HIV and AIDS (16)

Question 1

Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Answer 1

Affects the body’s immune system where it becomes deficient in combating disease

Question 2

To be classified as AIDS (under CDC)

Answer 2

Positive blood test indicating the presence of HIV, CD4 (T-cell) count below 200, Have one or more of the disease associated with AIDS

Question 3

Conditions Associated with AIDS

Answer 3

CDC list 20 conditions to be used with diagnosing AIDS with HIV status; Opportunistic infections, Cancer, Clinical Conditions, Other Conditions

Question 4

Opportunistic infections

Answer 4

Diseases that take advantage of the weakened immune system, these diseases do not develop in healthy people

Question 5

Clinical Conditions

Answer 5

Wasting syndrome, Persisting diarrhea

Question 6

Symptoms of HIV Infection

Answer 6

Within 2-4 weeks after being infected a person may develop flulike symptoms (last several days/weeks some have no symptoms); Person may appear and feel healthy for years (10+) after becoming infected; Even if feeling healthy, the virus is still affecting the body

Question 7

Effects on T- Cells

Answer 7

The immune system process starts to break down immediately; HIV injects its content into the host T-cell and copies it own genetic code into the cells DNA; The immune system is activated the T-cells begins producing HIV instead of replicating itself and the T cell is killed in process

Question 8

How the disease progresses

Answer 8

Most people will develop detectable antibodies with in 3-8 weeks after exposure; T-cells (CD4) count # of helper T cells that are present in a cubic millimeter of blood; Healthy persons average - @ 1,000 can range from 500 – 1600 depending on a persons health

Question 9

Time between infection with HIV and development of AIDS can range from…

Answer 9

a few months to years; Individuals with HIV taking medication can live a ling time before immune system is damaged for AIDS to develop

Question 10

When 1st infected, an individual may experience what symptoms?

Answer 10

Flu like symptoms immune system goes into high gear to flight off invader

Question 11

Phases of Infection

Answer 11

T-cell may temporarily plunge and virus rapidly replicates the virus is dispersed throughout the lymph nodes and replicates AKA = seeding; Virus may stay localized for years but continues to replicate and destroy T cell; Viral load is high- person in most contagious

Question 12

World Health Organization (WHO) reports on AIDS

Answer 12

More than 39 million people have died form AIDS, Estimated that 37 million individuals are living with the infection (African continues to be the most impacted region)

Question 13

World Health Organization (WHO) reports that rate of new infections have declined except for where?

Answer 13

Eastern Europe

Question 14

WHO/UNAIDS believe that HIV epidemic can be ended but needs accelerated response through what?

Answer 14

The year 2030 and beyond; Reaching key populations to keep decreasing infections

Question 15

Transmission of HIV

Answer 15

HIV is spread by bodily fluids

Risk of HIV transmission depends on type of exposure or behavior

Question 16

Primary Ways of Transmission

Answer 16

Sexual Transmission (anal or vaginal) without condom or taking medication to prevent
 Sharing needles or other equipment used to prepare drugs for injection, rinse water

Question 17

Less Common Ways of Transmission (Less frequent)

Answer 17

Mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding

Being stuck with a needle

Question 18

Rare ways: rare occasions HIV has been transmitted by:

Answer 18

Oral Sex, Receiving blood transfusion/organ transplants , Deep open mouth kissing, Being bitten by a person with HIV, Contact between broken skin, wounds, mucous membrane, and HIV contaminated blood

Question 19

Oral Sex

Answer 19

Can contact via cuts or sores, person performing oral sex is at greater risk

Question 20

Deep Open Mouth Kissing

Answer 20

Risk of transmission can occur from bleeding gums, sores, cuts

Question 21

Can condoms prevent HIV?

Answer 21

Yes, if used correctly and consistently

Question 22

Preventative Medicine

Answer 22

July 2012 FDA approved a drug to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection – has been shown to helpful in blocking HIV – taken daily - known as pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP

Question 23

Who should use preventative medication?

Answer 23

Used by people that are at very high risk and are willing to take the medicine daily to lower their chances of getting infected
Highly effected for preventing HIV if used as prescribed less effective when not taken consistently

Question 24

PEP (post exposure prophylaxis)

Answer 24

option for an individual who thinks they have been exposed to HIV; Taking antiretroviral therapy, Used in emergency situations, Must be started with in 72 hours after a recent possible exposure sooner the better, Not a substitute for prevention

Question 25

Who should get tested?

Answer 25

CDC recommends that everyone b/n 13-64 get testes at least once as part of routine care 1 in 7 people in the USA who have HIV don’t know they have it People at higher risk should get tested more often

Question 26

If you answer yes to any of the following questions you should get an HIV test as soon as possible

Answer 26

Have you had... Sex/anal or vaginal with an HIV infected partner?, More than one sex partner since your last HIV test?, Injected drugs and shared needles or injection equipment with others?, Exchanged sex for drugs or money?, Been diagnosed with or sought treatment for another STI infection?, Been diagnosed with or treated for hepatitis or tuberculosis (TB)?, Had sex with someone who can answer yes to any of the questions above or whose sexual history you don’t know? or a man who has had sex with another man?,

Question 27

Types of Testing

Answer 27

Antibody screening test – detecting antibodies that the body make against HIV Can be lab or rapid test RNA test detects the virus directly instead of antibodies

Question 28

What does a negative HIV test mean?

Answer 28

A negative test does not necessarily mean that you do not HIV testing could have been performed during the window period – consult you health care provider if an when you need to get tested again

Question 29

Treatment

Answer 29

HIV – is a retrovirus and the drugs used to treat are antiretroviral Typically used in combination of three or more drugs called antiretroviral therapy(ART) - used since mid 90s ART slows the progression of the virus by reducing the amount of the virus in the blood an body fluid