Sexually Transmitted Disease Flashcards
caused by sexually transmitted
infections.
They are spread mainly by sexual
contact.
Sexually Transmitted Disease
STIs are caused by:
bacteria, viruses or
parasites.
A sexually transmitted infection may
pass from:
person to person in blood,
semen, or vaginal and other bodily
fluids.
There were more than __________
deaths each year (WHO, 2024)
2.5 million
New_________cases (15-49 yrs old)
- increased by over 1 million to
0.71 million.
Syphilis
Infections that accounts for over 1
million daily:
Syphilis
gonorrhea
chlamydia
Trichomoniasis
Data shows that STIs are
____________ in many regions.
increasing
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is caused by bacteria called
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Causes and Transmission of Chlamydia
can spread through anal, vaginal, and oral
sex
can spread to a baby during childbirth.
Symptoms of Chlamydia and how many days before it occurs?
Usually asymptomatic
change in vaginal
discharge
burning pain (urination)
Rectal pain
Rectal bleeding
rectal discharge
usually appear around 7-21 days
Diagnosis for Chlamydia
Examination includes urine
sample, swab sample from the
penis, cervix, urethra, throat, or
rectum.
Chlamydia screening
sexually active females under
25 years of age and those 25
years or older if at high risk
males who are in a high-risk
group
males who have sex with males
people with HIV who are
sexually active
Treatment for Chlamydia
- Seek immediate help
- Take antibiotics
- Retesting at least every 3 months after treatment
- Refrain from sex for 7 days
- Inform partner within 60 dayas from your sexual contact
- May recommend gonorrhea as two infections can occur
Antibiotics for treatment in Chlamydia includes:
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
Prevention for Chlamydia
- using condoms, or other barrier
methods, consistently and
correctly - limiting the number of sexual
partners - having a sexual relationship in
which both partners are
monogamous - regular screening
- avoiding sex until treatment of
all partners is complete
Types of lice
Pediculus humanus capitis:
head lice
Pediculus humanus corporis:
body lice
Phthirus pubis: pubic lice
The _____________usually is found in the person’s pubic hair.
crab louse
Causes and Transmission of Crab Louse
can spread during close physical contact
Shared via towels or bed linen
Does not spread via toilet seat
Symptoms of Crab Louse
Intense itching in the pubic area.
Visible lice or eggs (nits) attached to hair.
Blue or gray spots on the skin from bites.
Treatment for Crab Louse
Use over-the-counter lice treatments
(permethrin or pyrethrin-based).
Wash all clothes, bedding, and towels in
hot water and dry on high heat.
Prevention for Crab Louse
Avoid sharing personal items like towels or
clothing.
Regular hygiene checks and prompt treatment if
lice are suspected.
Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Causes and Transmission of Gonorrhea
Transmitted through unprotected vaginal,
anal, or oral sex.
Can be passed from mother to baby during
childbirth.
Symptoms of Gonorrhea
Men: Painful urination, discharge from the penis,
testicular pain. Women: Painful urination, increased vaginal
discharge, pelvic pain.
Many individuals are asymptomatic but still
infectious.
Treatment of gonorrhea
Antibiotics (current standard: a single
injection of ceftriaxone).
Prompt treatment prevents
complications like infertility and pelvic
inflammatory disease.
Prevention of gonorrhea
Use condoms during sexual
activity.
Regular STI testing for sexually
active individuals.
Limit number of sexual partners
and maintain open
communication about STI status.
a virus that attacks the immune
system, specifically CD4 cells (T cells).-
retrovirus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV is Transmitted through:
Unprotected sex with an infected
partner.
Sharing needles or syringes.
Mother-to-child during pregnancy,
childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Blood transfusions (rare in countries
with proper screening).
Symptoms of HIV
Acute Phase:
Chronic Phase:
Progression to AIDS
What is an Acute Phase of HIV?
Flu-like symptoms (fever, rash,
sore throat) within 2-4 weeks of exposure.
What is the Chronic Phase in HIV?
Asymptomatic period where
the virus multiplies slowly.
What happens when HIV progressed to AIDS?
Severe weight loss, infections, and cancers
due to weakened immunity.
Treatment for HIV
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses
the virus, prevents progression to AIDS,
and reduces transmission
Prevention for HIV
Use condoms and practice safe sex.
Take Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
if at high risk.
Regular testing for early detection.
Avoid sharing needles and ensure
safe medical practices.
Caused by a group of viruses with
over 100 strains.
Human Papilloma Virus
Causes and Transmission of HPV
Transmitted through skin-to-skin
contact, primarily during vaginal,
anal, or oral sex.
Some strains cause genital warts;
others can lead to cancers (e.g.,
cervical, throat, or anal).
Symptoms of HPV
Low-risk strains
High-risk strains
Low Risk strains in HPV includes:
Genital warts (small bumps on
genital or anal areas).
High risk strains in HPV includes:
Often asymptomatic but can lead
to precancerous lesions or cancer
over time.
Treatment and Prevention for HPV
No cure for the virus itself, but
treatments are available for
warts and precancerous
changes.
Regular screenings (e.g., Pap
smears) to detect and treat
abnormalities early.
Prevention for HPV
- Get vaccinated (e.g., Gardasil) before sexual activity begins.
- Use condoms during sexual activity
(reduces but doesn’t eliminate risk). - Regular screenings for cervical
cancer in women.
Caused by two types of viruses:
HSV-1: Primarily causes oral herpes
(cold sores).
HSV-2: Primarily causes genital herpes.
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2
Causes and Transmission of Herpes
Transmitted through direct contact with
herpes sores, saliva, genital fluids, or skin-
to-skin contact.
Can be spread even when no visible sores
are present (asymptomatic shedding).
Symptoms of Herpes
Painful blisters or sores around the
mouth, genitals, or anus.
Itching, tingling, or burning sensations
before sores appear.
Recurrences are common, triggered by
stress, illness, or weakened immunity.
Treatment for Herpes
No cure, but antiviral medications (e.g.,
acyclovir, valacyclovir) reduce symptoms,
shorten outbreaks, and lower transmission
risk.
Prevention for Herpes
Use condoms and avoid sexual contact
during outbreaks.
Openly communicate with partners about
herpes status.
Consider daily suppressive therapy for
frequent outbreaks or to reduce
transmission risk.
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among women of reproductive age, caused by the protozoan
Trichomonas vaginalis.
Causes and Transmission of Trichomoniasis
Transmitted primarily through unprotected
vaginal sex.
Can infect both men and women, though
symptoms are more common in women.
Symptoms of Trichomoniasis
Women
Vaginal discharge (frothy, yellow-green,
with a strong odor).
Itching, irritation, or discomfort during
urination or sex.
Men
Often asymptomatic but may have
irritation, discharge, or burning during
urination.
Treatment for Trichomoniasis
Antibiotics, typically metronidazole or
tinidazole, taken as a single dose.
Both partners should be treated to
prevent reinfection.
Prevention for Trichomoniasis
Use condoms during sexual activity.
Limit sexual partners and ensure mutual
testing for STIs.
Early treatment to prevent complications and
further transmission.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious (STI) disease caused by the
bacterium Treponema pallidum.
Causes and Transmission of Syphilis
Transmitted through direct contact with
syphilitic sores during vaginal, anal, or oral
sex.
Can also be passed from mother to child
during pregnancy (congenital syphilis).
Symptoms of Syphilis
Primary Stage:
Secondary Stage:
Latent Stage: Lasts years and decades
Tertiary Stage:
21 days
Painless chancre sores at the infection site
(genitals, mouth, or anus).
Primary Stage of Syphilisis
4-10 weeks
Skin rashes (often on palms/soles), fever,swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat.
Secondary Stage of Syphilisis
No symptoms, but the infection remains in the
body and can progress.
Latent Stage of Syphilisis
Severe damage to organs (heart, brain, nerves),
leading to complications like paralysis or
blindness.
Tertiary Stage of Syphilisis
Treatment of Syphilis
Penicillin injections are highly
effective, especially in early stages.
Regular follow-up testing to confirm
cure.
Prevention of Syphilis
Use condoms during sexual activity.
Regular STI testing for sexually active
individuals.
Early prenatal screening and
treatment to prevent congenital
syphilis.
