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Hannah's Intersystem > Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

List 5 infections commonly transmitted via anilingus

A 
Amoeba
Cryptosporidia
Giardia
Shigella
HAV
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2
Q

What kind bacteria is gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative diplococci

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3
Q

What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea?

A

2-7 days

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4
Q

What is the most common presentation of gonorrhoea in females?

A

Asymptomatic

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5
Q

What is the most common presentation of gonorrhoea in females?

A

Urethritis with thick, creamy urethral discharge (can block urethra and cause pain)

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6
Q

What other kinds of presentations can be caused by gonorrhoea besides urethritis?

A

Oral sex involving transmission of gonorrhoea can result in pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

What are some of the symptoms of gonorrhoea dissemination?

A 
Arthritis
Maculopapular rash
Meningitis
Endocarditis
Epididymitis
Peri-hepatitis
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8
Q

What STIs can cause PID?

A

Gonorrhoea
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma genitalium

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9
Q

What is neonatal gonococcal opthalmia?

A

Gross purulent conjunctivitis in 1st week of life

Can cause perforation and blindness by days 2-5

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10
Q

How is neonatal gonococcal opthalmia treated?

A

IV cefotaxime for a week

Also irrigate eyes regularly

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11
Q

What diagnostic specimens are taken in a case of suspected gonorrhoea?

A

Cervical swab into charcoal transport
Male urethral swabs
Urine
Others (conjunctiva, pharyx, skin lesions, anal, CSF, blood, synovial fluid)

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12
Q

What laboratory investigations are used for gonorrhoea?

A

Non-selective CBA in CO2
Selective Thayer-Martin agar
Culture for antibiotic sensitivities

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13
Q

What is the most common diagnostic method used for gonorrhoea and chlamydia?

A

NAAT from genital swabs or first void urine

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14
Q

What is the disadvantage of NAAT for gonorrhoea?

A

May have cross reaction with mucosal commensal Neisseria spp.

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15
Q

What other infection is gonorrhoea especially associated with?

A

Chlamydia (~50% of cases)

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16
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated?

A

Ceftriaxone IM/IV AND azithromycin orally

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17
Q

Does gonorrhoea show increasing antibiotic resistance?

A

Yes

18
Q

What kind of organism is chlamydia?

A

Obligate IC parasite

19
Q

What kind of epithelium do chlamydia and gonorrhoea like to infect?

A

Columnar

20
Q

Which serovars of chlamydia cause genital infection?

A

D-K

21
Q

What symptoms does chlamydia cause in females and males?

A

Females: cervicitis, endometritis, vaginal discharge, urethritis, dysuria, irregular bleeding, pelvic pain
Males: urethritis with clear urethral discharge, dysuria, meatal erythema, testicular pain, prostatitis
BUT frequently asymptomatic for both

22
Q

Which serovars of chlamydia cause lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

L 1-3

23
Q

What is LGV?

A

Invasive lymphatic infection causing suppurative lymphadenopathy
Can cause procto-colitis with strictures in MSM

24
Q

What syndromes can neonatal chlamydia infection cause?

A

Conjunctivitis (25%)

Pneumonia (10%)

25
Q

Is culture performed routinely for chlamydia?

A

No

26
Q

When is test of cure required for chlamydia?

A

Post procedure
Pregnancy
Performed 4-6 months post-treatment

27
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A 
Azithromycin orally (IV if severe PID)
OR doxycycline orally (avoid in pregnancy)
28
Q

What kind of organism is trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoan

29
Q

What symptoms does trichomonas commonly produce?

A

Often asymptomatic
Can present with frothy, green-yellow discharge
Cervical erythyma and friability
Pruritis, dysuria and abdominal pain

30
Q

What does trichomonas increase the risk of?

A

HIV transmission

31
Q

What laboratory testing is performed for trichomonas?

A

High Vaginal Swab (HVS; “wet prep” microscopy or culture)
Urine (for PCR)
Sometimes seen on Pap smear

32
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Metronidazole or tinidazole orally

Clindamycin cream

33
Q

What is treponema pallidum infection called?

A

Syphilis

34
Q

What methods of laboratory detection are used for syphilis?

A

Microscopy

Serology

35
Q

What are non-treponemal serological tests? When are they used?

A

Ab to cellular lipids and lecithin (e.g. VDRL, RPR)

Useful for screening and monitoring therapy (positive 4-8 weeks post-infection)

36
Q

What may cause FPs in non-treponemal tests?

A

CT disorders, viral infections, IVDU, pregnancy

37
Q

What are treponemal tests? When are they positive?

A

E.g. EIA, TPHA, TPPA, FTA-Abs

Positive slightly earlier than non-treponemal and remain positive for life

38
Q

How is mycoplasma genitalium diagnosed?

A

NAAT

39
Q

Is mycoplasma genitalium antibiotic resistant?

A

Yes

40
Q

What symptoms does mycoplasma genitalium cause?

A

Urethritis in men

Cervicitis and acute endometritis in women

41
Q

What infections may predispose to HIV transmission?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

Mycoplasma genitalium

42
Q

How is mycoplasma genitalium treated?

A

Azithromycin

Moxifloxacin (but expensive)

Hannah's Intersystem (16 decks)

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