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PSYC 333 Human Sexuality > Sexual Disorders & Variations in Sexual Behaviour > Flashcards

Sexual Disorders & Variations in Sexual Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is a paraphilia?

A

Any intense and persistent dependence and sexual interest on something atypical for sexual arousal

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2
Q

What is a paraphilic disorder?

A

A paraphilia that causes distress and/or impairment and that may cause harm to others

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3
Q

If something is atypical is it always a paraphilia?

A

NO.

Many people use items to increase sexual arousal but they are not dependent on them for sexual arousal

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4
Q

One does not need a _________ ___________ to have a _________ BUT one does need a __________ to have a _________ __________

A

paraphilic diagnosis; paraphilia

paraphilia; paraphilic diagnosis (disorder)

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5
Q

According to the DSM sexual interest is manifested as….

A

Fantasies, urges, or behaviour

*All of which can cause distress and/or impairment

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6
Q

All of the sexual disorders require a minimum of how many months of presence to be diagnosed?

A

A minimum of 6 months

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7
Q

What are the two broad categories of paraphilic disorders?

A
  1. Those involving preferences for atypical activities

2. Those involving preferences for atypical targets

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8
Q

What is a courtship disorder?

A

Disturbance in one or more phases of the common Western notion of partnered sexual activity

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9
Q

What are the courtship disorders?

A

Voyeuristic
Exhibitionistic
Frotteuristic

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10
Q

What is one theory regarding courtship disorders?

A

People with courtship disorders lack social skills to approach partnered sexual activity with consent

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11
Q

Voyeuristic disorder

A

Sexual pleasure from watching an unsuspecting person undress or engage in sexual activity

  • Must be 18 years of age (since during puberty increased sexual curiosity is normal)
  • Prefer this over normal sexual activity
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12
Q

Exhibitionistic disorder

A

Sexual pleasure from exposing genitals to an unsuspecting person

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13
Q

Freund and colleagues (1988) conducted a study with exhibitionists and found that when asked what they would prefer in terms of other peoples’ reactions the majority preferred…

and the majority did not prefer…

A

That people would have intercourse with them

That people would be fearful

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14
Q

Frotteuristic disorder

A

Sexual pleasure from rubbing against an unsuspecting person

  • Usually goes unnoticed
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15
Q

What is an algolagnic disorder?

A

Sexual pleasure from inflicting or experiencing pain

**NOT the same as kink because kink is always safe, sane, and consensual

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16
Q

What are the algolagnic disorders?

A

Sexual masochism and sexual sadism

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17
Q

Sexual masochism disorder

A

Sexual pleasure from being made to suffer physically or psychologically

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18
Q

Sexual sadism disorder

A

Sexual pleasure from physical or psychological suffering of another person

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19
Q

People with sexual sadism disorder show elevated traits of…

A

impulsivity, hyper-sexuality, callousness, and psychopathy

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20
Q

Sexual masochism is often thought of as…

A

a desire to escape from self-awareness and remove daily pressures/ responsibilities

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21
Q

Sexual sadism is often thought of as…

A

a way to diminish anxiety around sex

22
Q

Fetishistic disorder

A

Sexual pleasure from and sexual dependence on non-living objects or a highly specific focus on a non-genital body part

23
Q

Transvestic disorder

A

Sexual arousal from cross-dressing

*Usually momentary (during masturbation)

24
Q

What theory provides a relatively simple and intuitive explanation for the origin of fetishes and other sexual disorders?

A

Learning theory (i.e., classical conditioning)

25
Q

Many sex researchers define “normal” sex as sexual acts that ________

a) are commonly practiced among people
b) fit within global, socio-cultural parameters
c) do not cause harm to people
d) all of the above are “normal” sexual acts according to many sex researchers

A

c) do not cause harm to people

26
Q

Which of the following is likely a paraphilic disorder?

a) John wears a small camera on his left shoe so he can take “upskirt” pictures of unsuspecting women
b) For years now Sylvia and Ben have had satisfying sex whole both of them wear women’s underwear
c) Shona brings some hand cuffs and long feathers to bed with her because her boyfriend had said he is open to “spicing things up” in the bedroom
d) Lana masturbates every morning before she goes to the gym. She believes this improves her fitness and stamina

A

a) John wears a small camera on his left shoe so he can take “upskirt” pictures of unsuspecting women

27
Q

What document is most often used to diagnose paraphilic disorders?

a) Gray’s Anatomy
b) The Oxford English Dictionary
c) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
d) The Journal of the Canadian Medical Association

A

c) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

28
Q

Much of the available data about paraphilic disorders has come from assessment and treatment of ________ and individual case studies.

a) University students
b) Individuals who have been convicted of an offence related to their paraphilic disorder
c) online surveys
d) anonymous questionnaires

A

b) Individuals who have been convicted of an offence related to their paraphilic disorder

29
Q

Which of the following examples illustrates frotteuristic disorder?

a) Watching someone use the bathroom without their knowledge or permission
b) Rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual gratification
c) Masturbating during a sexually explicit phone call to an unsuspecting person
d) Exposing one’s genitals to women in the park

A

b) Rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual gratification

30
Q

Telephone scatologia is somewhat similar to ________.

a) frotteuristic disorders
b) voyeuristic disorder
c) toucherism
d) exhibitionistic disorder

A

d) exhibitionistic disorder

31
Q

The “masochism” in sadomasochism refers to ________

a) the person who is receiving the pain in the sexual context
b) the person who is inflicting the pain in the sexual context
c) the people who are observing the infliction of pain in a sexual context
d) those who make the rules for appropriate behaviour during kink encounters

A

a) the person who is receiving the pain in the sexual contex

32
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

a) The DSM has been criticized for its definitions of pedophilia and the usefulness of the criteria
b) Historically, most research on pedophilia has been conducted with pedophiles who have come to the attention of the legal system
c) Most pedophiles do not prey on strangers, and most are not violent
d) A pedophile is a person who sexually offends against children

A

d) A pedophile is a person who sexually offends against children

33
Q

What is currently the best predictor of recidivism by pedophiles?

a) penile photoplethysmography measurements
b) prison confession
c) becoming a parent
d) entering a treatment program while incarcerated

A

a) penile photoplethysmography measurements

34
Q

Which of the following is an example of transvestic disorder?

a) A middle-aged man who despite his distress, cannot stop stealing bras and wearing them to work under his clothing
b) A weekend drag queen
c) a person with a vulva who identifies as male
d) a young woman who has sexual fantasies that she is a man

A

a) A middle-aged man who despite his distress, cannot stop stealing bras and wearing them to work under his clothing

35
Q

_______ is characterized by arousal to enemas, the injection of liquid into the rectum through the anus, usually for cleansing or for stimulating evacuation of the bowels

a) Coprophilia
b) Zoophilia
c) Klismaphilia
d) Necrophilia

A

c) Klismaphilia

36
Q

Which of the following is an important factor to consider when diagnosing hyper sexuality?

a) hyper sexuality is similar to persistent genital arousal disorder and therefore diagnostic tools must be able to separate the two from each other
b) hyper sexuality usually presents as a single disorder and is not comorbid with other paraphilias
c) high levels of sexual activity in and of itself is not enough for a diagnosis of hyper sexuality
d) all of the above must be considered when diagnosing hypersexuality

A

c) high levels of sexual activity in and of itself is not enough for a diagnosis of hyper sexuality

37
Q

As a teenager Walter was attended by a pretty young nurse who was wearing a stethoscope around her neck. When she bent over to speak to him Walter saw her breasts. This gave him an immediate erection which he hid from view. Now as a man, he not only finds stethoscopes very sexually arousing, but also any medical equipment. Which theory best explains the development of this paraphilia?

a) Psychoanalytic theory
b) Theories developed from brain functioning studies
c) Humanistic theory
d) Behavioural theory

A

d) Behavioural theory

38
Q

A stepfather who has been sexually abusing his stepdaughter for years tells himself he is doing it because “it’s better that I teach her about sex than some young guy who has no skills or experience with sex.” This rationalization is an example of ________.

a) purposeful misrepresentations
b) priapism
c) urophilia
d) cognitive distortions

A

d) cognitive distortions

39
Q

In what gender group are paraphilias most common?

a) Women
b) Men
c) Non-binary people
d) Paraphilias are equally seen in all genders studied to date

A

b) Men

40
Q

Which of the following criticisms have been levelled against phallometry?

a) phallometry lacks standardized guidelines for use
b) phallometry tests can be manipulated by test takers
c) phallometry tests lack a standardized cut off rate for determining sexual preference
d) all of the above criticisms have been levelled against phallometry

A

d) all of the above criticisms have been levelled against phallometry

41
Q

Which paraphilic disorders treatment plan includes challenging cognitive distortions about sexual offending; encouraging the offender to empathize with others; and taking responsibility for offending?

a) mindfulness and emotional regulation
b) aversion therapy
c) cognitive behaviour therapy
d) orgasmic reconditioning

A

c) cognitive behaviour therapy

42
Q

Which paraphilic disorders treatment plan includes linking the paraphilic behaviour to a noxious stimulus?

a) mindfulness and emotional regulation
b) aversion therapy
c) medical treatments
d) orgasmic reconditioning

A

b) aversion therapy

43
Q

According to psychoanalytic theory what are some factors that play a role in the development and maintenance of paraphilias/ paraphilic disorders?

A
  • > Need to reduce castration anxiety

- > Early sexual abuse/trauma

44
Q

According to behavioural theory what are some factors that play a role in the development and maintenance of paraphilias/paraphilic disorders?

A

-> Classical conditioning

45
Q

What are some neurological findings in regard to pedophilic disorder?

A
  • > Pedophiles have lower IQs
  • > Deficits in brain activation associated with sexuality
  • > Decreased grey matter volume in certain areas
46
Q

What model is the predominant model that is currently used to understand sexual offending?

A

The model of cognitive distortions

47
Q

What are three criticisms of the DSM-5 definition of pedophilia?

A
  1. It does not take into account specifiers for attraction to different age groups
  2. It allows for diagnosis on the basis of behaviour alone (i.e., whether someone has sexually abused a child regardless of primary attraction)
  3. The age of 13 is an arbitrary cut-off for acceptable sexual attraction
48
Q

What are 3 ways in which normal sexuality can be defined?

A
  • > From a statistical point of view (prevalence of sexual behaviours)
  • > Sociocultural approach (sexual norms and taboos)
  • > Those that do not cause harm to others
49
Q

What is Criterion B in the DSM and why is it important to consider when discussing the paraphilic disorders?

A

Criterion B specifies the negative consequences of the paraphilia (distress, impairment, harm)

If this is not apparent than a diagnosis cannot be made

50
Q

What are three main risk factors used in the assessment of recidivism of sex offenders who target children?

A
  1. Online offenders with a history of contact offences
  2. Penile photoplethysmography
  3. Non-incest offenders

PSYC 333 Human Sexuality (10 decks)

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