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Abnormal Test 4 > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A
  1. An individual’s recognizable behaviors in which a pattern, order, and regularity can be identified
  2. A psychological construct that is influenced by biological processes and needs
  3. An influence on how we respond in the world and a cause of some of our actions
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2
Q

Traits are disorders when

A
  1. They result in an adaptive failure in life
  2. They cause personal problems to self or others
  3. They are quite pronounced
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3
Q

Diagnosed when

A
  1. Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly form the expectations of the individuals culture
  2. Has to significantly impair individuals self functioning and his/her ability to engage in effective interpersonal functioning
    Intimacy issues – overly dependent etc.
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4
Q

Diagnosis

A
  1. Manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition
    affectivity and Interpersonal functioning
  2. Overall lifetime prevalence ~9-13% (relatively common)
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5
Q

cognition affectivity –

A

emotion/mood

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6
Q

Interpersonal functioning

A

impulse control

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7
Q

Sociocultural Considerations

A
  1. Cultural/Ethnic differences

2. Gender Differences

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8
Q

Cultural/Ethnic differences

A

Bias in the UK
Collectivistic (ex. Japan) vs. Individualistic cultures
Ex. In book!

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9
Q

Gender differences

A
  1. Men > Women for Antisocial Personality Disorder
    White/Caribbean men 2.8 times more likely to be diagnosed than
  2. African American
    Women > Men for Borderline Personality Disorder
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10
Q

DSM

A

Personality disorders are on Axis II in the DSM-5

Can Coexist with Axis I disorders

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11
Q

DSM Changes

A

DSM-IV-TR: Only 3 clusters

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12
Q

Proposed changes to the DSM-V

A

Not enough evidence
Too similar
No clusters, and change to trait specific disorders

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13
Q

Actual changes to the DSM-V

A

Close to the same version of the DSM-IV-TR

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14
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders

A

Odd/Eccentric

  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid
  3. Schizotypal
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15
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders

A

Dramatic/Emotional

  1. Antisocial
  2. Borderline
  3. Histrionic
  4. Narcissistic
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16
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders

A

Anxious/Fearful

  1. Avoidant
  2. Dependent
  3. Obsessive-Compulsive
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17
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder Symptoms

A
  1. Distrust
  2. Suspiciousness
  3. Assume that other people will exploit, harm, or deceive them
  4. Preoccupation with unjustified doubts about loyalty or trustworthiness
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18
Q

Prevalence of paranoid personality disorder

A

Increased when relative has schizophrenia or delusional disorder, persecutory type

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19
Q

Cultural considerations with paranoid personalty disorder

A

misinterpretation of unfamiliarity in ethnic minorities

20
Q

Treatments of Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Development of trust

countering negativistic thinking

21
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder Symptoms

A
  1. Detachment
  2. Restricted range of emotions - “Loner” want to be alone
  3. Lack of desire for intimacy
  4. Preference for solitary activities - Prefer abstract activities
  5. Dull, bland, not attentive
  6. Difficulty understanding what people feel or think
22
Q

Prevalence of Schizoid Personalty Disorder

A
  1. Increased when relatives have schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder
  2. Shyness/poor peer relationships seen early
23
Q

Cultural/Gender Considerations for Schizoid Personality Disorder

A
  1. Misinterpretation of defensive behaviors
  2. More often diagnosed in males (possibly causes more impairment)
  3. “Emotional Freezing”
24
Q

“Emotional freezing”

A

Move from rural to urban environments

Difficult to go from nobody around to New York City with lots of people

25
Q

Treatment for Schizoid Personality Disorder

A
  1. Sufferers rarely seek treatment
  2. Don’t realize their life is different than it could be!

When they do:

  1. Focus on value of interpersonal relationships
  2. Build empathy and social skills - Better connect with those around them
26
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder Symptoms

A
  1. Ideas about reference – god, controlling people etc.
  2. Odd beliefs/magical thinking
  3. Unusual perceptual experiences
  4. Paranoia/suspiciousness
  5. Social anxiety

Less extreme than schizophrenia, but are similar

Statistic:
30-50% have concurrent diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder

27
Q

Schizotypal Prevalence

A

Increased when relatives have schizophrenia

28
Q

Schizotypal cultural/Gender Considerations

A
  1. Must be evaluated in the context of their culture - Ex. Speaking to person not there could be rituals
  2. May be slightly more common in males
29
Q

Schizotypal Treatment

A
  1. Medication for specific symptoms
  2. Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy - Important to have family involved and have support system
  3. Early enrichment for children – try to reduce disorder symptoms - Acting strangely, cut the symptoms early, nip in the bud
30
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Biological Dimension - Genetic Influences

A

Twin studies and adoptions studies

Monozygotic: if one has it the other is higher risk of getting it

31
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Biological Dimension - Brain Functioning

A
  • Abnormal
  • Poor fear conditioning: Big problems/contributions, Should have some level of fear, but they don’t, Amygdala is abnormal, does not control impulses
32
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Biological Dimension - Autonomic Nervous System abnormalities

A

Less likely to learn from experiences

33
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Psychological Dimension

A

-Psychodynamic Perspective: Faulty superego, Little experiences of guilt
-Cognitive Perspective:
“predatory strategy”
Get them before they get me… (attitude)
-Learning Perspectives:
Learning deficiencies caused by absence of anxiety

34
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Social Dimension

A

Rejection or Deprivation: means less opportunity to learn socially behaviors
Lowered ability to pay attention to social stimuli

35
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Sociocultural Dimension

A
  1. Gender Considerations: More in males but when women have it, Relational aggression more common females
  2. Considerations:
    Collectivistic culture differences
36
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder Treatment

A
  1. Problems: Less motivated to change themselves or seek treatment and May try to manipulate or con therapist
    Best Practices: 1. Successful when Behavior can be controlled 2. New strategies should focus on those who display antisocial tendencies when young 3. Teach remorse and what their actions do to others 4. Use of material rewards are most effective
37
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder - Symptoms

A
  1. Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment - Real or imagined
  2. Unstable relationships
  3. Impulsivity
  4. Reactivity of mood
  5. Recurrent suicidal or self-harming behavior
38
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder - Possible Explanations

A
  • Psychodynamic: early childhood experiences
  • Contemporary: problems with mood regulation
  • Biological: brain abnormalities
39
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder - prevalence

A

More common when first degree relatives of those with the disorder
Diagnosed predominantly in Females – 75%

40
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder - Treatment

A
  1. Dialectical Behavior Therapy to teach skills in: Emotional regulation, Distress tolerance, Interpersonal effectiveness

Most important goal:
Change Suicidal Behaviors

41
Q

Histrionic Personality disorder Symptoms

A
  • Need to be center of attention
  • Inappropriate behavior
  • Self-dramatization
  • Manipulate to gain nurturance

-Feel uncomfortable when not the center of attention

42
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Symptoms

A
  • Grandiose sense of self-importance
  • sense of entitlement
  • arrogance
  • fragile self-esteem
  • impaired interpersonal relationships
  • Statistic: 50-75% are male
43
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder - symptoms

A
  • Avoidance of activities that involve interpersonal contact
  • Fear of being shamed
  • Unusually reluctant to take personal risks
  • Shy, quiet, “invisible”
  • May be result of problems in acculturation following immigration
    women: told not to speak or dress certain ways
44
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder - Symptoms

A
  • Difficulty with making independent decisions
  • Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others
  • Uncomfortable or helpless when alone
  • Become quickly attached to other individuals
  • more common in women
45
Q

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

Symptoms:

  • Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of productivity
  • Unreasonably inflexible
  • Reluctant to delegate tasks
  • Do well in career, but difficult relationship with families
  • type A personality

Abnormal Test 4 (4 decks)

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