Sexual health gynae Flashcards
A 27 yr old lady with a diagnosis of PID. She was treated with oral doxycycline. After 3 days there was no improvement. A 8cm swelling was found on ultrasound in POD. What is the appropriate management?
A - laparoscopy
B - laparotomy
C - culdotomy
D - change to IV cefotaxime plus oral doxycycline
E - transvaginal ultrasound guided aspiration
D - change to IV cefotaxime plus oral doxycycline
*CHECK as other answer says E…
Haven’t seen RANZCOG answer
A patient presents after a Pap smear showing Actinomycoses on Gram stain. Your immediate management plan would include.
A - treat with antibiotics with the IUCD in situ
B - remove the IUCD and resmear in 3 months
C - repeat the Pap smear
D - remove the IUCD and treat with antibiotics
E - reassure the patient
E - reassure the patient
If asymptomatic, don’t need to remove
- Smears in asymptomatic women reveal Actinomyces-like organisms (ALO) in ~7% of IUC users
- If pelvic pain present with ALO on smear, consider other infective causes and do formal culture for Actinomyces
The percentage of woman who experience at least one episode of vaginal candidiasis in their reproductive years:
A - 20% B - 35% C - 50% D - 70% E - 90%
D - 70%
A patient has antenatal booking bloods performed. The result is Hep B core antigen positive, Hep B surface Antigen negative, Hep B surface antibody negative. The most likely explanation is:
a. The result is a false positive
b. The patient is a chronic carrier of Hepatitis B infection
c. The surface antibody will become positive soon
d. The patient is immune to Hepatitis B infection
c. The surface antibody will become positive soon
A 14yo girl comes requesting the combined oral contraceptive pill for period pain. During the consultation you discover that she is in an apparently consensual sexual relationship with her mother’s boyfriend, who is 39. Her mother is not aware of the relationship. Your NEXT STEP is to
a. Contact the Child Health Service (CYF in NZ / DOCS in Australia)
b. Contact the social worker
c. Contact the mothers partner
d. Prescribe her the pill
a. Contact the Child Health Service (CYF in NZ / DOCS in Australia)
Which of the following statements concerning needle stick injuries is LEAST CORRECT
a. Hepatitis C transmission will occur in approximately 2% of cases where the patient is Hep C positive
b. Hepatitis B transmission will occur in approximately 30% of cases where the patient is hepatitis B S Ag positive and the health worker has not been immunised.
c. HIV transmission will occur in approximately 0.3% of cases where the patient is HIV positive and no chemoprophylaxis is administered
d. The risk of contracting Hepatitis C from a blood transfusion is approximately 1 in a million
a. Hepatitis C transmission will occur in approximately 2% of cases where the patient is Hep C positive
As per RANZCOG MCQs August 2008
RANZCOG guideline quotes 1-3% BUT only if Hep C viral RNA positive
Which of the following antibiotics is LEAST effective in the treatment of infections caused by bacterial vaginosis
a. Cefoxitin
b. Clindamycin
c. Gentamicin
d. Metronidazole
c. Gentamicin
All of the following regarding Chlamydia are true EXCEPT
a. The organism is transmitted primarily by intercourse
b. The majority of infected women are symptomatic
c. The organism may cause acute salpingitis
d. Infertility may follow acute or chronic infections
b. The majority of infected women are symptomatic
O
Which organism causes lymphogranuloma venereum
a. Haemophilus ducreyi
b. Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
c. Gardnerella vaginalis
d. Chlaymdia trachomatis
e. Corynebacterium donovaniae
d. Chlaymdia trachomatis
O
L1-L3
Small asymptomatic skin lesions, followed by regional lymphadenopathy in groin or pelvis.
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis = Klebsiella
A 40 year old Indian woman presents for a routine Pap smear. On examination you notice a small group of vesicles on her right buttock. On questioning she claims that this is a problem she has intermittently on and off for many years. The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is
a. Dermatitis artifacta
b. Drug eruption
c. Recurrent HSV2
d. Lymphogranuloma venereum
c. Recurrent HSV2
O
All of the following regarding genital herpes are TRUE, EXCEPT:
a. The acquisition of HSV type I offers some protection against HSV type II
b. HSV type II is more common of genital herpes than HSV type I
c. Acyclovir treatment of the acute disease significantly reduces the recurrence (recrudescence) rate
d. Women with cervical cancer have a higher prevalence of HSV antibodies
c. Acyclovir treatment of the acute disease significantly reduces the recurrence (recrudescence) rate
O
Prior HSV-1 makes HSV-2 infection more likely to be asymptomatic
Which statement about actinomycosis is NOT true?
a. It is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome.
b. It occurs with a Lippes loop IUD
c. It can be recognised by cervical cytology.
d. It is best treated by intra-muscular penicillin
a. It is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome
O
Which is NOT TRUE of Hepatitis C
a. Sexual transmission is rare (<1%)
b. After seroconversion, approximately 50% will become carriers
c. Vertical transmission is very rare with breastfeeding
d. Vertical transmission occurs in approximately 5% of carriers
b. After seroconversion, approximately 50% will become carriers
O
Significant risk (80%) of chronic infection With treatment, cure rates of >95%
The treatment of choice for secondary syphilis is
a. Procaine penicillin 5 million units IV
b. Benzanthine penicillin, 2.4 million units IM
c. Ampicillin 500mg QID for 7 days
d. Doxycycline 100mg QID for 7 days
e. Ofloxacin 400mg BD for 7 days
b. Benzanthine penicillin, 2.4 million units IM
O
All of the following statements concerning Treponema pallidum infection are correct EXCEPT:
A. syphilis can be transmitted from the skin lesions of secondary syphilis.
B. lesions of tertiary syphilis largely result from an immune response to Treponema pallidum and its products.
C. the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test is specific for Treponema pallidum infection.
D. secondary syphilis may cause loss of scalp hair and eyebrows
c. The VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test is specific for Treponema pallidum infection
O
Non-specific - Detect antibodies that bind to antigens that are, or similar to, those expressed by Treponema pallidum or expressed on host tissues during infection
- VDRL
- RPR
- High false positive rate
Specific - Detect antibodies that bind to proteins derived from T. pallidum
- TPPA
- TPHA
- FTA test
- EIA
Which of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment
a. Erythromycin for a 28 week pregnant patient with syphilis and a penicillin allergy
b. Ampicillin for a 15yo with pelvic inflammatory disease
c. Ketoconazole for a 25yo with Trichomonas
d. Tetracycline for a recent immigrant with granuloma inguinale
d. Tetracycline for a recent immigrant with granuloma inguinale
O
Otherwise known as donovanosis
Rare sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis
It leads to chronic inflammation and scarring of the genital
Should pregnancy occur after use of the Yuzpe post coital contraception regime (100mcg Ethinyloestradiol with 500mcg levonorgestrel repeated at 12 hours) the particular concern about the resulting pregnancies is that
a. The rate of miscarriage is increased
b. An ectopic pregnancy is more likely than usual
c. The child, if a boy, is more likely to have hypospadias
d. The chance of molar pregnancy is increased
b. An ectopic pregnancy is more likely than usual
O
Which of the following is LEAST TRUE of depot provera?
a. Amenorrhoea is expected in 50% at 12 months
b. Amenorrhoea is expected in 95% at 24 months
c. There is a modest reduction in bone mineral density compared to controls
d. DMPA is good contraception for women with epilepsy
e. A satisfactory regime is 150mg DMPA Intramuscular every 12 weeks
b. Amenorrhoea is expected in 95% at 24 months
O
More like 75%
A 62yo woman comes to see you requesting sterilisation of her 20yo daughter who has Down Syndrome. The mother states her daughter is having unprotected sex. She lives at home with her parents as is dependent on them. You inform her that:
a. This can be performed once reversible options fail
b. This can only be done with her daughters consent
c. This can be done as LARC is not appropriate
d. State guardianship approval is necessary for this to be done
d. State guardianship approval is necessary for this to be done
O
Advantages of Depot provera include everything EXCEPT
a. No significant effect on coagulation
b. No significant effect on BP
c. Low incidence of menstrual disturbance
d. No suppression of lactation when used post partum
e. No reported deaths directly attributable to the drug
c. Low incidence of menstrual disturbance
O
The Pearl Index is expressed as the
a. Percentage of women who become pregnant using a particular contraceptive
b. Percentage of women who become do not become pregnant using a particular contraceptive
c. Number of pregnancies per 100 women-years use of a particular contraceptive
d. Number or pregnancies per 1000 woman years use of a particular contraceptive
c. Number of pregnancies per 100 women-years use of a particular contraceptive
O
A 17yo sexually active high school student on the combined oral contraceptive starts to complain of spotty vaginal bleeding. She has been on the pill for 12 months without any problems. She should
a. Have her prescription changed to a brand with a higher oestrogen dose
b. Have her prescription changed to a brand with a higher progestogen dose
c. Come to the office to be evaluated for evidence of Sexually transmitted infection
d. Be given supplementary oestrogen (1.25mg conjugated oestrogens) daily for the next two menstrual cycles
c. Come to the office to be evaluated for evidence of Sexually transmitted infection
O
Oral contraceptives are associated with a decreased rate of each of the following EXCEPT
a. PID
b. Ectopic pregnancy
c. Cervical cancer
d. Endometrial cancer
e. Endometriosis
c. Cervical cancer
O
Lower rates of PID because change in mucous at cervix
Which is INCORRECT?
a. Norethisterone and Norethynodrel are first generation progestogens
b. Levonorgestrel is a second generation progestogen and more potent than norethisterone
c. Triphasic OCP’s containing second generation progestogens are associated with a less favourable lipid profile than monophasic preparations containing the same progestogens
d. Desogestrel, gestodene and norgestimate are third generation progestogens and are less androgenic than levonorgestrel
e. OCP’s containing third generation progestogens have been associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol
f. OCP’s containing third generation progestogens have been associated with a two fold increase in venous thromboembolism, although this may have been due to prescription bias
c. Triphasic OCP’s containing second generation progestogens are associated with a less favourable lipid profile than monophasic preparations containing the same progestogens
O
Triphasic means cycling through different progesterone every 7days.
The failure rate among typical users of which contraception method is <1%
a. Combined oral contraceptives
b. Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate
c. Progesterone only contraceptives
d. Condoms
b. Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate
O
This is an incorrect answer.
FSRH says typical use 94% effective and perfect use 99.8%
Danazol causes all of the following EXCEPT
a. Exacerbation of fibrocystic disease of the breasts
b. Clitoral hypertrophy in female fetuses when given to the mother during pregnancy
c. Labial fusion in female fetuses when given to the mother during pregnancy
d. Acne
e. Fluid retention
a. Exacerbation of fibrocystic disease of the breasts
While danazol is effective at treating endometriosis-related pain, it is not commonly used because of androgenic side effects.
Used to treat fibrocystic breast disease.
Which of the following is FALSE
a. The risk of VTE in pregnancy is approximately 60:100 000 woman-years
b. The risk of VTE with the COCP is approximately 15:100 000 woman-years
c. The risk of VTE with the COCP is greater in a pill with 50mcg rather than 30mcg of ethinyoestradiol
d. The risk of VTE with the COCP is less with the pills that contain gestodene or desogestrel
d. The risk of VTE with the COCP is less with the pills that contain gestodene or desogestrel
O
Concerning medically induced abortion with mifepristone (RU486), which of the following is LEAST CORRECT
a. An established regimen is mifepristone 600mg orally, followed by 800mcg vaginal misoprostol 36-48 hours later
b. Mifepristone has been used for medically induced termination of pregnancy in Europe for over 15 years
c. Mifepristone has been approved for use by the FDA in the United States
d. Most trials indicate that mifepristone and misoprostol is less acceptable to a majority of women than surgical termination
d. Most trials indicate that mifepristone and misoprostol is less acceptable to a majority of women than surgical termination
O
NZF and MEDSAFE say 600mg mifepristone is OK, can also do 200mg
A 22yo patient is seen for evaluation one week after a pregnancy TOP at 6 weeks gestation. A pregnancy test is still positive and her uterus is 6-7 week size as determined by pelvic examination. She reports no abnormal uterine bleeding or abdominal/pelvic pain. Her medical records indicate that a suction curettage was performed to terminate the pregnancy with minimal tissue, and was otherwise uneventful. The pathology report indicated that the tissue is decidual. The next step in the evaluation of this patient is:
a. Repeat a curettage
b. Qualitative pregnancy test
c. Exploratory laparotomy
d. Transvaginal ultrasound
e. Progesterone challenge test
d. Transvaginal ultrasound
O
An epileptic patient on phenytoin (Dilantin) requests contraception. You recommend the:
A. Combination pill with 35 μg of ethinyloestradiol.
B. Combination pill with 30 μg of ethinyloestradiol.
C. Mirena IUD.
D. Progestagen only pill with 35 μg of levo-norgestrel.
C. Mirena IUD
O
Which of the following is FALSE?
A. The risk of thromboembolism in a healthy young women is approximately 1 per 10,000 women years.
B. The risk of thromboembolism with Progestogen-only contraception is 10 per 10,000 women years.
C. The risk of thromboembolism on the combined oral contraceptive pill is 4 per 10,000 women years.
D. The risk of thromboembolism in pregnancy is 30 per 10,000 women years.
B. The risk of thromboembolism with Progestogen-only contraception is 10 per 10,000 women years.
O
You are called to the emergency department urgently to attend a woman who, between sobs, states that she has been raped. She is a 52YO single mother with three grown up children, and is devastated by the attack. Which of the following statements regarding sexual assault/ rape is true?
a) By definition, it is restricted to partial or complete insertion of the penis into the vagina
b) Screening for STDs must be offered routinely
c) The police must be notified and involved in all cases
d) Emergency contraception must be offered routinely to all victims
b) Screening for STDs must be offered routinely
O
Is d) incorrect as not all women are of reproductive age?
What organism causes granuloma inguinale?
A. Klebsiella
B. Chlamydia
C. TB
D. Syphilis
A. Klebsiella
Donovanosis
Klebsiella granulomatis aka Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis
Painless genital ulcer
Treat with azithromycin or doxycycline
Which organism is responsible for chancroid?
A. haemophilus ducreyi B. calymmatobacterium granulomatis C. chlamydia trachomatis D. treponemum pallidum E. gardnerella vaginalis F. mycoplasma hominis G. corynebacterium donnovaniae
A. haemophilus ducreyi
O
Which of the following pairs are appropriate:
a) erythromycin for syphilis in pregnancy
b) ampicillin for PID in a 16 yo
c) tetracycline for Lymphogranuloma venerum
d) lindane for molluscum contagiosum
c) tetracycline for Lymphogranuloma venerum
Lactobacillus colonisation in the vagina is LOWEST in
a) a newborn infant one week of age
b) postmenopausal women
c) a pregnant woman
d) nonpregnant women of reproductive age
b) postmenopausal women
O
As oestrogen dependent
What organism causes Donovanosis?
a) Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis
b) Haemophilus ducreyi
c) Gardnerella vaginalis
d) Calymmatobacterium donovae
e) Chlamydia trachomatis
a) Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis
O
Donovanosis = granuloma inguinale
Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis = klebsiella granulomatis
PID with temp. 39 degrees and bilateral pelvic tenderness. Chlamydia on swabs. Best therapy:
a) IM Cephalothin and PO doxy
b) PO doxy alone
c) IV cefoxitin and PO doxy
d) IV clindamycin
e) IV penicillin + erythromycin
c) IV cefoxitin and PO doxy
Chlamydia:
a) is in <1% of O&G and FPA clinics
b) diagnosis is by posterior vaginal fornix swab
c) cervix usually looks abnormal
d) in a low risk population has a 50% PPV on ELISA
e) treatment is with cefoxitin and Flagyl
f) 50% will clinically develop PID
d) in a low risk population has a 50% PPV on ELISA
In an acute tubo-ovarian mass, most common culture is:
a) Group b strep
b) Gonococcus
c) Chlamydia
d) Anaerobes
e) E.coli
d) Anaerobes
Most common STD pathogen?
a) Gonorrhoea
b) Chlamydia
c) Syphilis
d) HSV 1
e) HSV 2
b) Chlamydia
Following rape the most likely reaction is?
a) anger, aggression then period of short resolution
b) anger, aggression then period of long resolution
c) fear, somatic symptoms then period of short resolution
d) fear, somatic symptoms then period of long resolution
d) fear, somatic symptoms then period of long resolution
A 20 yo Aboriginal woman presents with 3/52 of a labial ulcer – painless, firm, indurated: also has inguinal lymphadenopathy. RPR 1/64, TPHA – pos, FTA - Abs – pos, Darkfield microscopy – neg. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) primary syphilis
b) secondary syphilis
c) chancroid
d) donovanosi
a) primary syphilis
Which organism is responsible for Donovanosis?
a. Gardnerella vaginalis
b. Haemophilus ducreyi
c. Klebsiella granulomatis
d. Corynebacterium donovaniae
c. Klebsiella granulomatis
A previously normotensive 42-year-old woman is on the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP). She has a diastolic blood pressure reading of 95mmHg at review for a repeat script.
What would be her best initial management?
a. Continue with COCP, begin anti-hypertensive treatment and review
b. Continue with COCP and perform renal function testing and review
c. Cease the COCP and review
d. Continue with COCP and recheck the blood pressure
d. Continue with COCP and recheck the blood pressure
Absolute contraindications:
- DBP >/=95mmHg
Contraception in the peri-menopausal woman should be continued until:
a. she has had three anovulatory cycles in a row.
b. she has had one full year without periods and exogenous hormones.
c. she has had a blood test showing FSH:LH ratio has risen to two.
d. her cycle has begun to elongate.
b. she has had one full year without periods and exogenous hormones.
A 44-year-old Para 2 woman sees you to discuss options of contraception. She has regular menstrual periods. She has BMI of 26 and is a non-smoker. She has a known subseptate uterus, osteoporosis and has had multiple operations for diverticular disease. She also had an unplanned pregnancy while using barrier contraception and her husband is not keen to have a vasectomy. What is the most appropriate contraception for her?
a. Tubal sterilisation
b. Low dose combined OCP
c. Progesterone only pill
d. LNG-IUS
b. Low dose combined OCP
What is the primary mechanism of the low dose combined oral contraceptive pill in preventing pregnancy?
a. Alteration in fallopian tube motility
b. Suppression of gonadotropin secretion
c. Alteration of cervical mucous thickness
d. Decidualization of the endometrium
b. Suppression of gonadotropin secretion
Least effective antibiotic against bacteroides
a) Cefotaxime
b) Clindamycin
c) Chloramphenicol
d) Gentamicin
e) Metronidazole
d) Gentamicin
O
Anaerobe. HIGH levels of resistance
What is the APPROXIMATE likelihood of recurrence within 6 months after a primary genital herpes simplex infection?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
C. 50%
O
The one year continuation rate is HIGHEST for which method of contraception?
A. Withdrawal method B. Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera) C. Oral norethindrone (Micronor) D. Levonorgestrel-releasing IUCD E. Between methods
D. Levonorgestrel-releasing IUCD
O
Advantages of depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) include all of the following EXCEPT
A. no significant effect on the coagulation system
B. no significant effect on blood pressure
C. no reported deaths directly attributed to the drug
D. low incidence of menstrual disturbances
D. low incidence of menstrual disturbances
An established clinical indication for antiprogestogens is:
A. Endometriosis
B. Routine contraception
C. Postcoital contraception
D. Premenstrual syndrome
C. Postcoital contraception
O
Accepted time of resting for a girl who has sustained genital trauma?
a. 20 mins
b. 6 hrs
c. 24 hrs
d. 3 days
e. 4 days
c. 24 hrs
UTD
Milford
??Is this in relation to time between assault and examination
Which of the following is the earliest sign of female sexual response?
a. Increased HR
b. Uterine contraction
c. Vaginal transudation
d. Vasocongestion of the outer third of the vagina
e. Erection of nipples
a. Increased HR
?
Milford
The first sign of sexual arousal in a woman is?
a. Enlargement of the clitoris
b. Enlargement of the labia majora
c. An increase in vaginal length
d. An increase in vaginal moisture
e. Skin flushing
d. An increase in vaginal moisture
Milford
You are asked to assess a woman who was raped 6 hrs ago. Which of the following is least likely?
a. She will develop fear and anxiety with restlessness
b. Somatic symptoms of headaches, fatigue and sleep disturbance
c. Emotional reactions of anger, self-blame and humiliation
d. Those with severe somatic symptoms tend to recover faster
d. Those with severe somatic symptoms tend to recover faster
What is the concern about the pregnancy after failed morning after pill?
a. Multiple pregnancy
b. Abnormal fetus
c. Increased risk of ectopic
d. Increased risk of miscarriage
e. Higher risk of premature labour
c. Increased risk of ectopic
Ectopic pregnancies have been reported anecdotally following emergency oral contraception. In theory progestational agents may inhibit tubal mobility and predispose to ectopic implantation, but none of the emergency oral contraceptive regimens in use increase the risk. (Speroff). Discussed with study group.
Milford
Risk of ectopic highest with?
a. COCP
b. Condoms
c. No contraception
d. POP
e. Diaphragm
c. No contraception
Regarding contraception?
a. The risk of PID increases with the duration of use of an IUD
b. Unilateral tubo-ovarian abscess is more common when an IUD is insitu
c. A copper containing IUD rapidly loses efficacy after 2 yrs as the copper is degraded
d. An IUD should not be removed in the event of a pregnancy as removing it may cause miscarriage
e. The natural family planning method in which ovulation is predicted by the presence of cervical and vaginal fluid has a Pearl index of < 5 pregnancies per year providing abstinence commences at least 2 days prior to ovulation
b. Unilateral tubo-ovarian abscess is more common when an IUD is insitu
A pearl index of <5 is unlikely for natural methods
Milford
UTD comments the association between TOA (and unilateral specifically) is unsubstantiated
The most common emotional response after a termination is
a. severe depression
b. shame
c. relief
d. anxiety
e. psychosis
c. relief
Milford
Sexually active 27 yo has 2/52 history of urgency and dysuria. Came to casualty, MSU collected and commence on cephalexin. There was no growth on the MSU. Her symptoms persist. Next?
a. Repeat MSU
b. Quantitative analysis of urine WBC’s
c. Uretheroscopy
d. Chlamydia swabs of urethra and cervix
d. Chlamydia swabs of urethra and cervix
A 37 yo woman, previous TAH for micro-invasive Ca cervix. Thinks the man she slept with 2 weeks ago has developed gonorrhoea. Best way to establish the diagnosis?
a. Culture urethra
b. Culture vaginal vault
c. Culture rectum
d. Gram stain of vaginal secretions
e. Gonozyme assay
a. Culture urethra
Milford
NOTE NZSHS documents recommends this
Infects endocervix, urethra, rectum and pharynx.
Can culture urethra or urine.
Condylomata lata are caused by:
a. HSV 1
b. HPV
c. Treponema pallidum
d. Haemophilus ducreyii
e. Chlamydia
c. Treponema pallidum
Feature of secondary syphilis
A 40 yr old woman has been taking the OCP for the last 5 yrs with no notable problems. How much longer can she continue with the pill?
a. 5 yrs
b. 10 yrs
c. Till menopause
d. Should cease now
c. Till menopause
Milford
FSRH says if otherwise low risk OK to continue until age 50
Who must report suspected sexual abuse?
a) physicians
b) school teachers
c) social workers
d) all of above
e) none of above
d) all of above
In reference to children
An epileptic patient on Dilantin requests oral contraceptives. You recommend the
A. Combination pill, 35mcg ethinyloestradiol
B. Combination pill, 50mcg ethinyloestradiol
C. Combination pill, 80mcg ethinyloestradiol
D. Progestogen only pill, 35mcg levonorgestrel
B. Combination pill, 50mcg ethinyloestradiol
O
A 16yo woman presents asking for an STD check. Partner recently diagnosed with gonorrohoea. Which is the most appropriate management?
A. Cervical swab and review 10days
B. Doxycycline BD for 10 days
C. Cervical swabs and doxycycline for 10 days
D. Counsel and test for HIV
C. Cervical swabs and doxycycline for 10 days
Could argue that doxy won’t treat gonorrhoea..
An offensive post-coital discharge is most likely associated with
A. Chlamydia
B. Gonorrhoea
C. Candida
D. Gardnerella
D. Gardnerella
Regarding candida
A. Ketoconazole is safe in pregnancy
B. Typical thrush spots seen in 20% of candida vaginitis
C. Antifungal treatments to vulva reliably eradicates candida vulvitis
D. Low oestrogen favours candida
E. Diabetics are prone to candida and often present with it prior to diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
E. Diabetics are prone to candida and often present with it prior to diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
HIGH oestrogenic states favour candida
Which of the following is FALSE?
A. The risk of VTE in a healthy young woman is approximately 1:10,000 women years
B. Progestogen-only contraception increases the risk of VTE by 50%
C. Obesity (BMI >30) approximately doubles the risk of VTE
D. Smoking increases the risk by 50% of VTE
B. Progestogen-only contraception increases the risk of VTE by 50%
O
Who is most at risk of sexual assault?
A. Older women
B. Younger women
C. Married women
D. Divorced women
B. Younger women
