Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
Sexual reproduction
Production and fusion of gametes to form a zygote
Testis
Produces sperm and testosterone
Epididymis
Matured and stores sperm
Sperm duct
Carries speed from epididymis to urethra
Urethra
Allows passage of sperm and urine
Penis
Place sperm inside female body
Scrotum
Holds testes at lower temperature
Seminal vesicles
Secretes alkaline fluid - protects sperm in vagina
Prostate gland
Fluid nourishes and activates sperm
Coopers gland
Secretes mucus - neutralises urine in the urethra
Semen
Sperm + seminal fluid
FSH males
Follicle stimulating hormone
- produced by pituitary gland
- stimulates sperm
- meiosis occurs in testes
Testosterone
Develop secondary sex characteristics.
Secretes in testes
LH males
Luteinising Hormone
- pituitary gland
- testosterone to develop
Male secondary sex characteristics
Facial and pubic hair
Enlargement of larynx
Growth spurt
Ovary
Produces eggs, oestrogen and progesterone
Fallopian tube
Site of fertilisation.
Uterus
Site of implantation,
Hold embryo ,
Forms placenta
Vagina
Allows entry of sperm + exit of baby
Oestrogen
Produced in ovary , causes endometrium to develop
Progesterone
Produced by ovary, keeps endometrium built up, stops uterus from contracting
Female secondary sex characteristic
Enlargement of breasts
Widening of pelvis
Pubic and underarm hair
Menstrual cycle
Day 1-5
Uterus lining breaks down
Menstruation
New egg produced by meiosis
Surrounded by Graafian follicle
Menstrual cycle
Day 6-14
Oestrogen produced by GF
Uterus lining builds up again
Day 14 - menstrual cycle
Ovulation occurs
GF bursts and releases egg
Menstrual cycle
Day 14-28
GF develops into Corpus Luteum
Endometrium thickens
Menstrual disorder
Fibroids
Benign tumour in uterus wall , consists of muscle and connective tissues
Cause of fibroids
Symptoms
Treatment
Abnormal response to pill
Heavy bleeding , pain, infertility
Surgery
Labour stages
- Dilation stage
- Expulsion stage
- Placental stage
Lactation
Secretion of milk from mammary glands
Benefits of breastfeeding
- essential antibodies (fight infection )
- balance of nutrients
- little fat - easier to digest
Birth control
Methods taken to limit number of children born
Abortion
Termination of pregnancy
Contraception
Deliberate prevention of fertilisation
Male contraception
Condoms
Spermicide
Sperm ducts cut and tied
Female contraception
No sex on fertile period
Diaphragms
The pill
Fallopian tunes cut and tied
In vitro fertilisation
Fertilisation outside the body
Male causes of infertility
Low sperm counts
Low sperm mobility
Endocrine gland failure
