Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction

Question 1

what does Asexual Reproduction produce?

Answer 1

clones

Question 2

what are clones?

Answer 2

genetically identical copies

Question 3

what is mitosis a form of?

Answer 3

asexual reproduction

Question 4

what does the parent cell produce?

Answer 4

identical daughter cells

Question 5

what is mitosis used for?

Answer 5

reproduction, growth & development. and repair

Question 6

what are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

they don’t need to find a partner ; they can reproduce by themselves

Question 7

what are the disadvantages to asexual reproduction?

Answer 7

there is no chance to improve the species ; they can’t evolve

Question 8

what are examples of asexual reproduction?

Answer 8

yeast, Paramecium, Amoeba, and Hydra

Question 9

what does sexual reproduction produce?

Answer 9

gametes

Question 10

what are gametes?

Answer 10

genetically different zygotes

Question 11

what are the phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 11

G1, S, G2, M

Question 12

what happens in G1?

Answer 12

resting and growth

Question 13

what happens in S phase?

Answer 13

DNA replication

Question 14

what happens in G2?

Answer 14

growth and prep for mitosis

Question 15

what happens in M phase?

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

what happens to normal cells need to do during the cell cycle?

Answer 16

they need to divide

Question 17

what do cells need to so when the surface area to volume ration becomes too small?

Answer 17

cells need to divide

Question 18

what happens when cells grow?

Answer 18

their volume increases faster than their surface area

Question 19

what happens during prophase?

Answer 19

DNA folds into chromosomes and chromosomes are duplicated

Question 20

what happens during metaphase?

Answer 20

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers

Question 21

what happens during anaphase?

Answer 21

chromosomes separate and start moving to opposite ends of the cell

Question 22

what happens during telophase?

Answer 22

cytokinesis occurs and cells start to divide and the nucleus forms again

Question 23

what is the result of mitosis?

Answer 23

there are 2 exact genetic copies of the original cells ; the cells are clones with the same DNA

Question 24

how many chromosomes per cell at the start and at the end of mitosis?

Answer 24

there are 2 chromosomes at the start and 2 at the end

Question 25

where is an an example of where mitosis can be observed?

Answer 25

a whitefish embryo

Question 26

what is crossing-over and when does it occur?

Answer 26

crossing over is when chromosomes exchange genes during meiosis 1

Question 27

how many possibilities are there for each sperm?

Answer 27

70,368,744,000,000 possibilities

Question 28

what is gene frequency?

Answer 28

the amount of a particular allele present in a given population

Question 29

what is a gene pool?

Answer 29

all of the genes available in a given population

Question 30

what is mitosis?

Answer 30

mitosis is a process of cell division in eukaryotic cells that results in the production of 2 genetically identical daughter cells. it plays a crucial role in growth repair and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

Question 31

what are the phases of mitosis in order?

Answer 31

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 32

what happens during interphase in mitosis?

Answer 32

the cell prepares for division by growing and duplicating its DNA

Question 33

what happens during prophase during mitosis?

Answer 33

chromosomes condense, becoming visible under a microscope. the nuclear envelops dissolves, and spindle fibers form.

Question 34

what happens during metaphase during mitosis?

Answer 34

chromosomes align at the cells equator, known as the metaphase plate

Question 35

what happens during anaphase during mitosis?

Answer 35

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by the spindle fibers

Question 36

what happens during telophase during mitosis?

Answer 36

chromatids reach the poles, and new nuclear envelopes form around them. the chromosomes begin the de-condense

Question 37

what happens during cytokinesis during mitosis?

Answer 37

the cell's cytoplasm divides, creating 2 distinct daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes

Question 38

what happens during meiosis?

Answer 38

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, resulting in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The process involves two sequential divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, each consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages.

Question 39

what happens during prophase 1 of meiosis 1?

Answer 39

chromosomes get cozy and swap tails (crossing over). the cell gets ready for division

Question 40

what happens during metaphase 1 of meiosis 1?

Answer 40

chromosomes line up with their partner (homologous chromosomes) in the middle

Question 41

what happens during anaphase 1 of meiosis 1

Answer 41

partners separate and go to opposite sides

Question 42

what happens during telophase 1 of meiosis 1?

Answer 42

the cell divides into 2, each with half the number of chromosomes. it's like having 2 cells, but each still has 2 strands (chromatids)

Question 43

what happens during prophase 2 of meiosis 2?

Answer 43

if there was a nuclear envelope, it disapears. new spindle fibers show up

Question 44

what happens during metaphase 2 of meiosis 2?

Answer 44

chromosomes line up in each of the two cells

Question 45

what happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis 2?

Answer 45

the strands (now called chromosomes) split and move to opposite sides

Question 46

what happens during telophase 2 during meiosis 2?

Answer 46

the cell divides again, and you end up with four cells, each with just one strand (chromosome)

Question 47

what is the result of meiosis?

Answer 47

starting with one cell, you end up with four cells, and each has half the number of chromosomes. This is crucial for making special cells (gametes) for reproduction, ensuring the offspring gets a mix of traits from both parents.