Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis, Mitosis Review

Question 1

Haploid Cell

Answer 1

cell with one set of chromosomes

Question 2

Diploid Cell

Answer 2

cell with two sets of chromosomes

Question 3

Binary Fission

Answer 3

manner by which prokaryotes reproduce asexually

Question 4

Steps of Binary Fission

Answer 4

cell elongates
dna copies
cell undergoes cytokinesis

Question 5

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 5

chromosomes with the same genes in the same order but potentially different alleles

Question 6

Non-Homologous Chromosome

Answer 6

chromosomes which carry different sets of genes

Question 7

How many chromosomes does a person have?

Answer 7

46 total chromosomes, 22 pairs of homologous autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 8

Asexual reproduction

Answer 8

only one parent or parent cell

Question 9

Sexual reproduction

Answer 9

two parents combine genetic material

Question 10

Asexual sources of genetic variation

Answer 10

rare mutations

Question 11

Sexual sources of genetic variation

Answer 11

crossing over, random assortment, random selection of gametes

Question 12

independent assortment

Question 13

recombination

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

process of cell division

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

production of haploid gametes

Question 16

Alleles

Answer 16

varieties of the same gene

Question 17

Somatic Cell

Answer 17

non reproductive cell

Question 18

Germ Cell

Answer 18

reproductive cell

Question 19

Karyotype

Answer 19

metaphase chromosomes viewed under a microscope

Question 20

Autosome

Answer 20

non sex chromosome

Question 21

Sex Chromosome

Answer 21

chromosome which determines sex and gamete production of an organism

Question 22

Gamete

Answer 22

haploid male or female germ cell

Question 23

Zygote

Answer 23

diploid cell formed from fertilized gametes

Question 24

Prophase 1

Answer 24

replicated chromosomes condense
nuclear envelope breaks down
spindle forms
synapsis

Question 25

Prophase 2

Answer 25

chromosomes condense
nuclear envelope breaks down
mitotic spindle forms

Question 26

Metaphase 1

Answer 26

tetrads line up at metaphase plate

Question 27

Metaphase 2

Answer 27

microtubules line up chromatids at metaphase plate

Question 28

Anaphase 1

Answer 28

homologous chromosomes separate leaving sister chromatids together

Question 29

Anaphase 2

Answer 29

chromatids pull apart

Question 30

Telophase 1

Answer 30

paired chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 31

Telophase 2

Answer 31

chromatids separated at poles
kinetochore breaks down
nuclear envelope forms

Question 32

Tetrad

Answer 32

4 chromatids

Question 33

Independent Assortment

Answer 33

homologues align randomly, number of possible gametes is 2^haploid number

Question 34

Synapsis

Answer 34

homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis 1

Question 35

Recombination

Answer 35

exchange of equivalent material from other homologous chromosomes

Question 36

Parental Chromosome

Answer 36

chromosome similar to a parent’s

Question 37

Recombinant Chromosome

Answer 37

chromosome which has crossed over

Question 38

Meiosis 1

Answer 38

separation of homologous chromosomes

Question 39

Meiosis 2

Answer 39

separation of sister chromatids

Question 40

Diplontic life cycle

Answer 40

gametes fertilize to form a zygote
zygote undergoes mitosis
multicellular organism undergoes meiosis to produce gametes

Question 41

Haplontic life cycle

Answer 41

organism undergoes mitosis
gamete introduced to form zygote
meiosis creates 2 new haploid organisms