Sexual Health Demonstrations Flashcards
What is an STI?
An infection which is predominantly sexually transmitted
What is an STD?
Disease that occurs as a result of an STI
Why is someone with an STI at greater risk of contracting another?
Infections have common risk factors
Why are STIs common?
Many are asymptomatic and go undetected and therefore untreated. Therefore the spread easily
What can delay in diagnosis lead to?
Delay in diagnosis can lead to an increased chance of transmission and complications. Asymptomatic chlamydia infection can become four cases of chlamydia and asymptomatic HIV infection can become AIDS. •
What is partner notification?
The activity of identifying and informing sexual contacts of someone with an STI
What is the causative organism in gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoea
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in males?
- 10% of males have no symptoms though might have clinical signs if examined.
- Thick, profuse yellow discharge, dysuria.
- Rectal and pharyngeal infection often asymptomatic.
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?
- > 50% asymptomatic
- Vaginal discharge
- Dysuria
- Post-coital bleeding
What are the possible complications of gonorrhoea?
- Epididymitis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease, Bartholin’s abscess
- Acute monoarthritis usually elbow or shoulder
- Disseminated gonococcal infection including skin lesions (pustular with halo)
What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea?
- Average 5 to 6 days
- Range 2 days to 2 weeks
What is the epidemiology of gonorrhoea?
- Much less common than chlamydia.
- Most cases are in men, often in men who have sex with men (MSM).
How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
- Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) on urine or swab from an exposed site – vagina, rectum, throat.
- Gram stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic people.
- Culture of swab-obtained specimen from an exposed site using highly selective lysed blood agar in a 5% CO2 environment. Should be done for all confirmed cases to assess antibiotic sensitivity.
How is gonorrhoea treated?
Blind treatment
-Ceftriaxone 500mg IM once plus Azithromycin 1g.
Treat according to antibiotic sensitivity
How should gonorrhoea be followed up?
- Test of cure at 2 weeks
- Test of reinfection at 3 months
What is the causative organism of chlamydia?
- Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D to K
- [The rare Serovar L2b, which causes Lymphogranuloma venereum, usually gives symptoms of severe proctitis. ]
How doe chlamydia present in females?
- > 80% asymptomatic
- Vaginal discharge
- Dyuria
- Intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
- Conjunctivitis
How does chlamydia present in males?
- > 70% asymptomatic
- Slight watery discharge
- Dysuria
- Conjunctivitis
What are the complications of chlamydia?
-Epididymitis
- PID and ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain and infertility
- Probably only 1% of women will develop fertility problems
-Reactive arthritis/reiter’s syndrome (urethritis,cervicitis, conjunctivitis and arthritis)
What is the epidemiology of chlamydia?
- Common
- Most cases in people under 25 especially sexually active teenage women
How is chalmydia diagnosed?
- First void urine in men
- Swab or cervix, urethra and rectum as appropriate
- Specimens tested using NAAT
How is chlamydia treated?
-Azithromycin 1g PO once-Doxycycline 100mg bd 1 week if rectal infection
What is the follow up for chlamydia?
- Test for reinfection at 3-12 months
- Earlier test of cure not needed unless symptoms persist
What is the causative organism of trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
