Sexually Transmitted Infections (15) Flashcards
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Refer to more than 25 infectious organisms that can be passed from person to person through sexual contact (2 general types: Bacteria, Vial)
Bacteria
Curable
Vial
Incurable
Are STIs common?
Common in US but hard to know exact or estimate number
Often STIs are silent
Routine screening is not widespread
Which STI’s must be reported by health care providers to health department?
Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia, HIV/AIDS, Chancroid, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B
Incidence
of new cases
Prevalence
of cases
What are the most reported infectious disease in the US?
STI’s
What are the two most commonly reported infectious disease in the US (CDC)
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
How many new cases of STIs occurred each year?
An estimated 20 million
By the age of 25….
1 in 2 young persons will acquire an STI
More than ½ of sexually active men and women will become infected with an STI at some point in their lives
Disparities Among Gender
Consequences for females are many times more serious than males; Women contract STIs easier, greater damage to reproductive tract and increase likelihood of having no symptoms
Why are women at an increase chance of getting an STI?
Warm environment of vagina and uterus, Thin sensitive skin, STIs in women are asymptomatic (difficult to diagnose)
What happens when STI in women goes undiagnosed?
Long-term effects
PID
ectopic pregnancy, infertility, cervical cancer, spontaneous abortion, still birth
Lesbian and Bisexual women
are still at risk many times underestimate risk
Age Disparities
About ½ of the new STI cases are among individuals ages 15-24; young people are at increase risk more likely to have multiple sex partners, increase risk of engaging in risky behavior, Barriers to accessing quality STI prevention products and services
Determinants of Health Status
Poverty, Access to quality health care, Health care seeking behaviors, Illegal drug use, Communities with high prevalence of STIs
Behavioral Factors that contribute to the spread of STI’s
Increase total time they are active, have greater # of sexual partners, and use condoms less consistently; numerous sex partners, high risk sex partners, high risk sexual behaviors, inconsistent and incorrect condom use, substance use, lack of knowledge and concern about STIs, sexual coercion
Social Factors that contribute to the spread of STI’s
Poverty and marginalization, Access to health care, Secrecy and moral conflict about sexuality
Biological Factors that contribute to the spread of STI’s
Asymptomatic nature of STI, resistance to treatment or lack of a cure (other biological factors: immature cervix, uncircumcised penis)
Chancroid
Painful sore(s) on penis caused by bacteria women are generally asymptomatic
Enteric infection
Intestinal infections caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoans that are normally found in the intestinal tract; result from anal or oral sex
CMV (Cytomegalovirus)
Viruses of the herpes group affects the depressed immune system
