75% Grenache Aged in oak until June of 3rd year after harvest Blended with white graoes

Which Roussillon AOCs is known for only making VDNs in a reductive style

Muscat de Rivesaultes

Which AOCs lie on the L'Agly river

Cotes de Roussillon Cotes de Roussillon Village Rivesultes Muscat de Rivesaultes

How many types of VDN does Maury make

6 Only red and white - but 3 types of each Red=grenat, tuile, rancio White=blanc, ambre, rancio

Rivesaultes and Banyuls makes 3 extra types of VDN than Maury what are these

Hors de Age Tuile and Ambre Rose in a reductive style

Banyuls has a different name for their Red VDNs - not grenat and Tuile - but what

Reductive=Rimage Oxidative=Traditional

What makes a VDN hors d'Age category

Oxidative aging Must spend at least 5 years aging

Banyuls Grand Cru is only for red VDNs but is this made oxidatively or reductively?

Oxidative styles only = Tuile with hors d'age

Which of these VDNs is only made reductively? Maury Muscat de Rivesaltes Rivesaltes Banyuls

Muscat de Rivesaultes

Reductive VDN wines aged for a minimum of 5 years may be labeled Hors d’Age. True or False?

False Only oxidative styles can be labelled Hors d’Age – if they spent at least five years aging.

What are the 3 IGPs of Roussillon and which one is need to know

Need to know Cotes Catatalanes Also Pays d'Oc Pays Vermeille

Cotes Catalanes produced approximately half the amount of wine as Côtes du Roussillon AOC. - True or False

False - about the same

Cotes Catalanes produce a non-fortified style of red or white wine which is aged outdoors in glass bonbonnes - what are these wines called and how long must they be aged

Rancio Aug 31 of 5th year after harvest

Which IGP is the most used in Roussillon? Côte Vermeille Pays d’Oc Côtes Roussillon Côtes Catalanes Pyrénées-Orientales

Cotes Catalanes

ôtes Catalanes IGP can be used for rancio style wines – how long must these be aged for before being sold? Until August 31 of the second year after harvest Until August 31 of the third year after harvest Until August 31 of the fourth year after harvest Until August 31 of the fifth year after harvest

31 Aug of 5th year after harvest

Why does Languedoc-Roussillon have the largest number of certified organic producers in France?

Healthier grapes because of low disease pressure Wind Ample sunshine (low rainfall)

Which of these rivers is not in Roussillon? Agly Têt Tech Aude

Aude

What effect does the Tramontane wind have on the vineyards? Reduces humidity Damages vines Brings heavy rains Brings heat from the Mediterranean

Reduces humidity

What wine styles of wine can be made in Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC? Dry red and white Dry red, rosé and white Dry red only Dry red and white and VDNs

Dry red only

Which of these is not a Côtes du Roussillon Villages DCG? Caramany Lesquerde Collioure Les Aspres

Collioure

Banyuls AOC shares the same area with which other Roussillon AOC? Maury Les Aspres Collioure Rivesaltes

Collioure

What are the large glass jars used for maturing VDN called? Foudres Bonbonnes Mistral Boutenac

Bonbonnes

Match these VDN aging terms with their style: Grenat and Rimage Tuilé, Hors d'Age, Ambré, Traditionnel Rancio Very oxidative Oxidative Reductive

Match these VDN aging terms with their style: Grenat and Rimage=Reductive Tuilé, Hors d'Age, Ambré, Traditionnel=Oxidative Rancio=Very Oxidative

In 2018 what was the most planted red grape in Roussillon? Carignan Syrah Grenache Mourvèdre

Grenache

In 2018 what was the most planted white grape in Roussillon? Grenache Gris Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc Macabeu Muscat d’Alexandrie Grenache Blanc

Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc

What style of wine does Banyuls Grand Cru AC produce? Dry red only Dry red and white Red and white VDN Red, white and rosé VDN Red VDN only

Red VDN only

Banyuls makes red, rosé and white VDNs on steeply terraced slopes that are comprised of...what? Limestone Granite Schist Arène

Schist

What term is used for a reductively aged red Banyuls? Grenat Rimage Hors d’Age Traditionnel

Rimage

Côte Vermeille IGP covers the same area as...? Côtes du Roussillon Tautavel Banyuls/ Collioure Rivesaltes

Banyuls/Collioure

Maury AOC produces Fortified White and Fortified Red wines. What other style can also be produced here? Dry white, rosé and red Dry white and red Dry red only Dry white only

Dry red only

What is the climate of Roussillon?

Mediterranean

Roussillon is best known for what style of wine?

VDN

What is “Tramontane”?

Wind from North

What grape is the most commonly used in the production of the dry white wines of Roussillon?

Grenache Blanc

What are the names of the three main rivers that weave through Roussillon?

Agly Tet Tech

Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC extends into Languedoc. True or False?

True - extends into Fitou

Which IGP just covers most of the Pyrénées-Orientales département?

Cotes Catalanes

Which VDN AOCs in Roussillon produce white, rosé and red fortified wines?

Rivesaultes Banyuls

What is the minimum number of grapes that must be in the Côtes du Roussillon-Villages blend?

What is “Mutage”?

Additional of grape spirit to stop fermentation

What is the traditional form of vine training in Roussillon?

Gobelot

Many of Roussillon's key red grape varieties originated in Spain. True or False?

True

Maury AOC only produces VDN wines. True or False?

False Maury Sec

Which important IGP is shared between Languedoc and Roussillon?

Pays d'Oc

Banyuls Grand Cru must be made from at least 75% Grenache Noir. True or False?

True

What is “Muscat de Noël”?

Muscat de Rivesault VDN sold at Christmas of year of harvest

What are the names of the three mountain ranges that surround Roussillon?

Corbieres Pyrennes Alberes

What is the main grape variety used to produce red VDN?

Grenache Noir

What is the southernmost appellation in mainland France?

Collioure/Banyols

The Languedoc AOC covers Roussillon vineyard areas. True or False?

True

What are two labeling terms on VDNs that refer to red wines that have aged reductively?

Grenat, Rimage (Banyuls)

What is meant by “tuilé”?

Red VDN wine aged oxidatively

What is meant by “ambré”?

White VDN wine aged oxidatively

To what does “hors d’age” refer?

VDN Aged oxidately for over 5 years

What type of soil covers much of Roussillon?

Iron-rich clay

Saint-Chinian makes dry white, rose and red wines - but is this the same as its two DGCs?

No - the two DGCs of Chinian are Berlou and Roquebrun and both only make red wines