Sex Offenders

Question 1

Personality Disorder

Answer 1

Cluster A: Odd and eccentric: Paranoid, Schizoid and Schizotypal
Cluster B: Dramatic: Borderline, Anti-Social, Narcissistic, Histrionic
Cluster C: Anxious/fearful: Avoidant, Dependent and Obsessive Compulsive personality disorders.

Question 2

Paraphilic Disorder

Answer 2

persistent and intense atypical sexual arousal patterns that are accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment
Types of paraphilia:
Preferences for nonhuman objects
Preferences for situations causing suffering
Preference for non-consenting partners

Question 3

Common Characteristics

Answer 3

Disturbed backgrounds
Abuse
Interpersonal problems
Likely to have drug and alcohol problems
Experience more adverse life events such as relationship problems, housing issues and long-term unemployment

Question 4

Single factor theories of Sexual Offending

Answer 4

Cognitive distortions
Deficient victim empathy
Deviant sexual preference
Feminist theory
Intimacy deficits

Question 5

Child sex offender implicit theories

Answer 5

Children are sexual beings
Nature of harm
Uncontrollability
Entitlement
Dangerous world
Ward and Keenan 1999

Question 6

Implicit theories for rapists

Answer 6

Women are unknowable
Women are sex objects
Male sex drive is uncontrollable
Entitlement
Dangerous world
Polaschek and Ward 2002

Question 7

Finkelhor’s precondition model

Answer 7

Precondition 1: Motivation to Sexually Abuse
Precondition 2: Overcoming Internal Inhibitors
Precondition 3: Overcoming External Inhibitors
Precondition 4: Overcoming the Resistance

Question 8

Marshall and Barbaree’s 
integrated theory


Answer 8

Early neglect or abuse
Internalised model of dangerous world and others as untrustworthy
Lack of self-regulation skills and other skill deficits
Render adolescent stage difficult to master
Meet psychological needs through sexual activity

Question 9

Ward and Siegart’s pathways model

Answer 9

Interaction of psychological and physiological systems
4 clusters of clinical problems:
Intimacy and social skills deficits
Sexual scripts
Emotional dysregulation
Cognitive distortions
Combination of above

Question 10

CBT Programmes: 
Key Treatment Targets

Answer 10

Self Awareness
Understanding the link between thoughts, feelings and behaviour.
Pro-offending attitudes
Cognitive distortions, victim empathy, relapse prevention skills.
Social Competence
Social skills, problem solving, intimacy, emotional regulation