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Women's Health > Sexual Health > Flashcards

Sexual Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Overgrowth of vaginal anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

What is lost in BV?

A

Lactobacilli in vagina that normally produce lactic acid to keep pH under 4.5

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3
Q

What are anaerobes that can grow in higher pH in BV?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis is most common

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4
Q

What are some risk factors for BV?

A

Multiple sexual partners
Recent antibiotics
Excessive vaginal cleaning
Smoking
Copper coil

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5
Q

What is the presentation of BV?

A

Fishy smelling watery grey or white vaginal discharge
Asymptomatic

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6
Q

What is the pH of BV?

A

Above 4.5

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7
Q

What does BV show on microscopy?

A

Clue cells - cervix epithelial cells with bacteria stuck inside them

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8
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for BV?

A

Metronidazole

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9
Q

Why do you avoid alcohol with Metronidazole?

A

It can cause a difulfiram like reaction with nausea, vomiting, flush, shock and angiodema

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10
Q

What is thrush?

A

Vaginal infection with a yeast of the candida family

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of thrush?

A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

What is the presentation of thrush?

A

Irritation
Discomfort
Erythema
Fissures
Thick white discharge
Vulval and vaginal itching
Excoriation

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13
Q

What is the management of thrush?

A

Antifungal cream and pessary

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14
Q

What is canesten duo?

A

OTC thrush treatment of fluconazole tablet and clotrimazole cream

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15
Q

What is trichomoniasis?

A

Parasite spread via sexual intercourse

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16
Q

What does trichomonas vaginalis show on examination?

A

Strawberry cervix - haemorrhages across surface

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17
Q

What is balanitis?

A

Inflammation of glans penis

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18
Q

What is posthitis?

A

Inflammation of foreskin

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19
Q

What is the presentation of balanitis?

A

Penile discomfort and itch
Bleeding
Skin splitting
Urethral discharge
Urinary symptoms
Redness and swelling

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20
Q

What is the management of balanitis?

A

Topical Imidazole and topical corticosteroid

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21
Q

What is chlamydia?

A

Gram negative bacteria
Most common STI in the UK

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22
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia?

A

Asymptomatic
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain
Dysuria

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23
Q

What is a test for chlamydia?

A

NAAT and charcoal swabs

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24
Q

What is the 1st line management for chlaymdia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 7 days

25
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Mainly in men who have sex with men
Lymphoid tissue is affected around chlamydia site of infection

25
Q

What is chalmydial conjunctivitis?

A

Genital fluid comes into contact with the eye

26
Q

What can chalymdia during pregnancy cause?

A

Preterm labour
PROM
Low birth weight

27
Q

What is chalmydia in pregnancy treated with?

A

Erythromycin 500mg BD for 10-14 days

28
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

STI caused by a strain of chlamydia that attacks lymph nodes

29
Q

What are some causes of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Chemsex
Group sex
Fisting
Sharing unwashed sex toys
Unprotected sex - anal, oral, vaginal

30
Q

What is the presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Asymptomatic
Swollen groin lymph glands
Ulcer on penis, vagina or around anus
Blood/ pus from anus
Constipation
Painful straining
Loose stools
Tenesmus

31
Q

What is the treatment for lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Doxycycline BD 3 weeks

32
Q

What is syphilis caused by?

A

Treponema pallidum

33
Q

What is primary syphilis?

A

Painless ulcer (chancre) at original infection site - usually genitals

34
Q

What is secondary syphilis?

A

Systemic symptoms particularly of skin and mucous membranes

35
Q

What is latent syphilis?

A

Asymptomatic despite infection

36
Q

What is neurosyphilis?

A

Infection moves to CNS

37
Q

What is the presentation of neurosyphilis?

A

Dementia
Headache
Altered behaviour
Ocular syphilis
Paralysis

38
Q

What is an argyll-robertson pupil?

A

Seen in neurosyphilis where there is a constricted pupil that accommodates when focussing on a near object but doesn’t react to light and are often irregularly shaped

39
Q

What is tabes dorsalis?

A

Demyelination affecting spinal cord posterior columns

40
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Single deep IM dose of benzathine benzylpenicillin

41
Q

What is HSV-1 associated with?

A

Cold sores

42
Q

What is HSV-2 associated with?

A

Genital herpes

43
Q

What nerve is cold sores associated with?

A

Trigeminal

44
Q

What nerve is genital herpes associated with?

A

Sacral

45
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Aciclovir

46
Q

What is genital warts caused by?

A

HPV-6 and 11 in most

47
Q

What sort of bacteria is gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative diplococcus

48
Q

How does gonorrhoea spread?

A

Mucous secretions

49
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Ciprofloxacin

50
Q

What is AIDS?

A

HIV when CD4 count drops below 200

51
Q

Give 4 AIDS defining illnesses

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
PCP
CMV
TB
Candidiasis

52
Q

What is 1st line treatment for HIV?

A

2 NRTIs plus a 3rd agent

53
Q

What is given to all those with CD4 under 200?

A

Prophylactic co-trimoxazole to protect against PCP

54
Q

Delivery of baby with HIV viral load under 50 copies?

A

Normal vaginal

55
Q

Delivery of baby with HIV viral load over 400 copies?

A

Pre-labour C-section

56
Q

What is given during labour in HIV?

A

IV zidovudine

57
Q

What is PEP?

A

Used after HIV exposure to reduce transmission risk

58
Q

What is PrEP?

A

Take before exposure to HIV to reduce transmission risk

Women's Health (8 decks)

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