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Reproduction > Sexual Health Demonstrations > Flashcards

Sexual Health Demonstrations Flashcards

1
Q

What is an STI?

A

An infection which is predominantly sexually transmitted

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2
Q

What is an STD?

A

Disease that occurs as a result of an STI

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3
Q

Why is someone with an STI at greater risk of contracting another?

A

Infections have common risk factors

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4
Q

Why are STIs common?

A

Many are asymptomatic and go undetected and therefore untreated. Therefore the spread easily

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5
Q

What can delay in diagnosis lead to?

A

Delay in diagnosis can lead to an increased chance of transmission and complications. Asymptomatic chlamydia infection can become four cases of chlamydia and asymptomatic HIV infection can become AIDS. •

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6
Q

What is partner notification?

A

The activity of identifying and informing sexual contacts of someone with an STI

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7
Q

What is the causative organism in gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in males?

A
  • 10% of males have no symptoms though might have clinical signs if examined.
  • Thick, profuse yellow discharge, dysuria.
  • Rectal and pharyngeal infection often asymptomatic.
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?

A
  • > 50% asymptomatic
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Dysuria
  • Post-coital bleeding
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10
Q

What are the possible complications of gonorrhoea?

A
  • Epididymitis
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease, Bartholin’s abscess
  • Acute monoarthritis usually elbow or shoulder
  • Disseminated gonococcal infection including skin lesions (pustular with halo)
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11
Q

What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea?

A
  • Average 5 to 6 days

- Range 2 days to 2 weeks

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12
Q

What is the epidemiology of gonorrhoea?

A
  • Much less common than chlamydia.

- Most cases are in men, often in men who have sex with men (MSM).

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13
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A
  • Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) on urine or swab from an exposed site – vagina, rectum, throat.
  • Gram stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic people.
  • Culture of swab-obtained specimen from an exposed site using highly selective lysed blood agar in a 5% CO2 environment. Should be done for all confirmed cases to assess antibiotic sensitivity.
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14
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated?

A

Blind treatment
-Ceftriaxone 500mg IM once plus Azithromycin 1g.

Treat according to antibiotic sensitivity

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15
Q

How should gonorrhoea be followed up?

A
  • Test of cure at 2 weeks

- Test of reinfection at 3 months

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16
Q

What is the causative organism of chlamydia?

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D to K

- [The rare Serovar L2b, which causes Lymphogranuloma venereum, usually gives symptoms of severe proctitis. ]

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17
Q

How doe chlamydia present in females?

A
  • > 80% asymptomatic
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Dyuria
  • Intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
  • Conjunctivitis
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18
Q

How does chlamydia present in males?

A
  • > 70% asymptomatic
  • Slight watery discharge
  • Dysuria
  • Conjunctivitis
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19
Q

What are the complications of chlamydia?

A

-Epididymitis

  • PID and ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain and infertility
  • Probably only 1% of women will develop fertility problems

-Reactive arthritis/reiter’s syndrome (urethritis,cervicitis, conjunctivitis and arthritis)

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20
Q

What is the epidemiology of chlamydia?

A
  • Common

- Most cases in people under 25 especially sexually active teenage women

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21
Q

How is chalmydia diagnosed?

A
  • First void urine in men
  • Swab or cervix, urethra and rectum as appropriate
  • Specimens tested using NAAT
22
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

-Azithromycin 1g PO once-Doxycycline 100mg bd 1 week if rectal infection

23
Q

What is the follow up for chlamydia?

A
  • Test for reinfection at 3-12 months

- Earlier test of cure not needed unless symptoms persist

24
Q

What is the causative organism of trichomoniasis?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

25
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis in men?

A

Usually asymptomatic

26
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis in women?

A
  • 10-30% asymptomatic
  • Profuse thin vaginal discharge: greenish, frothy and foul smelling
  • Vulvitis
27
Q

What is the epidemiology oftrichomoniasis?

A
  • Uncommon

- More common in middle aged than some other STIs

28
Q

What are the possible complications of trichomoniasis?

A

Miscarriage and preterm labour

29
Q

How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?

A
  • PCR on a vaginal swab.
  • NB not on urine yet so no test for men.
  • Point of Care: microscopy of wet preparation of vaginal discharge.
30
Q

What is the treatment for trochomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole 400mg po bd for 5 days or 2g single dose

31
Q

What is the causative organism of herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

32
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes?

A
  • 80% asymptomatic
  • Rest recurrent symptoms (monthly/annually)
  • Burning/itching then blistering then tender ulceration.
  • Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy.
  • Flu-like symptoms.
  • Dysuria, Neuralgic pain in back, pelvis and legs,
33
Q

What are the possible complications of herpes?

A
  • Autonomic neuropathy (urinary retention)
  • Neonatal infection
  • Secondary infection
34
Q

What is the incubation period for herpes?

A
  • About 5 days to months

- Some people never report symptoms

35
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical impression

- Swab from lesion target using PCR

36
Q

What is the treatment for primary outbreak herpes?

A
  • Aciclovir: various regimens e.g. 400mg for 5 days

- Lidocaine ointment

37
Q

What is the treatment for infrequent recurrences?

A
  • Lidocaine ointment

- Aciclovir 1.2g once daily until symptoms have gone (1-3 days)

38
Q

What is the treatment for frequent recurrences?

A

Aciclovir 400bd long-term as suppression

39
Q

What is the causative organism of anogenital warts?

A

Human papillovirus types 6+11 (occasionally type 1)

40
Q

What are the symptoms of anogenital warts?

A
  • Lumps with a surface texture of a small cauliflower

- Occasionally itching or bleeding especially if perianal or intraurethral

41
Q

What is the epidemiology of anogenital warts?

A
  • > 90% of UK population have a genital HPV infection at some point in their life.
  • Only about 20% of those infected with a wart-causing strain of human papilloma virus get warts.
  • A drop in cases is anticipated in response to quadrivalent HPV vaccine.
42
Q

What are the possible complications of anogenital warts?

A
  • None in adults

- Neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis

43
Q

How are anogenital warts diagnosed?

A
  • Appearance

- Biopsy if unusual to exclude intrepuithelial neoplasia (rarely needed)

44
Q

How are anogenital warts treated?

A
  • Podophyllotoxin (brands warticon and condyline), imiquimod (brand Aldara). (Both home treatments.)
  • Others – cryotherapy
  • Bulky warts – diathermy, scissor removal.
45
Q

What is the causative organism of syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

46
Q

What are the symptoms of syphilis with reference to stage?

A
  • Can be asymptomatic or mild
  • Primary: local ulcer (chancre)
  • Secondary: rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms, patchy alopecia, other
  • Early latent: no symptoms but <2 years since caught
  • Late latent: no symptoms but >2 years since caught
  • Tertiary: neurological, cardiovascular or gummatous, skins lesions
47
Q

What is the epidemiology of symphilis?

A

> 90% of cases in Scotland are in men who’ve had sex with men

48
Q

What are the possible complications of syphilis?

A

Neurosyphilis
-Cranial nerve palsies (commonest)

Cardiac or aortal involvement

Congenital syphilis

49
Q

What is the incubation period of syphilis?

A

9 to 90 days until appearance of chancre but can also be asymptomatic

50
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Serology for TP IgGEIA, TPPA and RPR
  • PCR on sample from an ulcer
51
Q

How is early (<2 years with no neurological involvement) syphilis treated?

A

-Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU im once
Or
-Doxycycline 100mg bd po 2 weeks

52
Q

How is late (>2 years and no neurological involvement) syphilis treated?

A
  • Benzathine penicillin 2.4MU im weekly for 3 doses

- Doxycycline 100mg bd po 28 days

Reproduction (34 decks)

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