sexual identity Flashcards
Reincarnation: Would you come back as the same gender or the opposite gender?
Other Gender: 30%
Other Gender for A Day: 67%
Trans PULSE Project (N = 433 in Ontario)
Poor Health Care: 10% refused care, 25% belittled, 40% discrimination by family doctor.
Police Harassment: 40%
Employment: 13% fired, 18% turned down for job.
Prejudice & Discrimination: 98% one or more incident.
Despair: 43% attempted suicide, 10% in last year.
Youth Rates:
18% of Gez Z is queer compared to 10% of millennials.
Breakdown:
4% gay, 9% bisexual, 2% pansexual/omnisexual, 2% asexual, and 1% as other. Largest difference is bisexuality.
Two Pillars of Human Flourishing:
Positive social institutions and positive relationships.
Minority Stress Model:
Proposes that social stigma create more stressful environments which cause mental health problems. The higher rates reflect 1) the exposure to maltreatment, 2) lack of support and rejection, and 3) stress of identity concealment.
Differences Between Gays and Lesbians:
Gay men also reach developmental milestones earlier than lesbians. Lesbians experience first same-gender attraction at age 14, compared to age 11 for boys.
difference between gay and lesbian:
Sex Definitions
Gay men define transition to active partnered sex in terms of first anal sex experience while lesbians define it in terms of oral sex and genital fondling.
prenatal factors 2D:4D Finger-Length Ratio
Index finger (2D) and Ring Finger (4D). Men have lower ratios: fingers index finger is shorter than ring finger. Lesbians also have lower 2D:4D ratio. Heterosexual women do not. Gay men don’t show this effect. This is thought to be an indicator of prenatal androgen exposure.
Handedness:
Gays and lesbians are more likely to be left-handed than heterosexuals. Gay men are about 40% more likely than straight men and lesbians are twice as likely than straight women.
Pheromone EST
Female pheromone fond in female urine.
Pheromone AND
A male pheromone found in male sweat.
Pheromone Arousal:
Gay men and heterosexual women showed activation of a region of the hypothalamus (medial preoptic area, MPOA, of the anterior hypothalamus) in response to AND, while heterosexual men didn’t show brain response to AND. As a control, participants were also exposure to other odors. which didn’t activate the hypothalamus.
Lesbian Pheromone Study
EST stimulated their hypothalamus as it does with heterosexual men.
Negative Cross-Cultural Sexual Patterns
Male dominant societies with greater rigidity of gender roles actually produce the highest prevalence of homosexuality. Ridged gender roles restricts interaction with children. Therefore young boys have little opportunity to learn from adult men. Therefore difficult to learn the heterosexual component of the male role. Additionally, since the male role is ridged, there are a certain number of males who dislike it and reject it. Cross-Cultural studies support this idea. High maternal and low paternal involvement leads to highest incidence of same-sex behaviour in males.
