Sex pt1

Question 1

male and female differences in nature

Answer 1

• size difference; males usually larger
• males more sexually appetitive
• females more selective of their mates
• males more sexually ornamented
• males more aggressive
• females care for young

Question 2

aggression in men

Answer 2

adapted to combat each other

95% of convicted homicides are by men, they are victims of 79% of them

Question 3

parental investment theory

Answer 3

sexual division of labor in raising offspring

Question 4

reproductive costs

Answer 4

parenting costs

mating costs

Question 5

parenting costs

Answer 5

borne by females through birth

human males take on more parental costs

Question 6

mating costs

Answer 6

borne by males through intra/intersexual selection

both sexes in humans contribute

Question 7

what causes greater sexual dimorphism?

Answer 7

greater polygyny

Question 8

polygyny

Answer 8

many females for one male

Question 9

sources of sexual conflict

Answer 9

• desire for sexual variety
• sexual willingness
• perception of interest
• sexual jealousy
• violence

Question 10

sexual variety differences

Answer 10

all males show more desire for more partners

show the Coolidge effect

Question 11

coolidge effect

Answer 11

males show renewed interest in the presence of new females

has evolutionary incentive to impregnate more females, whereas females can only impregnated once

Question 12

sexual willingness

Answer 12

men have higher sociosexual orientation than women
attractive men have more ST relationships than LT
attractive women have more LT relationships than ST
and vice versa

Question 13

sociosexual orientation

Answer 13

willingness to engage in sexual activity outside of a committed relationship

Question 14

perception of interest

Answer 14

men and women differ in over or under perception sexual interest based on error management theory
men over-perceive sexual interest
women under-perceive

Question 15

why do men over perceive sexual interest?

Answer 15

it is more costly for men to not perceive female interest as it would be a missed opportunity to create offspring (type 2 mistake)

Question 16

why do women under perceive sexual interest

Answer 16

it is more costly for women to believe a man is ready to commit when he isn’t (type 1 mistake) because they will be left with a child and no partner support

Question 17

error management theory

Answer 17

decisions have 4 possible outcomes and have differential costs for making different errors
type 1 error
type 2 error

Question 18

type 1 error

Answer 18

false positive, signal is being perceived but what it’s meant to signal isn’t happening
e.g. car alarm goes off but no one is breaking into the car

Question 19

type 2 error

Answer 19

false negative, signal is not happening but it should be

e.g. car is being broken into but car alarm is not going off

Question 20

sexual jealousy

Answer 20

men are more distressed at sexual infidelity than emotional infidelity, vice versa for women

Question 21

why are men more sexually jealous?

Answer 21

paternal uncertainty

Question 22

violence

Answer 22

mainly caused by paternal uncertainty

Question 23

paternal uncertainty

Answer 23

males are always uncertain if a child is theirs

Question 24

adaptations to paternal uncertainty

Answer 24

domestic aggression
infanticide
sexual jealousy

Question 25

cinderella effect

Answer 25

children in a house with a step-father are more likely to be abused and injured than with a biological father