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Biology > Sexual reproduction in flowering plants > Flashcards

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants Flashcards

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1
Q

When sepal and petal look same they are called?

A

Tepal

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2
Q

Non essential flower organs

A

Petals and sepals

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3
Q

Essential flower organs

A

Androecium and gynoecium

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4
Q

Stamen consists of?

A

Anther and Filament

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5
Q

Microsporangia mature and forms______

A

Pollen sacs

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6
Q

4 layers of anther

A

Epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, tapetum

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7
Q

What is microsporogenesis?

A

The formation of haploid microscopes from diploid microspore mother cell inside pollen sac by meiotic division .

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8
Q

microspore develops into______

A

Pollen grains

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9
Q

male gametophyte?

A

Pollen grains

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10
Q

nutritional layer of anther wall?

A

Tapetum

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11
Q

Ploidy level of the cells in microspore tetrad is_____

A

Haploid

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12
Q

Cell wall of pollen grain?

A

Sporoderm - exine and intine

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13
Q

exine is made up of

A

Sporollenin ( one of the most resistant organic material known) .

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14
Q

What helps in fossilization of pollen grain?

A

Sporollenin

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15
Q

What is intine made up of?

A

Cellulose and Pectin

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16
Q

what is germ pore?

A

Area where sporollenin is absent

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17
Q

examples of plant causing pollen allergy

A

Parthenium (carrot grass), Amanranthus, Chenopodium

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18
Q

Pollen grain diameter

A

25- 50 um

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19
Q

What can break sporollenin?

A

stigmatic fluid of the same species

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20
Q

What is pollen viability?

A

The period for which the pollen grains retain the ability to germinate on landing on the stigma

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21
Q

storage of pollen grains for years

A

in N2 at -196 C

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22
Q

Pollen viability of wheat and rice

A

30 minutes

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23
Q

Pollen grain are divided into

A

Two parts
VEGETATIVE CELL - bigger in size , store food
GENERATIVE CELL- small and floats in the cytoplasm of vegetative cell.

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24
Q

The study of external morphology of nature of pollen grains

A

Palynology

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25
Q

Free unit of gynoecium

A

Pistil

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26
Q

Components of Pistil

A

stigma, style, ovary

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27
Q

A multicarpellary pistil may be

A
  1. Apocarpous- Carpels are free from each other, ovaries can be fused.
  2. Synocarpous- Carpels are fused, ovaries can be free
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28
Q

Ovarian Cavity

A

Locules

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29
Q

Parenchymatous tissue in ovary

A

Placenta

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30
Q

Parenchymatous means

A

whenever the tissue is parenchymatous it means it store food

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31
Q

Seedless fruit is obtained from

A

Parthenocarpy

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32
Q

Stalk of ovule is called?

A

Funicle

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33
Q

Two ends of Ovule

A

CHALAZAL END- basal end

MICROPYLAR END- upper end

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34
Q

What is hilum?

A

junction between ovule and funicle or the point of attachment of funicle to the ovule

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35
Q

What is integument?

A

one or more protective envelops which surround the body of ovule

36
Q

What is Nucellus?

A

the parenchymatous mass of tissue which forms the body of the ovule

37
Q

In most flowering plants, pollination takes place at ____ celled stage

A

3

38
Q

Mature male gametophyte is_______celled and ______ nucleate

A

one celled and two nucleate

39
Q

Female gametophyte

A

Embryo sac

40
Q

What is megasporogenesis?

A

The process of formation of megaspores from megaspore mother cell (MMC)

41
Q

Importance of meiosis in megaspore mother cell

A

to ensure the formation of a haploid female gamete before fertillization

42
Q

What is monosporic embryo (polygonum) sac?

A

the formation of embryo sac from single megaspore

43
Q

Development of monosporic embryo sac (polygonum)

A

the functional haploid megaspore enlarges in size and by means of three successive meiotic divisions gives rise to an 8 nucleate embryo sac

44
Q

embryo sac consists of ____ cells and _____ nuclei

A

7 cells and 8 nuclei

45
Q

Egg apparatus?

A

group of 3 cells situated at micropylar end

46
Q

Two types of cell in egg apparatus

A

centrally located egg cell which has a large vacuole

at the sides two synergids

47
Q

What are the finger like structures present in synergids?

A

filiform apparatus. It attracts and guide the pollen tube

48
Q

What is polar nuclei?

A

situated in the center of embryo sac. large BINUCLEATE cell

49
Q

What are Antipodals?

A

The three cell situtated at the chalazal end. They degenerate soon after fertilization

50
Q

In monosporic embryo sac of a flowering plants, ____ no. of nuclei get surrounded by cell walls and are organized into cells

A

6 no. of nuclei get surrounded by cell wall

51
Q

The arrangement of the nuclei in a normal embryo sac in dicot plant is

A

3+2+3

52
Q

Polygonum type of embryo sac is found in __% of flowering plants

A

80%

53
Q

_____ are the vegetative cells of embryo sac

A

Antipodal

54
Q

Characteristic feature of endothecium in anther wall layers?`

A

cells of this layer have alpha cellulosic fibrous bands arising from inner tangential wall . It helps in dehiscence of anther.

55
Q

Pollen posses a sticky, oily covering called_____

A

Pollen kit

56
Q

A mature male gametophyte is

A

three celled

57
Q

Shedding of pollen takes place at two celled in ____% of angiosperms

A

60%

58
Q

Which plants came in India as a contaminant with imported wheat and is a major reason of pollen allergy in india

A

Parthenium

59
Q

Most common type of ovule which is found in 82% of angiosperms

A

Anatropous ( ovule turns at 180 degree)

60
Q

When ovule as well as embryo sac is curved like a horse shoe , the type is called

A

amphitropous

61
Q

when micropyle, chalaza and funicle are in straight line

A

orthotropus

62
Q

When ovule is turned 90 degree

A

hemitropous

63
Q

Out of linear tetrad of four haploid megaspores, how many are functional and how many degenerate?

A 
1 is functional ( chalazal end)
3 degenerate ( micropylar end)
64
Q

The two nuclei of central cell fuse and forms____

A

secondary nucleus

65
Q

Integumented megasporangium is also called ____

A

ovule

66
Q

The embryo sac lies at the ________ end

A

micropylar

67
Q

Examples of cleistogamy ( flower does not open)

A

Viola, oxalis, commelina

68
Q

Advantages of cleistogamy

A

(a) ensures seed formation even in the absence of any pollinating agent
(b) cheaper for the plant as there is no need for producing nectar or fragrance

69
Q

Disadvantages of cleistogamy

A

no genetic diversity

70
Q

What is homogamy?

A

Maturation of both androecium and gynoecium

71
Q

What is geitanogamy?

A

transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma of another flower but of same plant. It is genetically similar as homogamy.

72
Q

What is xenogamy?

A

transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of another flower of different plant but of same species

73
Q

what is anemophily? example?

A

pollination by wind. examples- grass, wheat, sugarcane, bamboo, maize

74
Q

Two types of hydrophily

A

1) EPIHYDROPHILY- on the surface of water eg. vallisneria.

2) HYPOHYDROPHILY- below the surface of the water. eg. Zoostera

75
Q

true or false

In water lily, pollination is carried out by water

A

false

76
Q

What is entomophily?

A

Pollination by insects

77
Q

Flower rewards

A

nectar, safe place for laying eggs

78
Q

Special feature of flowers pollinated by moths

A

Moth fly at night so the flower need to be heavily scented not heavily coloured. The flowers pollinated by moths are generally white.

79
Q

Examples of flowers which provide insects a safe place for laying eggs

A

Anormophallus, Pronuba moth lay eggs in yucca plants

80
Q

What are outbreeding devices?

A

Devices or features of plant which discourage self fertilization and promote cross pollination

81
Q

Generative pollen tube was destroyed by a laser but a normal pollen tube was still formed because

A

vegetative cell was not damaged

82
Q

Angiospermic plant have chromosome no. of 12. What will be the chromosome no. in integuments and nucellus?

A

12

83
Q

Exine of the pollen is formed by the activity of

A

tapetum

84
Q

Male gametes or sperm are developed from generative cell by

A

mitotic division

85
Q

In dicots the most common pollen tetrad is

A

tetrahedral

86
Q

When the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle, the phenomenon is known as

A

Porogamy

87
Q

Which type of association s found between entamophilous flower and pollinating agent

A

mutalism

Biology (2 decks)

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