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1538 - Test 1 (Immunity, Sexuality, Mood/Affect, End of Life) > Sexuality > Flashcards

Sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

this begins at birth (sexuality, sexual maturation)

A

SEXUALITY begins at birth

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2
Q

this begins at puberty (sexuality, sexual maturation)

A

SEXUAL MATURATION begins at puberty

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3
Q

this is a human experience (sexuality, sexual health)

A

SEXUALITY is a human experience

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4
Q

this is a state of well-being, related to sexuality

A

SEXUAL HEALTH is a state of well-being related to sexuality

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5
Q

what term describes genital engorgement

A

VASOCONGESTION is genital engorgement

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6
Q

what term describes a muscle spasm

A

MYOTONIA is a muscle spasm

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7
Q

what term answers the question: “who am I?”

A

GENDER IDENTITY is who you are

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8
Q

what term answers the question: “who am I attracted to”?

A

SEXUAL ORIENTATION is who you are attracted to

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9
Q

what term describes painful intercourse

A

DYSPAREUNIA is painful intercourse

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10
Q

The 5 P’s approach during sexual assessment

A
  • partner
  • practices
  • prevention of pregnancy
  • protection of STD’s
  • past history of STD’s
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11
Q

what is the PLISSIT model?

A

the most commonly used + effective model for the assessment + intervention for sexual problems (sexual assessment)

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12
Q

what does PLISSIT stand for?

A 
P - permission
L - limited
I - information 
S - specific 
S - suggestions
I - intensive 
T - therapy
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13
Q

what populations are high risk for developing/contracting an STI?

A
  • women
  • men with male sexual partners
  • people younger than 25
  • people living in correctional facilities
  • sexual assault victims
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14
Q

what is an STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

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15
Q

what increases your risk for developing/contracting a STI?

A
  • having new and/or multiple partners, present or previous
  • more than 1 sexual partner
  • sexual partner that has or has had multiple partners
  • needle sharing for drug injection
  • alcohol/drug dependence
  • incorrect use of condoms/protection
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16
Q

what are some other factors in developing/contracting an STI?

A
  • not having had the available vaccines for any STIs
  • already having an STI
  • having HIV/AIDs
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17
Q

what causes STIs?

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • protoza
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18
Q

curable or treatable

A 
bacteria = curable
viruses = treatable
protoza = curable
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19
Q

how do you cure/treat these infections?

A 
bacteria = antibiotics
viruses = antivirals
protoza = antifungals
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20
Q

bacterial STIs

A 
gonorrhea = neissera gonorrhea
chlamydia = chlamydia trachomatis
syphilis = treponema pallidum
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21
Q

viral STIs

A 
herpes I & II = herpes simplex virus
HPV = human papilloma virus
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
hepatitis B & C
molluscum contagiosum
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22
Q

protozan STIs

A

trichomoniasis = trichomonas vaginalis

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23
Q

consent law regarding STIs + minors

A 
CAAMPS
C - contraceptive services
A - adoption
A - abortion
M - medical for babies/child
P - prenatal care
S - STI services
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24
Q

what STI requires reporting within 1 week

A

chlamydia

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25
Q

Chlamydia&raquo_space; males

A
  • painful urination (dysuria)
  • urethral discharge&raquo_space; clear in color
  • urethral irritation/itch
  • 50% are asymptomatic
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26
Q

Chlamydia&raquo_space; females

A
  • vaginal discharge
  • irregular vaginal spotting
  • painful sex
  • abdominal pain
  • asymptomatic
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27
Q

Chlamydia + testing

A

tissue culture: cervical/urethral = gold standard for testing/dx
**this is the only test admissible in court (rape cases)

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28
Q

NAAT: nucleic acid amplification test

A

swab OR urine sample

if urine sample = first urine of the day is PREFERABLE, but not required

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29
Q

what complications can come from having chlamydia&raquo_space; males

A
  • epididymitis = inflammation of the epididymis
  • infertility
  • urinary complications
  • Reiters syndrome (specific inflammatory response in the whole body)
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30
Q

what complications can come from having chlamydia&raquo_space; females

A
  • PID (pelvic inflammatory disease); if infection spreads to uterus + fallopian tubes
  • tubal pregnancy
  • infertility; if left untreated
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31
Q

how is Chlamydia treated?

A

-azithromycin - 1g PO dose, once (this is the only medication used if patient is pregnant)
OR
-doxycycline - 100mg, BID x7 days

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32
Q

when can the patient return to having sex?

A

***No sex for 7 days AFTER treatment is completed.

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33
Q

how long do you have before having to report gonorrhea?

A

1 week reporting required with gonorrhea

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34
Q

gonorrhea + symptoms

A

gonorrhea tends to have/show more symptoms than other STI’s; the #1 symptom of gonorrhea is green, yellow, thick discharge

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35
Q

gonorrhea&raquo_space; males: symptoms

A
  • urethritis
  • dysuria
  • profuse + purulant discharge
  • painful/swollen testies
  • sometimes there are NO symptoms
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36
Q

gonorrhea&raquo_space; females: symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic or minor symptoms overlooked
  • redness
  • swelling at contact site (usually cervix/urethra)
  • green/yellow discharge
  • dysuria
  • abdominal vaginal bleeding
  • vaginal pain
  • pelvic pain
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37
Q

gonorrhea&raquo_space; males: complications

A
  • epididymitis
  • infertility
  • urinary complications
  • arthritis
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38
Q

gonorrhea&raquo_space; females: complications

A
  • PID
  • pain
  • infertility
  • tubal pregnancy
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39
Q

gonorrhea treatment

A 
cefriaxone (Rocephin): 250mg, IM
PLUS
azithromycin: 1G, PO
or 
doxycycline, 100mg BID, x7 days
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40
Q

what medication is given to newborns as a precaution for gonorrhea exposure during vaginal delivery?

A

erythromycin

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41
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

curable STI, does not require reporting

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42
Q

trichomoniasis&raquo_space; males: symptoms

A

burning w/ urination + slight discharge

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43
Q

trichomoniasis&raquo_space; females: symptoms

A

frothy vaginal discharge, foul smell + genital itching + painful intercourse + dysuria

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44
Q

is trichomoniasis likely to cause any long term complications/effects?

A

NO, not known/likely to cause any complications/long term effects

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45
Q

how is trichomoniasis diagnoised?

A

vaginal discharge is observed under microscope OR via NAAT with urine sample

46
Q

how does trichomoniasis look under a microscope?

A

looks like a huge sperm, large head with a long tail, moves/wiggles ALOT

47
Q

trichomoniasis treatment

A

metronidazole: PO, 1 dose, 1-7 days
**DO NOT drink alcohol with this medication
»>check for other STIs when trichomoniasis is present

48
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A
  • *this is sexually facilitated NOT an STI

* *men cannot have BV

49
Q

Bacterial vaginosis symptoms

A

white/grey discharge w/ fishy odor, more noticeable right after sex

50
Q

Bacterial vaginosis complications

A
  • PID

- preterm labor + birth

51
Q

Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis

A
  • saline wet mount (clue cells)
  • whiff test
  • pH, 4.5+
52
Q

Bacterial vaginosis treatment

A

metronidazole: PO dosing, 1 or 7 days
clindamycin: PO
»vaginal preparations - metron. gel + clinda cream

53
Q

are the male partners treated for BV?

A

NO, the male partners do not need to be treated for BV, BV treatment in males has not proved effective

54
Q

BV and douching

A

DO NOT DOUCHE, before during or after BV infection

55
Q

what is PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

56
Q

what causes PID

A

untreated pelvic/cervical infections; mainly gonorrhea + chlamydia

57
Q

is PID always caused by STI?

A

NO, PID can be caused by other things

58
Q

is PID reportable?

A

YES, PID has the highest need/requirement for reporting, because of its highest rate for infertility

59
Q

PID symptoms

A
  • pain
  • bleeding with sex
  • fever
  • chills
  • cramping
60
Q

PID complications

A
  • septic shock
  • perihepatitis (inflammation of lining of liver)
  • abscess
  • peritonitis (inflammation of abd wall lining)
  • embolism
  • adhesions: structures in fallopian tubes
  • 10-fold = increased risk for eptopic pregnancy
  • infertility
61
Q

PID clinical findings

A

abdominal, adnexal, cervical motion tenderness

62
Q

PID treatment

A

STI screenings + outpatient treatment w/ antibiotics

63
Q

PT teaching for PID

A

if PO antibiotics do not cure/fix symptoms, IV antibiotics at hospital will be necessary

  • *PELVIC REST = must
  • *NO SEX x3 weeks after symptoms subside
64
Q

Genital Herpes: initial outbreak symptoms

A
  • pain + itching @ virus entry site
  • cluster + blisters that open/form painful sores
  • open sores last 17-21 days
65
Q

Genital Herpes: recurrent outbreak symptoms

A
  • tingling + itching + burning BEFORE sores appear
  • pain traveling down leg, BEFORE sores appear
  • heals w/in 8-12 days
66
Q

Genital Herpes: sores healing time

A

initial outbreak: 17-21 days

recurrent outbreak: 8-12 days

67
Q

Genital Herpes: complictions

A
  • urinary retention
  • emotional impact
  • aseptic meningitis + lower motor neuron damage&raquo_space; atonic bladder, impotence + constipation
68
Q

what does lower motor neuron damage lead to?

A

ATONIC BLADDER: atonic/flaccid bladder - impotence; constipation

69
Q

How is Genital Herpes diagnoised?

A

CULTURE: swab of lesion; break open sore + swab secretions = GOLD STANDARD dx

70
Q

Does a blood test suffice for Genital Herpes dx?

A

NO! Blood tests only show there is a current/active infection, does not show where!

71
Q

What does treatment for Genital Herpes look like?

A

Acyclovir - antiviral; given continuously or during active breakout!

  • **this medication does NOT help with the pain
  • lidocaine ointment is given to treat the pain
72
Q

How soon can I have sex after a herpes outbreak?

A

NO sex for 7 days AFTER the sores/lesions have healed

73
Q

what is HPV?

A

Human papilloma virus - genital warts

74
Q

what is the most common STI?

A

HPV - genital warts

75
Q

how is HPV transmitted?

A

vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has the virus; via direct skin/skin contact

76
Q

what is the most common way HPV is transmitted?

A

most commonly spread via vaginal/anal sex; can be passed when person infected has ZERO symptoms

77
Q

what is the incubation period for HPV?

A

3-4 months, average; but can be longer!

78
Q

HPV symptoms

A
  • warty, granular surface, painless, flesh colored growths
  • *in genital/anal areas
  • malodorous (foul smelling) vaginal discharge
  • painful/burning urination
  • pruritus (severe itching)
  • bleeding during + after sex
79
Q

how soon do symptoms occur after sex with infected person?

A

Symptoms can occur/develop YEARS after sex with an infected person, but this isn’t what always happens

80
Q

HPV treatment

A

***IN MOST CASES it goes away on its own + does not cause any problems; BUT if it does not go away on its own, it CAN lead to complications

81
Q

do most people know about having HPV?

A

most people DO NOT know that they are infected/do not have any problems!

82
Q

HPV complications

A
  • genital cancers in men & women
  • **cervical cancer is the MOST common; cancers of the vulva, penis, anus are possible
  • if left untreated, can spread extensively
83
Q

How do you test a persons having HPV?

A

there is no test to determine a persons status; verify a persons sexual hx, physical exam, HPV DNA test, pap smear, biopsy - PRN

84
Q

HPV treatment

A

be sure to get the HPV vaccine; at ages 11 or 12 > 26 years old + get routine cervical cancer screens
**there is NO treatment for this virus, more treatment for the health issues related to/that it can cause

85
Q

HPV treatment: medications used

A
  • Podoflox 5% liquid gel
  • Imiquamod 5% cream
  • surgical removal
  • podophylli laser
86
Q

does Syphilis need to be reported?

A

YES!!!!
primary + secondary stage = report within 1 work day
tertiary = report within 1 week

87
Q

Syphilis transmission

A

> > incubation = 10-90 days; 21 day average

  • transmitted via DIRECT contact with chancre sore
  • CAN be transmitted from mother to unborn baby
88
Q

does Syphilis reoccur?

A

NO; but you can be reinfected after treatment/virus is resolved

89
Q

Syphilis: primary stage symptoms

A

-1+ painless sore (chancre)
-appear at or around genitals or mouth
»3-8 week duration
**HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

90
Q

Syphilis: secondary stage symptoms

A

-non itchy rash on trunk, soles + palms
-warts on genitals
-flu like symptoms
-patchy hairloss
»1-2 year duration
***HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

91
Q

Syphilis: latent stage

A
  • no noticeable symptoms
  • duration through life
  • *may or may not be contagious
92
Q

Syphilis: Tertiary stage symptoms

A

-gummas (small bumps of dead tissues/fibers)
-systemic involvement
-can cause long term effects
»duration: chronic + possible fatel
***NOT CONTAGIOUS

93
Q

Syphilis complications

A
  • can invade CNS/nervous system during ANY stage
  • *neurosyphilis
  • *occularsyphilis
94
Q

Syphilis dx’d

A
  • screening; if positive move onto confirmatory testing
  • Screening: VDRL or RPR
  • Confirmatory: MHA-TP or FTA-ABS
95
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units; IM x1 dose

  • repeat tests at 6 months + 12 months
  • spinal tap at 1 year
96
Q

Syphilis patient teachings

A

ABSTAIN from SEX w/ new partners until chancre sores have completely healed
***notify previous sex partners

97
Q

what is HIV?

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

98
Q

does HIV have to be reported?

A

YES! HIV must be reported:
within 1 week for NON acute infections
within 1 day for acute infections

99
Q

how is HIV transmitted?

A

sexually and non-sexually

**ALL STAGES ARE CONTAGIOUS

100
Q

HIV symptoms: primary/initial stage

A

-flu like illness

|&raquo_space;2-4 weeks after infection

101
Q

HIV symptoms: asymptomatic infection

A

current infection with no symptoms

102
Q

HIV symptomatic infection symptoms

A
  • weight loss
  • swollen glands
  • nigh sweats
  • memory loss
  • fatigue
  • depression
  • fever
  • chronic yeast infection
  • dry cough
  • diarrhea
103
Q

HIV medications

A

medications can help prevent additional infection; does not cure

104
Q

Hepatitis B + C reporting

A

Report Hepatitis B + C:
within 1 week
OR
1 day if perinatal or a child

105
Q

Hepatitis B transmission

A
  • vertical to neonate
  • sexual contact
  • injected drugs
  • ***sharing toothbrushes, razors, needle sticks, exposure to infected blood
106
Q

Hepatitis C transmission

A
  • blood IV drug use
  • vertical to neonate
  • sexual transmission is low BUT pts seeking STI treatment should be screened
107
Q

Hepatitis symptoms

A
  • N/V
  • fever
  • fatigue
  • abd pain
  • clay colored stools
  • jaundice
  • pruritus
  • joint pain
  • dark urine
  • loss of appetite
108
Q

Hepatitis complications

A
  • cirrhosis

- liver cancer

109
Q

HEP C treatment

A

interferon + ribavirin

INTERRIB = HEP C

110
Q

HEP B treatment

A

interferon + tenofovir + lamividine

INTERTENOLAM = HEP B

111
Q

Hepatitis teachings

A

-avoid all meds, OTC, unless prescribed by PCP
-NO alcohol
-rest
-small frequent meals; high carb, mod fat + protein
****AVOID sex until antibody teaching results
»follow guidelines for transmission

1538 - Test 1 (Immunity, Sexuality, Mood/Affect, End of Life) (5 decks)

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