Sexed Flashcards
What are common excuses teens give for not using birth control?
Excuses include:
* It was unromantic and planned
* I would feel guilty
* It is against my religion
* We used the withdrawal method
* Doctor will blab to my mom
* It won’t happen to me
* Condoms break and don’t work
These excuses reflect various personal, social, and psychological barriers to using contraception.
What is the estimated number of cases of Chlamydia in Canada from 2018 to 2021?
104,246 cases
This statistic highlights the prevalence of Chlamydia as a sexually transmitted infection in Canada.
What is the only 100% effective method of birth control?
Abstinence
Abstinence is defined as not engaging in sexual intercourse.
What are some reasons for abstaining from sexual activity?
Reasons include:
* Moral or religious values
* Personal beliefs
* Medical reasons
* Not feeling ready for an emotional, intimate relationship
* Future plans
These reasons vary widely among individuals and cultures.
Name three types of hormonal birth control methods.
Examples include:
* Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pill)
* Injections (Depo-Provera)
* Implants (Norplant I & II)
Hormonal methods work by altering the hormonal balance to prevent ovulation and pregnancy.
How effective are birth control pills when taken properly?
Over 99% effective
It is essential for women to have a pap smear to get a prescription for birth control pills.
What are the primary mechanisms by which the birth control pill prevents pregnancy?
The pill works by:
* Stopping ovulation
* Thinning uterine lining
* Thickening cervical mucus
These actions make it more difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg.
True or False: Birth control pills prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
False
Birth control pills do not provide any protection against STDs.
What is Depo-Provera and how effective is it?
Depo-Provera is a birth control shot given once every three months, 99.7% effective
It works similarly to the pill but does not require daily administration.
What are some side effects of the birth control patch?
Side effects may include:
* Irregular menstrual bleeding
* Nausea
* Headaches
* Mood changes
* Blood clots (rare)
The patch releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream.
What is the effectiveness rate of Norplant implants?
99.95% effective
Implants are placed under the skin and require a simple outpatient procedure.
What is the main purpose of emergency contraception pills (ECP)?
To reduce the chance of pregnancy by 75% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex
ECP works by preventing ovulation and altering the uterine environment.
What are barrier methods of contraception?
Barrier methods include:
* Spermicides
* Male Condom
* Female Condom
* Diaphragm
* Cervical Cap
These methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg.
What is the effectiveness rate of male condoms?
Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%, Typical effectiveness rate = 88%
Combining condoms with spermicides raises effectiveness levels to 99%.
What is the NuvaRing and its effectiveness?
A vaginal ring that is 95-99% effective, inserted monthly
It releases hormones and does not require a fitting by a healthcare provider.
What is the effectiveness rate of a diaphragm?
Perfect Effectiveness Rate = 94%, Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%
The diaphragm must be fitted by a physician and used with spermicide.
What surgical procedure is performed for female sterilization?
Tubal Ligation
This involves cutting, tying, or cauterizing the fallopian tubes.
What is a vasectomy?
A male sterilization procedure involving the ligation of the vas deferens
It has a failure rate of 0.1%, making it more effective than female sterilization.
What is the effectiveness of natural family planning?
Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%, Typical effectiveness rate = 75%
This method requires careful tracking of the menstrual cycle.
What is the withdrawal method and its effectiveness?
Removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation, effectiveness rate is 80%
This method is not sufficient as a standalone birth control method.
What are STDs?
Diseases and infections capable of being spread from person to person
Which age group in Canada has the highest rates of STIs?
Young people from ages 15 to 24
True or False: Most people with an STI experience painful symptoms.
False
True or False: Birth control pills prevent the spread of STIs.
False
True or False: Douching will cure an STI.
False
True or False: Abstinence is the best way to prevent STIs.
True
True or False: If you get an STI once, and are treated, you can’t get it again.
False
True or False: A person does not need to see a doctor if they notice sores on their genitals once, but then they go away.
False
True or False: Condoms help prevent the spread of STIs.
True
What are common symptoms of STIs?
- Sores (painful or painless)
- Blood in urine
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Rashes
- Itching
- Bumps
- Warts
- Unusual discharge
What types of activities can transfer infections?
- Oral sex
- Vaginal sex
- Anal sex
- I.V. drug use
- Skin-to-skin contact for some infections
Infections can be transferred through the exchange of which bodily fluids?
- Blood
- Semen
- Vaginal secretions
- Saliva
- Breast milk
What are the main types of STIs?
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Parasitic
What is Chlamydia?
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
How is Chlamydia transmitted?
Through unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex
What percentage of women and men have no symptoms of Chlamydia?
70% of women and 10% of men
What are some symptoms of Chlamydia in women?
- Vaginal discharge (white or grey)
- Burning with urination
- Lower abdominal pain
- Bleeding between periods
- Low-grade fever (later symptom)
What are some symptoms of Chlamydia in men?
- Discharge from the penis
- Burning when urinating
- Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
- Pain and swelling in the testicles
- Low-grade fever
How is Chlamydia tested?
Through a simple urine test or a swab taken during a Pap test (females only)
How is Chlamydia treated?
One dose of antibiotics, but takes about 7 days to clear the infection
What is Gonorrhea?
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae
How is Gonorrhea transmitted?
Through unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex
What are some symptoms of Gonorrhea in women?
- Yellow or white discharge from the vagina
- Burning or pain when urinating
- Bleeding between periods
- Cramps or pain in lower abdomen
What are some symptoms of Gonorrhea in men?
- Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis
- Burning or pain when urinating
- Frequent urinating
- Swollen testicles
How is Gonorrhea tested?
Through a simple urine test or a swab taken during a Pap test (females only)
How is Gonorrhea treated?
One dose of antibiotics, but takes about 7 days to clear the infection
What is HPV?
A sexually transmitted viral infection caused by the Human Papillomavirus
What can HPV cause?
- Genital warts
- Cervical cancer
How is HPV transmitted?
Through unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex or from skin-to-skin contact
What are the symptoms of HPV?
- Warts on genitals or rectum
- Itchiness
- Discomfort and/or bleeding during sex
How is HPV diagnosed?
By looking at the warts or changes during a Pap test (females)
What is Hepatitis B?
A viral infection that damages the liver
How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
Through the exchange of bodily fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, blood)
What are symptoms of Hepatitis B?
- Tiredness
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever and chills
- Yellowish skin or eyes
How is Hepatitis B tested?
Through a special blood test
What is Herpes?
A viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2)
How is Herpes transmitted?
Through direct oral, vaginal, or anal sex or from skin-to-skin contact
What are the symptoms of Herpes?
- Tingling or burning sensation
- Blisters and sores
- Flu-like symptoms during outbreaks
How is Herpes diagnosed?
By checking the sores and taking swabs of the fluid
What is HIV?
The virus that causes AIDS and attacks the immune system
How is HIV transmitted?
Through the exchange of blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk
What are some initial symptoms of HIV?
- Mild flu-like symptoms
- Frequent fever or sweats
- Skin rashes
- Swollen glands
How is HIV tested?
Through a special blood test, but takes 3 months for the infection to be detectable
What is the appearance of Pubic Lice commonly referred to as?
Crabs
How are Pubic Lice transmitted?
Through direct physical contact
What are the symptoms of Pubic Lice?
A terrible, persisting itch in the genital or rectal area
What is Syphilis?
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum
What is the first symptom of Syphilis?
A chancre (painless sore) at the point of infection
What are the stages of Syphilis?
- Stage 1: Chancre
- Stage 2: Rash
- Stage 3: Internal damage
- Stage 4: Long-term effects
How is Syphilis tested?
Through a special blood test
How is Syphilis treated?
With antibiotics, usually penicillin
What is important to do if someone has an STI?
Tell your partner(s) to prevent the spread of STIs
What is recommended to reduce the risks of transmitting STIs?
Use condoms every time you have intercourse
Fill in the blank: When you have sex with someone, you are having sex with everyone they have had sex with; and everyone they have had sex with; and so on, and so on, and so on… Remember _______.
This fact highlights the importance of sexual health and communication
