Sexual response, disorders Sex therapy CH 18

Question 1

Why do people have sex?

Answer 1

237 different reasons

Question 2

What was the study by Meston and Buss in 2017?

Answer 2

They had several thousand people report why they have sex and they uncovered 715 different reasons and reduced that to 237 distinct reasons why people have sex.

Question 3

What categories did Meston and buss create from their results?

Answer 3

1. Top 50 reasons why men and women have sex.
2. Top 50 most infrequent reasons why men and women have sex.
3. Top 50 largest gender differences in why men and women have sex.

Question 4

What was Freuds belief of the female sexual response?

Answer 4

Clitoral Orgasm – > Immature (childish)

Vaginal orgasm –> Mature (Adult)

Question 5

What was Kinsey’s belief of the sexual response?

Answer 5

-Females and Males are similar in anatomy and physiology but females “Lesser sexual capacity” –> Lesser desire and interest in sex.

Question 6

What was Masters and Johnsons belief of sexual response?

Answer 6

• Claimed that females and males orgasms are far more similar than different (Ex. Physiologically the same)
• Claimed that females capacity far exceeded males (ex. ability to have multiple orgasms until total exhaustion)

Question 7

What is the LINEAR model of sexual response?

Answer 7

Desire–> Arousal –> Orgasm –> Resolution

This was tested by hooking people up to machines and have them engage in sexual activity.

Question 8

What is Rosemary Basson’s 2005 model?

Answer 8

The circular model of sexual response.

Question 9

What are the steps to the circular model of sexual response?

Answer 9

No strict entry to any of the steps. You may enter at any Time.

Question 10

What are Bassons reasons for sex?

Answer 10

Avoidance = Trying to avoid a negative. “Get it over with”

Approach = To get something positive out of it. “have fun”

Note: less likely to have a satisfying outcome when in for avoidance

Question 11

What are sexual stimuli?

Answer 11

The things that turn you on. associated with the 5 sense, Visual, Auditory, Touch, Smell, taste

Question 12

What is the “context” section of Bassons circular model of sexual response?

Answer 12

Environment = Physical space you are in. Hot? cold? parent next door?

Interpersonal = How you are feeling about your partner, annoyed? happy? in love?.

Question 13

What are the biological and psychological factors of Basson’s circular model of sexual response?

Answer 13

Biological = Medications, Stress hormones.

Psychological = Stress, anxiety, performance activity, anxiety about sex.

Question 14

What is the Sexual Arousal portion of Basson’s circular model?

Answer 14

• The mind/body in good conditions then arousal will happen.
• Physical = Heart rate, muscular tensions.
• Psychological = Feeling in the mood. sexually aroused.

Question 15

What is the responsive desire & increased arousal portion of the circular model?

Answer 15

Desire = The wanting to engage in sex.

Question 16

What is the outcome portion of the circular model?

Answer 16

Physical= Pleasure, Orgasm.

Emotional= Close to your partner.

Question 17

What is spontaneous desire?

Answer 17

……..

Question 18

How normal is a sexual problem?

Answer 18

-Many people experience a sexual problem at some point in their lives.
(Shows up and goes away with time)
-ex. last 6 months 59% of men and 68% of women
-ex. Almost all university student reported a sexual problem at some point but would usually go away.

Question 19

What are the sexual problem categories?

Answer 19

• Desire
• Excitement
• Orgasm
• Pain

Question 20

What are the different variations regarding sexual disorders?

Answer 20

• Lifelong vs. Acquired

- Situational vs. generalized

Question 21

What are the female sexual disorders?

Answer 21

1. Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (most common)
2. Female orgasmic disorder
3. Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder.

Question 22

What are the male sexual disorders?

Answer 22

1. Hyperactive sexual desire disorder.
2. Erectile disorder (most commonly seek therapy)
3. Premature (Early) ejaculation.
4. Delayed ejaculation.

Question 23

What is the “New View Critique”?

Answer 23

A group of sex therapists that came together to identify the three major flaws in the DSM-5 sexual disorder section.

1. Diagnostic categories treat male and female sexuality as equivalent when they differ in important ways.
2. They ignore the relational context of sexuality and desires for emotional intimacy.
3. They ignore differences among women and naturally occurring variations in women’s sexuality.

Question 24

What are the New Views proposed categories?

Answer 24

1. Sexual problems due to socio-cultural, political, or economic factors. (Poor sex education, Lack of sex interest because of life/work)
2. Sexual problems relating to partner and relationships. (Sex inhibition from fear of abuse)
3. Sexual problems due to medical factors. (Mental health, sexual aversion, personality issues. etc.)
4. Sexual problems due to medical factors. (STI’s, Medication, Pregnancy)

Question 25

What is the Biopsychosocial approach to understanding health?

Answer 25

Assesses Biology, Psychology and social contexts that can be responsible for health outcomes.

Question 26

What are some Biological causes of sexual response/disorders?

Answer 26

• Physiological (General health).
• Medical (Diabetes, vascular diseases, Nerve damage, etc).
• Drugs (Alcohol, prescription drugs and recreational drugs)

Question 27

What are the psychological factors that contribute to individuals sex responses / disorders?

Answer 27

1. Negative attitudes
2. Relationship distress
3. Lifestyle
4. Psychological Distress
5. Techniques and communication
6. Anxiety
7. Myths and misinformation.

Question 28

How can we treat the psychological factors contributing to someones sexual disorder?

Answer 28

1. Negative attitudes (Psychoeducation, CBT)
2. Relationship distress (Couples therapy)
3. Lifestyle (PROBLEM SOLVING, SCHEDULING)
4. Psychological Distress (Individual Therapy)
5. Techniques and Communication (Psychoeducation, Couples Therapy)
6. Anxiety (CBT)
7. Myths and Misinformation (Psychoeducation)

Question 29

What is the format of a sex therapy session?

Answer 29

1. Assessment. (Biopsychosocial)
2. Frequency of sessions. (6 sessions approx)
3. Session format. (Ask how the HW went and discuss for 20-30mins and assign more)
4. Ground rules. (ex. hand held mirror, body image exercise, supplies and then also for example prescribe them to not have sex) varies per partner.

Question 30

What is the earliest model discussed in sex therapy?

Answer 30

Bassons, circular model of sexual response.

Question 31

How is Sensate Focus introduced in sex therapy?

Answer 31

1. Self-exploration
   - Look at your genitals in a small mirror.
2. Self-pleasuring
   - practice sensuality without breast and genitals
   - practice sensuality with breasts and genitals (Pleasure)
   - practice sensuality with breast and genitals to reach orgasm
3. Mutual Pleasuring
   - -practice sensuality without breast and genitals
   - practice sensuality with breasts and genitals (Pleasure)
   - practice sensuality with breast and genitals to reach orgasm
4. Intercourse.
   * This teaches touch through sensuality vs. goal driven sexual pleasure*

Question 32

What is the Plissit model?

Answer 32

P - Permission
LI - Limited Information
SS - Specific Suggestions
IT- Intensive Therapy

Question 33

How does the PLISSIT model help with sexual difficulties?

Answer 33

Permission - Helps others feel comfortable about a topic.
Limited Information - “Everybody’s genitals look different”
Specific Suggestions - Relate to a specific situation.
Intensive Therapy - Specialist of a sex therapist.