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Abnormal Test 4 > Sexual disorders > Flashcards

Sexual disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions

A

problems in normal response - ex. interest, arousal, and response

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2
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

Conflict with anatomical sex and gender identity - feels like born in wrong body

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3
Q

Paraphilic Disorders

A

sexual urges/fantasies that are problematic, about situations, objects, or people

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4
Q

Freud

A

acceptable to talk about sexual topics, looked at libido - important to psychoanalytic theory

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5
Q

Kinsey, Masters & Johnson, & Janus Report

A

in the 90s looked at sexual behaviors in the elderly (60s and older)

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6
Q

Appetitive phase

A

increase desire/interest in sexual activity

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7
Q

Arousal Phase

A

intensifies with specific or direct stimulation, but may follow or precede appetitive phase

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8
Q

orgasm phase

A

involuntary contractions and sexual tension release, Women can have multiple

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9
Q

resolution phase

A

body relaxation after orgasm, decreases heart rate, BP, and respiration - goes back to normal

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10
Q

Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

A

little or no interest/desire in sexual activities, either actual or fantasized

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11
Q

Female sexual arousal disorder

A

unable to attain/maintain response or arousal during activity

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12
Q

Erectile Disorder

A

unable to attain or maintain erection, not sufficient for intercourse or lacks arousal

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13
Q

Primary ED

A

never able to successfully have intercourse

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14
Q

Secondary ED

A

At least one successful instance of intercourse

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15
Q

Male Hyposexual Desire Disorder

A

Persistent and recurrent deficiency/absense of sexual or erotic thoughts, fantasies, or desire for sexual ability (during the appetitve/interest phases)

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16
Q

Hypersexual disorder

A

craving for constant sex that it negatively effects relationships, work productivity, and daily routines

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17
Q

associated problems with hypersexual disorder

A
  1. too much time spent on sexual urges and behaviors
  2. repetitive engagement in sexual fantasies/behaviors - response to depression, anxiety, stressful life events, etc.
  3. unable to reduce or control - despite harm to self or others
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18
Q

Orgasmic Disorder (OD)

A

Persistent delay or unable to achieve after arousal/excitement phase is reached
Not related to focus, intensity, & duration of sexual activity

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19
Q

primary female orgasmic disorder

A

never had an orgasm

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20
Q

secondary female orgasmic disorder

A

experienced at least one orgasm

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21
Q

delayed ejaculation

A

Male OD; usually restricted to inability to ejaculate in vagina

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22
Q

Premature Ejaculation

A

Early; ejaculation within 1 minute of vaginal penetration and before individual wishes it to happen

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23
Q

Genito-Pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

physical pain or discomfort with sexual intercourse - fear, anxiety, and distress usually present

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24
Q

dyspareunia

A

pain in genital area, recurrent or persistent pain in genital areas, could be before, during, or after intercourse

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25
Q

vaginismus

A

involuntary spasm of vaginal wall, marked tensing/tightening of outside third of vaginal wall, prevents or interferes with intercourse

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26
Q

Biological Dimension of Sexual disorders

A

low testosterone or high estrogen (linked to low sexual interest), medications for medical conditions can affect sex drive, alcohol use, illnesses and other physiological factors, amount of blood flow in genital areas

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27
Q

Alcohol Use

A

Leading cause of sexual disorders

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28
Q

Psychological Dimension

A

predisposing or historical factors
current problems and concerns
psychoanalysts
cognitive theorists

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29
Q

current problems and concerns for men

A

performance anxiety

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30
Q

current problems and concerns for women

A

situations or coital (intercourse) anxiety

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31
Q

psychoanalists

A

focus on the role of unconscious conflicts

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32
Q

cognitive theorists

A

focus on performance anxiety and spectator role

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33
Q

Social Dimension

A

social upbringing and current relationships-being raised in strict religious environment
traumatic sexual experiences-childhood sexual abuse, rape
relationship issues-often forefront of sexual disorders for men and women

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34
Q

sociocultural dimension

A

sexual behavior and functioning influenced by: gender, age, education level, country of origin, etc.
cultural scripts can impact sexual functioning (vary: explicit to implicit rules or norms)
sexuality and sexual orientation (hetero vs. homosexual - no diff. in arousal and responses, but sexual issues may differ dramatically)

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35
Q

facts about women

A
  1. capable of multiple orgasms
  2. entertain different fantasies
  3. broader arousal pattern
  4. take longer to become aroused than men
  5. more attuned to relationships in sex encounter (relationship they are in)
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36
Q

Sociocultural Dimension

A

-Cultural scripts can impact sexual functioning
Vary - explicit to implicit rules/norms
-Sexuality & sexual orientation - Heterosexuals vs. homosexual = No physiological differences in sexual arousal and response
But sexual issues may differ dramatically

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37
Q

Biological Treatment

A
  • Hormone replacement = Testosterone and estrogen
    -Mechanical devices or special medications = Ex. Vacuum pumps, penile implants, suppositories
    -Erectile dysfunction?
    Past procedures: Injection of substances into penis
38
Q

Current alternatives for Erectile Dysfunction

A

Oral medications

Ex. Viagra, levitra, cialis

39
Q

Psychological Treatment

A

sexual education - replace myths/misconceptions with facts

  • Anxiety Reduction - desensitization or graded approaches
  • structured behavioral exercises - graded tasks that gradually increase amount of sexual interaction
  • communication training - teaching appropriate ways of communicating sexual wishes
40
Q

Psychological Non-Medical Treatments

A

Female Orgasmic Dysfuntion - structure behavioral exercises and communication training, most effective: masturbation
-Early Ejaculation - petting/touching & stopping, “Squeezing Technique”- disrupt blood flow at the base of the erect penis
Vaginismus - Deconditioning muscles, possible use of dialators

41
Q

Aging and Sexual Activity

A

2007 study

  • declines with age, women less active at all ages
  • sexually active men and women: 50% At least 1 sexual problem
42
Q

Most Frequent Problems in Women

A

Low sexual interest/desire
Lubrication problems
Inability to climax

43
Q

Most frequent problems in Men

A

Erectile difficulties

44
Q

Effects of aging in men and women

A

Women – decrease estrogen levels

Men – increase prostate problems

45
Q

Risk of medical illnesses and aging

A
  • Increases in both sexes

- May affect sexual interest and performance

46
Q

Medical procedures

A

Decrease effects of organic-based problems

47
Q

Sexual activity of 65+ yrs. (Janus Report, 1993)

A
  • Declined from 30-40 years
  • Able to reach orgasm and sex diminished little
  • Unchanged desire for active sex life
48
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A
  • Conflict w/ anatomical sex & gender identity
  • Strong self-identification with opposite sex or gender
  • Not the same as sexual orientation: Can be heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or asexual
  • Strong/persistent gender incongruence: From a young age
49
Q

Gender Dysphoria Etiology

A
  • Unclear & disorder is rare
  • Interaction of multiple variables
  • Interpretations with caution
50
Q

Biological Factors for Gender Dysphoria

A
  • Strongly implications
  • Neurohormonal factors, genetics, & brain differences
  • role of testosterone & hypothalamus
  • Psychological & social influences: Childhood experiences
51
Q

Gender Dysphoria Treatment

A
  • Psychotherapy & hormone therapy is usually required for long time period before surgical options
  • Sex reassignment surgery = Adults: 1 in 30,000 males and 1 in 100,000 females
  • Studies show positive outcomes
52
Q

Paraphilic Disorders

A
  • Nonhuman objects or non-consenting individuals
  • Real or stimulated pain, suffering, or humiliation
  • At least 6 months
53
Q

DSM-5: Difference from paraphilias

A
  • May not cause personal Distress or harm to others
  • Psychiatric intervention may not be justified
  • Prevent labeling of Non-normative behavior as (≠) Pathology
54
Q

Fetishistic disorder

A
  • Sexual attraction w/ inanimate objects
  • Significant distress to self or others
  • Men (common) > Women (rare)
55
Q

Transvestic disorder

A
  • Sexual attraction via cross-dressing
  • NOT gender dysphoria
  • Much higher prevalence for men
56
Q

Exhibitionistic disorder

A

Sexual attraction to exposing genitals to strangers

-Shock intent - increase sexual arousal

57
Q

Voyeuristic disorder

A

Sexual attraction to watching unsuspected person disrobe/engage in sexual activity
“peeping toms”

58
Q

Frotteuristic disorder

A

Recurrent sexual attraction to touch/rub against non-consenters

59
Q

Paraphilic Disorders Involving Non-Consenting Persons

A
  1. Exhibitionistic Disorder
  2. Voyeuristic Disorder
  3. Frotteuristic Disorder
60
Q

Pedophilic Disorder

A

Sexual urges to:

  • Prepubescent/early pubescent children (≤ 13 yrs.)
  • Erotic gratification or sexual arousal by adults in having sex with children (above)
61
Q

Prevalence in women victims

A

Women: 20-30% childhood sexual encounters with a man

Family relative, friend, or casual acquaintance

62
Q

Physical & psychological symptoms of pedophilic disorder victims

A

Urinary tract infections, poor appetite, and headaches

Nightmares, acting out, and difficulty sleeping

63
Q

Incest

A
  • form of pedophilic disorder: sexual relations with closely related family members, also too closely related to marry legally
  • Nearly universally taboo in society
  • victims often feel guilty/powerless: increases problems-High rates of drug abuse, Sexual dysfunction, Psychiatric problems
64
Q

sexual sadism disorder

A

Sexually arounding urges, fantasies, or acts linked to influcting physical or psychologcal suffering on others

65
Q

sexual masochism disorder

A

Sexual urges, fantasies, or acts linked to being humiliated, bound, or made to suffer

66
Q

sadomasochistic disorder

A

Combination of sexual masochism and sexual sadism disorders

67
Q

diagnostic criteria for paraphilic disorders involving pain or humiliation

A

Must act on urges and be distressed by them

68
Q

Etiology of Paraphilic disorders - biological factors

A
  • Genetic, neuro-hormonal, & brain anomaly causes: Not consistent
  • Men: Pedophilic disorder: Deficits in brain activation and less white matter
69
Q

Etiology of Paraphilic disorders - psychological factors

A

Psychodynamic theories: Unconscious childhood conflicts and castration anxiety

70
Q

Treatment of paraphilic disorders - psychologically

A

Help patient to understand relationship between deviation and unconscious conflict

71
Q

social factors of paraphilic disorders

A

Learning theory: Stresses early conditioning experiences

72
Q

treatment of parahilic disorders - socially

A

↓ Sexually inappropriate behaviors: Extinction or aversive conditioning
↑ Sexually appropriate behaviors
↑ Appropriate social skills

73
Q

Rape

A

sexual agression/activity - against their will
-uses force, argument, pressure, alcohol/drugs, or authority
NOT a DSM-V disorder

74
Q

Statutory Rape

A

Sexual intercourse w/ a child younger than age of consent (CA: 18 years)

75
Q

Rape - statistics

A

U.S. prevalence Rates-1.3 rapes per min.

Same race as rapist – 90%
Acquainted w/ rapist – about 50%
Home or car – about 50%

76
Q

date or acquaintance rape statistics

A

Majority of all rapes
Female college students: “Unwanted sexual intercourse?”
8-25%
Many are reluctant to report

77
Q

Characteristics of Rapists

A
  1. Creates situations for sexual encounters?
    - Friendliness as provocation & protest as insincerity
    - Manipulates with Alcohol (70%) or “date rape drugs”
  2. Failed attempts at sexual encounters?
    - Blames negative body features – protects ego
  3. Childhood environments?
    - Parental neglect or physical/sexual abuse
  4. Compared to non-sexually aggressive men
    - Initiated Intercourse earlier in life
    - More Sexual partners
78
Q

Rape Effects

A

Rape Trauma Syndrome

Two phases: Acute and Long-term

79
Q

Rape Trauma Syndrome

A

distress, phobic reactions, and sexual dysfunction

consistent with PTSD

80
Q

Acute Phase of rape effects

A

Right after rape - “why did do…”

  • Disorganization
  • Feelings of self-blame, fear, and depression
  • May openly express or conceal feelings
81
Q

Long-term Phase of rape effects

A
  • Reorganization
  • Lingering fears and phobic reactions
  • Difficulty resuming sexual activity/enjoyment
82
Q

3 motivational types (1977 study)

A
  • power rapists
  • anger rapists
  • sadistic raptists
  • Power, aggression, & violence > Sex
83
Q

power rapists

A
  • 55%
  • Compensates for personal/sexual inadequacy
  • Intimidates victims
84
Q

anger rapists

A
  • 40%
  • Angry at women in general
  • Victim is convenient target
85
Q

sadistic raptists

A
  • 5%
  • Satisfaction from inflicting pain
  • may torture or mutilate victims
86
Q

Recent findings

A
  • Teens or 20’s – more victims in these ages
  • Sexual motivation: primary reason for actions
  • Multiple paraphilias
87
Q

Media portrayals of violent sex

A
  • affects sexual attitudes/thoughts

- Influences patterns of sexual arousal

88
Q

“Cultural spillover” theory

A

More rapes in environments that encourage violence

89
Q

Treatment or Rehab?

A
  1. High recidivism rates

2. Most frequent response - Prison with little or no treatment

90
Q

Behavioral Treatment

A
  1. Assess sexual interests to stimuli via self-report
  2. Measure erectile responses to diff stimuli
  3. Decrease deviant interests using aversion therapy
  4. Orgasmic reconditioning/masturbation - Retrain to appropriate stimuli
  5. Social skills training
  6. Assessment after treatment
91
Q

Surgical Castration

A

Used in Europe mostly

Low relapse rate

92
Q

Chemical therapy (e.g., Depo-Provera)

A
  1. ↓ Self-reports of sexual urges in child molesters
  2. Genital arousal?
    Does not reduce genetial arousal (erectile responses)

Abnormal Test 4 (4 decks)

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