SG 3

Question 1

The Articles of Confederation

Answer 1

While the states were writing their Constitutions, the Continental Congress created a plan for the nation as a whole. Instead of having 3 branches of government it only had one branch and one house legislature, called Congress. There was NO executive branch and no system of national courts. The framers of the Articles of Confederation kept in mind their complaints against Britain. The new states did not want to risk giving too much power to the central government. Thus, the Articles of Confederation provided for limited central government. In the Articles of Confederation, most of the power was in hands of the state. Congress could NOT regulate trade, collect taxes, or enforce a common currency. It could, however, make laws, declare war, coin or borrow money, nd run a postal service.

Question 2

Land Ordinance of 1785 / Public Schools

Answer 2

Congress had to devise a system for land sales and settlement. Under the _______, surveyors were to divide public lands into townships, 6 miles on each side. This would result in a grid of squares. Within each township, there would be a grid, 1 mile on each side. These 36 sections would be sold for no less than one dollar an acre. Within each township, one section was set aside to support _______. This reflected the belief of the nation’s leaders that democracy depended on education.

Question 3

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 3

Congress passed this to establish rules for how the territory would be governed. It guaranteed basic rights for settlers and banned slavery there. The _________ set a three-step process for admitting new states. When a territory was just starting to be settled, Congress would appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges. Once a territory had 5000 free adult male settlers, it could elect a legislature. When a free population reached 60,000 the territory could ask to become a state. In time, 5 states-Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin-were carved out of the Northwest territory.

Question 4

Lost State of Franklin

Answer 4

an attempt by Tennessee settlers to create a new state out of the Watauga and surrounding settlements. Due to North Carolina’s opposition over losing territory, they were not able to garner enough votes in Congress to be admitted. It is an example of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation requirements for statehood.

Question 5

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 5

The economic depression hit farmers in Massachusetts especially hard. As the crop prices declined, many farmers were unable to pay their taxes. The state government began to seize farms in order to compensate for the tax money owed. This was an uprising led by Daniel Shay in which a group of farmers tried to seize guns from a state warehouse. The rebellion was eventually stopped by the State’s militia. As a result of shays rebellion, our country leaders decided it was time to write a new constitution because the Articles of Confederation provided no national army or law enforcement power.

Question 6

Constitutional Convention

Answer 6

A meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, by the end of the convention, our country had a new Constitution. George Washington was quickly voted the leader of the convention and James Madison wrote everything down during the convention.

Question 7

James Madison

Answer 7

Considered the father of the Constitution. He wrote down everything was said during the convention and negotiated compromises.

Question 8

The Great Compromise

Answer 8

A combination of the New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan. The compromise called for a 2 house legislature. One house would be based on a state’s population, the other house every state would get an equal number of representatives.

Question 9

3/5th Compromise

Answer 9

Stated that states can count 3/5th of their slave population towards the number of delegates they receive in congress.

Question 10

Preamble of the Constitution

Answer 10

outlines the purposes of the government

1. To establish a more perfect union
2. Establish Justice
3. Insure domestic tranquility
4. Provide for the common defense
5. Promote the general welfare
6. Secure the blessings of liberty

Question 11

Federalists

Answer 11

Believed in a strong central government. They also believed that the wealthy are the fittest to govern people.

Question 12

Federalist Papers

Answer 12

Were a series of essays written by the leaders of the Federalists (Madison, Hamilton, Joy) arguing for their point of view.

Question 13

Anti-Federalists

Answer 13

Advocated for a stringer state government. They also believed everyone had the right to hold office, regardless of how much money they had.

Question 14

Amend the Constitution

Answer 14

Congress must approve the proposed amendment by a 2/3 majority in both houses. Then 3/4 of the states must ratify or approve the amendment for it to go into effect.

Question 15

Federalism

Answer 15

The balancing of power between states and the federal government. Congress and the Constitution typically try to manage this by implementing various laws and amendments.

Question 16

Ratification of the Constitution

Answer 16

Began when the anti-federalists agreed to approve the Constitution if the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights. 9 out of 13 states also had to vote to ratify.

Question 17

Checks and Balances

Answer 17

A system used by the US government in order to ensure one branch of government did not have more power than another branch of government.

Question 18

Separation of Powers

Answer 18

Ensures that 3 branches of government have distinct authority over various government functions. The Legislative branch creates the laws, the Executive branch enforces the laws, the Judicial Branch interprets the laws.

Question 19

The Bill of Rights

Answer 19

The first 10 amendments in the Constitution. The first amendment says freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly. The second says you have the right to bear arms. the third amendment says the government cannot force you to quarter troops. The fourth says that US citizens are protected from unreasonable searches of a person’s property. The fifth says that you have the right to due process or double jeopardy. The sixth amendment says you have the right to a fair trial. the seventh amendment says you have a trial by jury. The eighth amendment says no cruel or unusual punishment and the ninth amendment says power to the people and the tenth gives power to the states.

Question 20

George Washington

Answer 20

Set many precedents as the first president. He voluntary served only 2 terms as president, appointed a cabinet of advisors that included Secretary of State, Treasury, and Secretary of War and gave an inaugural and farewell address.

Question 21

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 21

As part of Hamilton’s plan to payback the national debt, the government imposed a tax on all whiskey. Many backcountry farmers made money by turning the cornt hey gre into whiskey. This severely hurt their income. In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania revolted. Washington quickly dispersed the rebellion showing the power of the central government.

Question 22

George Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 22

In 1796, George Washington voluntarily left the office of president as United States. He gives the United States 2 pieces of advice in his farewell address. He warned against political parties and advised the US to stay away from permanent alliance with European countries.

Question 23

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 23

The secretary of the Senate and he created a 3 part plan to bring the nation out of debt. Hamilton was also a federalist and supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution to provide for a National Bank. (FEDERALIST)

Question 24

Loose Construction

Answer 24

The belief that the government could do some things that were directly permitted by the Constitution through elastic. (FEDERALIST)

Question 25

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 25

A draftsman of the Declaration of Independence and third US president. He was also responsible for the Lousiana Purchase and he argued the National Bank was unconstitutional. (REPUBLICAN)

Question 26

Strict Construction

Answer 26

The belief that the government can only do the things that the Constitution specifically says. The Republican Party favored this belief. (REPUBLICAN)

Question 27

The National Bank

Answer 27

A part of Hamilton’s 3 part plan to bring the nation out of debt after the American Revolution. The United States would create the National Bank to deposit federal funds.

Question 28

Statehood of Tennessee / Tennessee Constitution of 1796

Answer 28

All free men (white and African Americans) 21 years or older had voting rights, no supreme court, weak executive position.

Question 29

James Robertson

Answer 29

Was one of the founding fathers of Tennessee and helped Daniel Boone establish the Watauga settlement, which was one of Tennessee’s earliest settlements. He is sometimes referred to as ‘The Father of Middle Tennessee’.

Question 30

William Blount

Answer 30

Was the first territorial governor of TN from 1790-1796. He was also one of the first two senators elected from TN in 1796. Blount served in the Revolutionary War and helped negotiate the Treaty of Holston

Question 31

Transylvania Purchase

Answer 31

Was a short lived attempt by Richard Henderson and investors to purchase a large chunk of Kentucky and Tennessee (1775) (controlled by Cherokee) in order to make profit in the animal pelt business. The Transylvania colony ceased to exist when the Virginia General Assembly invalidated the purchase. These events led to the future Watauga settlements and their petitions to govern themselves independent of British rule.

Question 32

Watauga Settlement

Answer 32

Was the first known attempt by colonists to create a government that was independent and separate form Britain. The Watauga Settlement was located in modern-day east TN and laid the foundation for other people moving and settling in the state.

Question 33

Treaty of Holston

Answer 33

Was a peace treaty signed by the US government and the Cherokee nation (1791). The US government promised to protect the Cherokee people and stay peaceful with nation moving forward.

Question 34

John Adams

Answer 34

Succeeded the presidency after George Washington left office. Immediately, the French began to give Adams problems for remaining neutral in their conflicts. In 1797, Adams sent 3 diplomats to France in order to work out any issues. 3 French agents told the Americans that they would only speak to them if the Americans paid the French $250,000 and gave the government a loan of several million dollars. This outraged many Americans and had several leaders calling for war.

Question 35

Alien Act/Sedition Act

Answer 35

Adams was being criticized heavily by Republicans for avoiding war with France. Congress passed 2 laws in 1798 in the wake of this outcry war. ______ increased the duration from 5 to 14 that a person had to live in the US to become a citizen. The other act, the _______ made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or false about the president, Congress, or the government in general.

Question 36

Revolution of 1800

Answer 36

Also known as the election of 1800 in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic Republican Party defeated President John Adams of the Federalist Party. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.

Question 37

John Marshall

Answer 37

The Chief justice of the Supreme court in the Marbury vs. Madison case.

Question 38

Marbury vs. Madison

Answer 38

This case established judicial review, which is the authority of the supreme court to write a law unconstitutional.

Question 39

Defeat of the Barbary Pirates

Answer 39

Trade with Europe was critical to the US’s success. The Barbary Pirates were pirates from North African countries of Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia, and Tripoli. These pirates began attacking American merchant ships. Thomas Jefferson sent American warships to protect our merchants.

Question 40

Embargo Act

Answer 40

Legislation by the US Congress in December 1807 closed US ports to all exports and restricted imports from Britain. The act was Thomas Jefferson’s response to British interference with neutral US merchant ships.

Question 41

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 41

By the 1800s, more than 1 million people were living between the Appalachian mountains and Mississippi. Most settlers in this region were farmers. Because there were few roads in the West, they relied on the Mississippi River to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans. Spain, which controlled Mississippi and New Orleans, often threatened to close ports. Pinckney’s Treaty granted the Americans rights to use these ports. But then, the US found out Spain secretly sold New Orleans and the rest of its Louisiana Territory to France. France tried to conquer America, but that failed, so France sold the Louisiana territory to the US for 15 million dollars, 4 cents per acre.

Question 42

Lewis and Clark

Answer 42

This duo set off to explore Lousiana territory in 1803. Their goal was to find a waterway that stretched from the Mississippi to the Pacific ocean. Along the way, the expedition crossed the rocky mountains and eventually made it to the Pacific ocean.

Question 43

Sacagawea

Answer 43

The wife of a French fur trader. Served as a guide/translator on Lewis and Clark’s expedition.

Question 44

Causes of War of 1812

Answer 44

Trade with Europe was essential to the US’s success. Because the British blocked US trade with impressment and seizing ships. Initially, the US wanted to gain control of Canada but was unsuccessful. The British attacked and burned Washington D.C. to the ground.

Question 45

War Hawks

Answer 45

Southern members of Congress who were calling for war.`

Question 46

Impressment

Answer 46

Seizing soldiers and forcing them to serve in the Navy.

Question 47

William Henry Harrison

Answer 47

The 9th president of the US (1841) and the first to die in office. Harrison led an attack on Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe ended Native American resistance under Tecumseh.

Question 48

Tecumseh

Answer 48

Part of the Shawnee tribe and he tried to urge Native American resistance to preserve and restore Indian lands.

Question 49

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Answer 49

Fought during the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson led the fight against Cree Indians effectively ending Creek resistance to American advances into the Southeast, opening up the Mississippi River for pioneer settlement.

Question 50

Battle of New Orleans

Answer 50

By 1814, Britain got tired of the wall. Peace talks began in Ghent, Belgium. On Christmas Eve 1814, the two sides had signed the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war. But, news of the treaty took several weeks to reach the US. In that time, both sides had fought more than 1 battle. In January 1815, American forces under General Andrew Jackon won a stunning victory over the British here.

Question 51

Burning of Washington D.C.

Answer 51

During the War of 1812, the new British strategy was to attack the nation’s capital, Washington D.C. In August 1814, a British force marched to the city. The British set fire to several government buildings, including the White House.

Question 52

Battle of Fort-McHenry

Answer 52

After the attack on D.C., the British moved to Baltimore. The first objective was Fort McHenry, which defended the city’s harbor. British warships bombarded the fort throughout the night Francis Scott Key, a young American, watched the attack. At dawn, Key still saw the American flag still flying over the port. The Americans had beaten off the attack. Key wrote a poem about the attack called, “The Star-Spangled Banner” which is the national anthem today.

Question 53

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 53

On December 12, 1814, this treaty was signed by British and American representatives ending the War of 1812. This treaty provided all land to be returned to the US and also made the US build the sentiment of the “Era of Good Feelings” as a young nation. All of this led to the Rise of Nationalism. This was the idea that the US should continue to strive for a sense of unity as a nation.

Question 54

Convention of 1818

Answer 54

After the War of 1812, relations between the US and Great Britain were suffering. This set the Westen boundary between the US and what would become Canada. There were arguments over borders, but political tensions between the US and Great Britain were reduced.

Question 55

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 55

Spain ceded, or gave up, Florida to the US.`

Question 56

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 56

Stated that the US would not allow European countries to create colonies in the Americas or to interfere with the newly formed Latin-American colonies. The US would consider any act to do so an act of hostility.