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Finals Human Rep > Sexually Transmitted Disease > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Disease Flashcards

1
Q

caused by sexually transmitted
infections.
They are spread mainly by sexual
contact.

A

Sexually Transmitted Disease

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2
Q

STIs are caused by:

A

bacteria, viruses or
parasites.

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3
Q

A sexually transmitted infection may
pass from:

A

person to person in blood,
semen, or vaginal and other bodily
fluids.

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4
Q

There were more than __________
deaths each year (WHO, 2024)

A

2.5 million

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5
Q

New_________cases (15-49 yrs old)
- increased by over 1 million to
0.71 million.

A

Syphilis

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6
Q

Infections that accounts for over 1
million daily:

A

Syphilis
gonorrhea
chlamydia
Trichomoniasis

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7
Q

Data shows that STIs are
____________ in many regions.

A

increasing

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8
Q

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is caused by bacteria called

A

Chlamydia trachomatis.

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9
Q

Causes and Transmission of Chlamydia

A

can spread through anal, vaginal, and oral
sex
can spread to a baby during childbirth.

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10
Q

Symptoms of Chlamydia and how many days before it occurs?

A

Usually asymptomatic
change in vaginal
discharge
burning pain (urination)
Rectal pain
Rectal bleeding
rectal discharge

usually appear around 7-21 days

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11
Q

Diagnosis for Chlamydia

A

Examination includes urine
sample, swab sample from the
penis, cervix, urethra, throat, or
rectum.

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12
Q

Chlamydia screening

A

sexually active females under
25 years of age and those 25
years or older if at high risk
males who are in a high-risk
group
males who have sex with males
people with HIV who are
sexually active

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13
Q

Treatment for Chlamydia

A
  1. Seek immediate help
  2. Take antibiotics
  3. Retesting at least every 3 months after treatment
  4. Refrain from sex for 7 days
  5. Inform partner within 60 dayas from your sexual contact
  6. May recommend gonorrhea as two infections can occur
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14
Q

Antibiotics for treatment in Chlamydia includes:

A

Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Amoxicillin

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15
Q

Prevention for Chlamydia

A
  1. using condoms, or other barrier
    methods, consistently and
    correctly
  2. limiting the number of sexual
    partners
  3. having a sexual relationship in
    which both partners are
    monogamous
  4. regular screening
  5. avoiding sex until treatment of
    all partners is complete
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16
Q

Types of lice

A

Pediculus humanus capitis:
head lice

Pediculus humanus corporis:
body lice
Phthirus pubis: pubic lice

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17
Q

The _____________usually is found in the person’s pubic hair.

A

crab louse

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18
Q

Causes and Transmission of Crab Louse

A

can spread during close physical contact
Shared via towels or bed linen
Does not spread via toilet seat

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19
Q

Symptoms of Crab Louse

A

Intense itching in the pubic area.
Visible lice or eggs (nits) attached to hair.
Blue or gray spots on the skin from bites.

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20
Q

Treatment for Crab Louse

A

Use over-the-counter lice treatments
(permethrin or pyrethrin-based).
Wash all clothes, bedding, and towels in
hot water and dry on high heat.

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21
Q

Prevention for Crab Louse

A

Avoid sharing personal items like towels or
clothing.
Regular hygiene checks and prompt treatment if
lice are suspected.

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22
Q

Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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23
Q

Causes and Transmission of Gonorrhea

A

Transmitted through unprotected vaginal,
anal, or oral sex.
Can be passed from mother to baby during
childbirth.

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24
Q

Symptoms of Gonorrhea

A

Men: Painful urination, discharge from the penis,
testicular pain. Women: Painful urination, increased vaginal
discharge, pelvic pain.
Many individuals are asymptomatic but still
infectious.

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25
Q

Treatment of gonorrhea

A

Antibiotics (current standard: a single
injection of ceftriaxone).
Prompt treatment prevents
complications like infertility and pelvic
inflammatory disease.

26
Q

Prevention of gonorrhea

A

Use condoms during sexual
activity.
Regular STI testing for sexually
active individuals.
Limit number of sexual partners
and maintain open
communication about STI status.

27
Q

a virus that attacks the immune
system, specifically CD4 cells (T cells).-
retrovirus

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

28
Q

HIV is Transmitted through:

A

Unprotected sex with an infected
partner.
Sharing needles or syringes.
Mother-to-child during pregnancy,
childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Blood transfusions (rare in countries
with proper screening).

29
Q

Symptoms of HIV

A

Acute Phase:
Chronic Phase:
Progression to AIDS

30
Q

What is an Acute Phase of HIV?

A

Flu-like symptoms (fever, rash,
sore throat) within 2-4 weeks of exposure.

31
Q

What is the Chronic Phase in HIV?

A

Asymptomatic period where
the virus multiplies slowly.

32
Q

What happens when HIV progressed to AIDS?

A

Severe weight loss, infections, and cancers
due to weakened immunity.

33
Q

Treatment for HIV

A

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses
the virus, prevents progression to AIDS,
and reduces transmission

34
Q

Prevention for HIV

A

Use condoms and practice safe sex.
Take Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
if at high risk.
Regular testing for early detection.
Avoid sharing needles and ensure
safe medical practices.

35
Q

Caused by a group of viruses with
over 100 strains.

A

Human Papilloma Virus

36
Q

Causes and Transmission of HPV

A

Transmitted through skin-to-skin
contact, primarily during vaginal,
anal, or oral sex.
Some strains cause genital warts;
others can lead to cancers (e.g.,
cervical, throat, or anal).

37
Q

Symptoms of HPV

A

Low-risk strains
High-risk strains

38
Q

Low Risk strains in HPV includes:

A

Genital warts (small bumps on
genital or anal areas).

39
Q

High risk strains in HPV includes:

A

Often asymptomatic but can lead
to precancerous lesions or cancer
over time.

40
Q

Treatment and Prevention for HPV

A

No cure for the virus itself, but
treatments are available for
warts and precancerous
changes.
Regular screenings (e.g., Pap
smears) to detect and treat
abnormalities early.

41
Q

Prevention for HPV

A
  1. Get vaccinated (e.g., Gardasil) before sexual activity begins.
  2. Use condoms during sexual activity
    (reduces but doesn’t eliminate risk).
  3. Regular screenings for cervical
    cancer in women.
42
Q

Caused by two types of viruses:
HSV-1: Primarily causes oral herpes
(cold sores).
HSV-2: Primarily causes genital herpes.

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2

43
Q

Causes and Transmission of Herpes

A

Transmitted through direct contact with

herpes sores, saliva, genital fluids, or skin-
to-skin contact.

Can be spread even when no visible sores
are present (asymptomatic shedding).

44
Q

Symptoms of Herpes

A

Painful blisters or sores around the
mouth, genitals, or anus.
Itching, tingling, or burning sensations
before sores appear.
Recurrences are common, triggered by
stress, illness, or weakened immunity.

45
Q

Treatment for Herpes

A

No cure, but antiviral medications (e.g.,
acyclovir, valacyclovir) reduce symptoms,
shorten outbreaks, and lower transmission
risk.

46
Q

Prevention for Herpes

A

Use condoms and avoid sexual contact
during outbreaks.
Openly communicate with partners about
herpes status.
Consider daily suppressive therapy for
frequent outbreaks or to reduce
transmission risk.

47
Q

Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among women of reproductive age, caused by the protozoan

A

Trichomonas vaginalis.

48
Q

Causes and Transmission of Trichomoniasis

A

Transmitted primarily through unprotected
vaginal sex.
Can infect both men and women, though
symptoms are more common in women.

49
Q

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis

A

Women
Vaginal discharge (frothy, yellow-green,
with a strong odor).
Itching, irritation, or discomfort during
urination or sex.
Men
Often asymptomatic but may have
irritation, discharge, or burning during
urination.

50
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis

A

Antibiotics, typically metronidazole or
tinidazole, taken as a single dose.
Both partners should be treated to
prevent reinfection.

51
Q

Prevention for Trichomoniasis

A

Use condoms during sexual activity.
Limit sexual partners and ensure mutual
testing for STIs.
Early treatment to prevent complications and
further transmission.

52
Q

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious (STI) disease caused by the

A

bacterium Treponema pallidum.

53
Q

Causes and Transmission of Syphilis

A

Transmitted through direct contact with
syphilitic sores during vaginal, anal, or oral
sex.
Can also be passed from mother to child
during pregnancy (congenital syphilis).

54
Q

Symptoms of Syphilis

A

Primary Stage:
Secondary Stage:
Latent Stage: Lasts years and decades
Tertiary Stage:

55
Q

21 days
Painless chancre sores at the infection site
(genitals, mouth, or anus).

A

Primary Stage of Syphilisis

56
Q

4-10 weeks
Skin rashes (often on palms/soles), fever,swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat.

A

Secondary Stage of Syphilisis

57
Q

No symptoms, but the infection remains in the
body and can progress.

A

Latent Stage of Syphilisis

58
Q

Severe damage to organs (heart, brain, nerves),
leading to complications like paralysis or
blindness.

A

Tertiary Stage of Syphilisis

59
Q

Treatment of Syphilis

A

Penicillin injections are highly
effective, especially in early stages.
Regular follow-up testing to confirm
cure.

60
Q

Prevention of Syphilis

A

Use condoms during sexual activity.
Regular STI testing for sexually active
individuals.
Early prenatal screening and
treatment to prevent congenital
syphilis.

Finals Human Rep (2 decks)

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