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RE Ethics > Sexual Ethics > Flashcards

Sexual Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Premarital sex?

A

Sex before marriage

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2
Q

Early Christian view on Pre marital sex?

A

•Philo referred to women as “instrument of evil” who corrupt men without women- men would be rational creature
•Augustine said that the purpose of marriage is to procreate not to be friends or have sex.

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3
Q

Middle Age view on Pre marital sex?

A

Aquinas stated that the purpose of marriage is to procreate whilst allowing lust. He believed women were defective males because they are subservient to men and they are passive in the sexual act.

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4
Q

What is Church of England view to Pre Marital sex?

A

couples allowed if they are committed to marrying to cohabit and have pre-marital sex.

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5
Q

What is Roman Catholic view on Pre Marital Sex?

A

Sex should only take place within a marriage “for this reason a man will leave his father and mother and join his wife and the two will become one flesh” Therefore sex before marriage is wrong because marriage and sex are part of God’s plan.They do not agree with cohabitation

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6
Q

Strength of Pre Marital Sex?

A
  • Fundamentalist Christians argue the premarital sex is always wrong. The strength of taking this moral position is the emphasis it places on the importance of marriage, and the importance of self-discipline and self-control.
  • A liberal Christian say love (agape) as the primary goal of any relationship.
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7
Q

Weakness of Pre marital sex?

A
  • The Fundamentalist view of no sex before marriage ignores loving and caring relationships outside marriage.
  • Theocentric ethical systems (having God at the centre) creates a sexual ethic that is inhumane and therefore immoral. Homosexuals are forbidden by their faith from having sexual intercourse, even within the context of a loving and stable relationship, as this is contrary to God’s norm for human beings as expressed in the Scriptures.
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8
Q

What is Kant view on Pre Marital sex?

A

•Kant believed that in having sex, we were allowing someone to use us to fulfil their desires (mean to an end).So getting married we will give ourselves to the other person in law, so that we have a common will.
•Kant did believe in autonomy-if the couple were practicing safe sex a modern Kant might their support their right to have sex before marriage

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9
Q

Strength of Kant view on Premarital sex?

A

•Kant allow couples to live together if they have an unconditional promise to each other
•Prostitution isn’t allowed because it destroys human autonomy-it makes them a thing to be used and some people are forced into prostitution
•Kant believed that sex outside marriage led women to being abused and they are treated as thing as opposed to partners

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10
Q

What is Weaknesses of Kantian vie on Pre Marital sex?

A
  • Kant allows no room for emotions, including love, in his view of sexual relationships.
  • Human life cannot be preserved without sexual intercourse yet, at the same time, Kant regarded sex as morally degrading
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11
Q

What is Utilitarianism view on premarital sex?

A

Pre-Marital sex can maximise pleasure

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12
Q

Strength of Utilitarianism view on premarital sex?

A
  • Bentham allows homosexual sex,Ponography and prostitution obviously whether this is a strength of utilitarianism is entirely subjective
  • Mill believed both men and women have the right to decide if they want to have sex.This may be outside marriage because sexual relationships are guided by freedom
  • Mill allow prostitution but it would be wrong for a husband to cause embarrassment to his wife reputation by visiting brothels
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13
Q

Weaknesses of Utilitarianism view on premarital sex?

A

•Bentham regarded the need to reduce poverty and control unwanted births are crucial for reduction

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14
Q

What is Natural Law view on premarital sex?

A

•Pre-marital sex does not support Aquinas precepts as it’s not good for sustaining a flourishing human society.Pre-marital sex might feel good, but this is an apparent good, not a real good, because the primary purpose of sex are frustrated
•They say no to Homosexual sex,Pre marital sex,Extra marital sex,contraception and Masturbation.

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15
Q

What is the strengths Natural Law view on premarital sex?

A

it emphasises the importance of sanctity of Marriage and reproduction which could be seen as beneficial for the stability of society and in line with Christian principles

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16
Q

What is the weakness of Natural Law view on premarital sex?

A

•Sex is only for procreation and because some sexual acts don’t result in procreation i.e. masturbation/anal sex, they are seen as unnatural to humans.
•Sex has a unitive as well as procreative functions - it is a way of expressing love

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17
Q

What is Situation Ethics view on premarital sex?

A

•Situation ethicists would allow premarital sex as its focus on love and justice might permit the breaking of traditional moral rules around pre-marital sex.
•A Situationist would not agree with young Christians making purity pledges instead a better approach for situationists would be to make sure young people have condoms if they choose to have sex so they sound catch STDs or unwanted pregnancies.

18
Q

What is Strengths of Situation Ethics view on premarital sex?

A

some cases the most loving thing to allow a couple to have premarital sex. For e.g, if a couple are co-habiting or are in a stable loving relationship

19
Q

Weaknesses of Situation Ethics view on premarital sex?

A

What happens if the female partner becomes pregnant through pre-marital sex and she and her child are abandoned by the male partner? If situation ethics cannot protect the vulnerable and young from exploitation then its claims to be about love and justice will not stand up to scrutiny.

20
Q

What is Extra-Marital sex?

A

Adultery

21
Q

What is Roman Catholic view on Extra Marital sex?

A

Sex should only take place within a marriage and it should be for life “till death us do apart” if you get divorce and remarry you are still religiously married to your previous spouse and therefore committing adultery on them.This is a sin because the Bible says “do not commit adultery”

22
Q

What is Natural Law view on Extra Marital Sex?

A

•Extra-marital sex does not support Aquinas precepts as it is not good for sustaining a flourishing human society in bringing up children in stable families.
•Extra-marital sex might feel good, but this is an apparent good, not a real good, because the primary purpose of sex are frustrated.

23
Q

Strengths of Natural view on Extra Marital sex?

A

•Adultery is considered wrong, not just by Christians but secular people as well.

24
Q

Weaknesses of Natural law view on Extra Marital sex?

A

•An argument could be made that under natural law extra marital sex could be moral as a way of resolving infertility e.g. Old Testament Abraham had a child with his servant girl Hagger when his wife Sarah was believe to be infertile

25
Q

What is Situation Ethics view on Extra Marital sex?

A

Joseph Fletcher uses e.g. of sexual ethics to illustrate how traditional ethical rules might be broken in situations where the most loving thing to do justifies setting aside moral norms. For e.g. he used the example of a married woman who asked a guard to have sex with her and impregnate her so she could be freed from a prisoner of war camp

26
Q

Strengths of Situation Ethic view on Extra Marital sex?

A

Extra-marital sex might be viewed as good in some circumstances. For instance, a wife whose husband has early onset Alzheimer’s disease and is in a care home, may find comfort in an extra-marital relationship while continuing to care for her husband

27
Q

Weaknesses of Situation Ethic view on Extra Marital sex?

A

Situation ethics puts the needs of the primary protagonist first, which makes it difficult to protect broader family interests and the interests of society as a whole. For e.g. parents who have extramarital affairs are putting the happiness of their husband or wife and their children at risk,

28
Q

What is Kant view on Extra Marital Sex?

A

If you universalised the concept of adultery and everyone has sex with people regardless of whether they are married or not being married would not mean anything.Imagine a society where people have casual sex relationship it’s would mean their is no point of marrying.

29
Q

What is Utilitarianism view on Extra Marital sex?

A

Rule Utilitarian might argue that ad a rule adultery is a bad thing.However they may support open marriages and some rule Utilitarians may not see adultery as a problem at all

30
Q

What does the Bible say about Homosexuality!

A

“Do not lie with a man as one lies with another women; that is detestable.”

31
Q

What is Roman Catholic view on Homosexuality?

A

•Most Christian thinkers in the past have condemned homosexuality. The Catholic Church believes that homosexual activity is wrong because god creates man and women to be ‘one flesh’
•They also see the activity of homosexuality as ‘masturbation’ and this is against the teaching of natural law, as it does not lead to reproduction. However, homosexual people should be treated with respect and unjust discrimination should be avoided.
•Pope Francis said: ‘if a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?’

32
Q

What is Church of England view on Homosexuality?

A

•opposes same-sex marriage and requires gay and lesbian clergy to remain celibate.
•Jeffrey John who was the UK’s first ‘gay bishop’.

33
Q

What is Natural Law view on Homosexuality?

A

•Unbelievably, Aquinas doesn’t like homosexuals He outright states that any sexual act that couldn’t result in pregnancy is wrong.
•One of our primary precepts is to reproduce, so the Catholic Church has derived a secondary precept saying the act of gay sex is wrong. The Church says gay men should remain celibate. Some NL theologians disagree, as celibacy doesn’t lead to reproduction either. They would look at other Primary Precepts, like ‘ordered society, and argue that it is good for gay men to be in relationships.

34
Q

Strength of Natural Law view on Homosexuality?

A
  • It gives firm, clear guidelines which are easy to understand and do not need interpretation in order to apply them
  • It is useful for Catholics because Natural Law is based on biblical teachings.
35
Q

Weaknesses of Natural Law view on Homosexuality?

A
  • Sex also has non-reproductive purposes, such as uniting a loving couple.
  • The lack of intent to reproduce can also be applied to heterosexual couples, as not every sexual act leads to a baby.
  • There is evidence that homosexuality might be biological and certainly many gay people would argue that homosexuality is not a choice.
36
Q

What is Situation Ethic view on Homosexuality?

A
  • Many Christians belief there are absolute rules about gay sex.Situationists don’t really care what the rules are anyway as the only rule is love.They would say that if two men love each other they should be able to have sex and get married
37
Q

What is strength of Situation Ethic view on Homosexuality?

A
  • It’s focused on doing the most loving thing.this is because love is the only rule of situation ethics
  • It focuses on justice.This is because of the Six propositions is love and justice are the same
  • Homosexual sex and marriage are no longer illegal and many include Christian’s believe it’s a good thing.This means situation ethics is right to set biblical laws in favour of love
38
Q

What is Utilitarianism view on Homosexuality?

A

•They believe if Homosexuality makes more people happy then it’s acceptable
•Bentham argue that homosexuality is acceptable because it presents little or no harm-of costs if pain outweighs pleasure
•Mill there’s always line between higher and lower pleasure.Love is a higher pleasure.Sexual acts-pleasure of the body would be a lower pleasure.So homosexuality could be acceptable in Mill’s eyes so long as the love is genuine

39
Q

Strength of Utilitarianism view on Homosexuality?

A
  • Utilitarians considered the preference of happiness of those involved and would therefore allow sexual acts to take place between consenting adults making informed choices
  • Mill says sexual preference should be a matter of individual choice
  • In general utilitarian are acceptable of homosexual relationships as long as they do not social harm
40
Q

Weaknesses of Utilitarianism view on Homosexuality?

A
  • As in all utilitarian decisions and calculations has to be made of pain or harm caused-that is not always possible or accurate
  • It depends on whether the people involved are capable of making informed decision

RE Ethics (7 decks)

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