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EXAM 2 - PSYCH 526 > Sex Offender Risk Assessment > Flashcards

Sex Offender Risk Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of sex offenses committed by offenders are not identified as sex offenders?

A

95%

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2
Q

What is the base rate of reoffending over a 5-6 year period?

A

11.5% (most reoffending happens in the 5 year period)

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3
Q

In WI what is the trend of recidivism among sexual offenders?

A

It decreases over the course of the time due to the nature of legal intervention

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4
Q

Have the base rates of sexual offending been dropping? Why?

A

Yes – we don’t really know – public awareness?

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5
Q

What are factors we consider when looking at sexual offending risk assessment?

A

Static (historial and best predictors) and dynamic factors (changeable, research on these early stages, guide treatment approaches)

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6
Q

What are major risk predictors of sex offenders?

A
  • Deviant sexual preferences (arousal preferences)
  • Antisocial behaviors (we do not care)
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7
Q

What is the best assessment for risk predictors? What does this assessment do?

A

Actuarial assessment (empirically established risk factors and rules for combining risk) and provides probability estimates

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8
Q

What are the most common risk assessment for sex offenders?

A
  • STATIC-99
  • Used to be RRASOR
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9
Q

What items are used in RRASOR?

A
  • Prior sex offense charges
  • Male victims
  • Extrafamilial victims
  • Under age 25
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10
Q

What does the Static-99 instrument measure?

A
  • Theory of combining deviance and antisocial factors
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11
Q

What is an index offense?

A

The most recent set of offenses that resulted in the person being in jail

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12
Q

What happens when the base rate of offending changes in a population?

A

The probability estimates changes as well

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13
Q

What score on the static-99 is considered high risk?

A

Score of 8 (45%) comparable to old score of 6 (32%)

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14
Q

Why do we use actuarial assessment?

A

These are more accurate compared to clinical judgement –> clinical judgements inflated risk of sexual offending

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15
Q

Why are clinical judgements so inaccurate?

A
  • “yuck” factor (high risk)
  • “slick” factor (low risk, the person seems nice)
  • I am an expert
  • We have a hard time taking responsibility for inaccuracies (comfort with false positives, better if people are locked up)
  • Anxiety of false negatives
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16
Q

What assessment measures treatment change? What does it measure?

A

Violence Risk Scale which measures recidivism

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17
Q

What is the Chapter 980 statute?

A

More likely than not (51% or higher) that the person will engage in sexual acts in the future. This is not related to non-contact offenses. Professional certainty through actuarial assessments.

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18
Q

What is the deadly duo? How was this measured?

A

Sexual deviance and psychopathy leads to increased risk of sexual offending. This was measured through PPG.

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18
Q

What is the deadly duo? How was this measured?

A

Sexual deviance and psychopathy leads to increased risk of sexual offending. This was measured through PPG.

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19
Q

Does psychopathy predict sexual recidivism?

A

No

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20
Q

Does deviance predict sexual recidivism?

A

Yes

21
Q

Does deviance predict sexual recidivism?

A

Yes

22
Q

What does the deadly duo predict?

A

Violent/serious recidivism but not sexual recidivism

23
Q

Does psychopathy and deviance add to predictive validity of static-99?

A

No, it was predictive but these factors did not increase predictive ability

23
Q

Does psychopathy and deviance add to predictive validity of static-99?

A

No, it was predictive but these factors did not increase predictive ability

24
Q

Were PCL-R scores predictive of sexual recidivism?

A

No

25
Q

Were paraphilia diagnoses associated with risk of reoffending?

A

No

26
Q

Why are risk assessments complicated?

A

How do we control our bias toward “high risk” conclusions

27
Q

How do we diagnose non-consent paraphilia without PPG?

A
  • There was an option of consent, but they used force
  • Pattern of behavior
  • No capacity to distort to believe victim consenting
  • Stranger rapes
28
Q

What are the different types of sex offenders?

A

Heterogenous group
- Rapists
- Child sex offenders
- Sadistic
- Psychotic takers
- Child pornography only offenders (no history of contact offending)
- Juveniles
- Females

29
Q

What are methods of child sex offender typology?

A
  • Often use grooming
  • Often thinks not hurting child
30
Q

What are two types of child sex offenders?

A
  • Fixated or pedophile
  • Regressed or situational (not sexually aroused to prepubescent children)
31
Q

What are typical patterns of deception among child sex offenders?

A

“Not really lying”, deflection

32
Q

What are four types of victims sexual offenders prepetrate on and which ones are higher risk to the population?

A

Incest vs. Extrafamilial (crossing a boundary and more likely to be sexually deviant)
- Incest offenders are lower risk to the population
- Less likely to be pedophilic
- Lazy offenders (easier to do things inside the home than outside the home)
Stranger vs Known
- Stranger offenders are higher risk because it is hard to manage the risk and there is no pretense

33
Q

What are the three types of rapists?

A

Anger (do more damage, 25-40%), power (just want to control over someone, 60-70%), and sadistic rapists (2-5%)

34
Q

What are “hands off offenders”?

A

Voyeurism (the act of watching people have sex)
Exhibitionism
Child pornography viewing

35
Q

What type of “hands off offenders are at highest risk for reoffending

A

Exhibitionists: very compulsive cycle and anxious cycle

36
Q

What is the sexual compulsivity cycle?

A

Negative emotion –> sexual activity masturbation –> relief from negative emotion

37
Q

What are cross-over offenders and how are they identified?

A

These are people who have committed different types of sex crimes and polygraphs are used to see if they are being true about their sex crimes

38
Q

What are contact offenders more likely to have than internet offenders? What about internet offenders?

A
  • CO: High levels of cognitive distortions especially empathy distortions
  • IO: Higher identification with fictional characters, higher scores on fantasy scales, underassertiveness, and motor impulsivity (“I just started clicking”)
39
Q

What is the risk level of online-only offenders?

A

Relatively low risk of committing contact sexual offense in the future (even if they have past history of contact offending)

40
Q

What are the recidivism risk of child pornography?

A

Relatively low –> 4.6% committed new offense

41
Q

What tool is used for child pornography risk assessment?

A

The C-PORT Risk Tool

42
Q

What are the three types of female sex offenders?

A
  • Teacher-lover
  • Intergenerationallly predisposed (history of abuse who then abuses
  • Male-coerced (dependent, forced or coerced to abuse but initiated by male partner)
43
Q

Are there female sex offender risk tools?

A

No

44
Q

What tools are used to assess juvenile sex offenders?

A

J-SOAP and ERASOR

45
Q

How do we measure risk for females?

A

Base rate

46
Q

What is the rate of sexual recidivism for female offenders? When are they most likely to reoffend?

A

1.8%-3% and most likely during 5 years

47
Q

Are juveniles likely to reoffend? Why is this important?

A

No and important to communicate to courts bc juveniles are treated like adults

48
Q

What is the narcissistic reactance theory?

A
  • Sense of entitlement
  • ## Easily react to rejection with anger
49
Q

What are the two pathways to rape?

A

1) Hostile masculinity
2) Sexual promiscuity

50
Q

What are alternative facot factors

A

EXAM 2 - PSYCH 526 (8 decks)

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