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EXAM 2 - PSYCH 526 > Mental Illness & Crime & Special Issues with Juveniles > Flashcards

Mental Illness & Crime & Special Issues with Juveniles Flashcards

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1
Q

Was Jared Lougher (the Tuscon Shooter 2011) found NGI? Competent?

A
  • Shot congresswoman in a shopping mall
  • He left a note saying he is not NGI but there were still issues related to competency
  • He can’t trust the government because of mind control
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2
Q

Was James Holmes (Batman Shooter 2012) found NGI? Competent?

A
  • Called Batman Shooter because it was at the midnight opening of Batman and he shot people
  • He was in control of his actions and boobytrapped his apartment (he knew the wrongfulness of his behavior)
  • People made sure that he was not found NGI (social pressure)
  • He did not want the death penalty
  • Not a sane way he thought about murder
  • Agreed to prison sentence
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3
Q

What was found in the Andrea Yates trial?

A
  • She killed five of her children
  • First trial not found to meet NGI
  • However, there was a mistrial
  • There was a new trial and found to meet NGI
  • Review this from discussion notes
  • Still in psychiatric facility
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4
Q

How do we assess malingering?

A
  • How consistent are symptoms are with the psychotic process?
  • Voices outside of head and in both ears
  • People do not see writing or experience ringing when experiencing psychosis – this can be a test question
  • Distracted with hearing voices
  • Pay attention to collateral information
  • Delusions related to medical care to monitor certain areas of the body and will not accept this information/medical advice
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5
Q

How does the Son of Sam case relate to malingering?

A
  • Serial killer in NY
  • Unsuccessfully tried to malinger
  • He thought these golden retrievers were inserting thoughts into people’s heads
  • He admitted to faking it and is probably psychopathic
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6
Q

How do lie detectors work?

A
  • Use of control question test (base rate information)
  • Not reliable to be used in court settings
  • Skin conductance, heart rate (physiological arousal)
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7
Q

Do the differences in manipulation skill and physiological arousal make polygraph less accurate for high PCL-R? (Describe Patrick and Iacono study)

A
  • Prison sample
  • Informed subjects goal is can they “beat a lie detector test”
  • Other inmates would lose money and be informed if they failed (meaningful reaction)
  • Set up mock theft
  • High PCL-R no more likely to beat a polygraph than Low PCL-R
  • Correctly classified 87% of all subjects
  • Only 1 psychopath and 2 non-psychopaths who took money classified as truthful
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8
Q

What percentage of people were able to beat a polygraph if taught? And how?

A

47% (Bite tongue during control questions and press toes on the floor during control questions)

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9
Q

Explain what was concluded from the study with police officers and polygraphs?

A
  • Police officers are not better than college students at detecting lie
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10
Q

What was concluded from the MacArthur article Violence Risk Assessment Study Revisited article? What’s the debate?

A
  • 1988 researcher reported not more dangerous than general population
  • But these population samples were drawn from high-risk neighborhood
  • But in fact the violence was high - 27.4% had been violent
  • Violence by self-report or family, not always by the legal system
  • Issue that was missed initially – if substance abuse abuse and mental illness had comorbidity relationship there was a higher risk for violence in the community
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11
Q

What percentage of gun-related killings in the US between 2001 and 2010 were committed by people with serious mental illness?

A

4-5%

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12
Q

What percentage of violence is committed by someone with a serious mental illness?

A

4%

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13
Q

What percentage of mass shootings were done by someone who was mentally ill?

A

22%

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14
Q

How do we think about the base rate bias as it relates to mass shootings?

A
  • Low frequency but sensational events
  • Law develops due to this bias (state by state basis)
  • Tendency to view out groups in terms of labels and link behavior of one to the entire group
    -Failure to consider base rate in population
  • Failure to consider real dangerous
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15
Q

What happened in Nikolas Cruz case? How do we assess mental illness concerns?

A
  • 2018 (Killed 17 people at Parkland School)
  • Survived and legally obtained AR-15
  • Mental health concerns but debate over whether they were serious mental health concerns (depression? developing psychopathy?)
  • Given life without parole
  • People were calling the police about him and his mother died 6 months before he committed the shooting)
  • Takeaway: People with mental health concerns do, even major depression do not go shoot up a school
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16
Q

What is the link with mass shootings and mental illness?

A
  • Politicians claim that mental illness is the cause of mental illness in America even though research does not support this
  • Advocates for mental illness say that this is not the reason for this at all
  • However, they are both wrong: research shows there is a slight relationship between mental illness and violence but it is not the basis
17
Q

What increases risk for violence?

A

Threat control override symptoms

18
Q

What are threat control override symptoms?

A
  • Mind dominated by forces that are outside of that person’s control
  • Thoughts put into head that are not their own
  • Assume there are people who wish you to do harm
18
Q

What are threat control override symptoms?

A
  • Mind dominated by forces that are outside of that person’s control
  • Thoughts put into head that are not their own
  • Assume there are people who wish you to do harm
19
Q

What happens when we control for threat control override symptoms?

A

The relationship between violence and mental illness disappears

20
Q

What does Aaron Alexis’ case tell us about threat control override symptoms?

A
  • He killed 12 people in Washington Navy Yard in 2013 and was shot during that as well (no NGI)
  • He complained to police about hearing voices speaking to him through ceiling through a microwave machine
  • There was no intervention
21
Q

Are people with command hallucinations usually more violent?

A

Yes: 2x as likely even when controlling for substance use

22
Q

Are people with schizophrenia, psychosis, and other major mental health disorders the only people to experience command hallucinations?

A

No – it just depends on the nature of their condition. That is why we see how people with schizophrenia having low degrees of violence.

23
Q

Who is the most dangerous for base-rate violence?

A
  • 18-29 year olds = 7% violent
  • They make up 14% of the population
  • 5% of men report violent behavior in the past year
  • They make up 49% of the population
24
Q

At what age in the state of WI when can you end up in the juvenile justice system?

A

Age 10 (Fourth grade)

25
Q

What are the two key issues with prosecuting adolescents?

A

Developmental immaturity and competency to proceed –> the court system should moderate the severity of their punishment

26
Q

How did researchers, Steinberg and Scott who wrote “Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence” change the criminal justice system?

A

They brought their neural research to the Supreme Court and made the the execution of juveniles unconstitutional

27
Q

What area of the brain is underdeveloped in adolescence and what implications does this have?

A
  • Deficits in interpreting social cues
  • Negative emotions can dominate
  • Focus on immediate reward
  • Less focus on consequences
  • Frontal lobes not fully developed
  • Plasticity issue
28
Q

What does “Less Guilty By Reason of Adolescence” assert about developmental immaturity?

A

Even as cognitive capacities start to approach adult levels, juveniles often lack psychosocial maturity

29
Q

What are developmental differences that influence decision-making/judgement?

A
  • Susceptibility to peer influence
  • Attitudes toward and perceptions of risk
  • Future orientation
  • Capacity for self management
30
Q

What is the Dusky standard?

A

The defendant has the sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding, and whether he has a rational, as well as factual, understanding of the proceedings against him.

31
Q

How do we assess competency with young children?

A
  • Test abstract concepts (what does it mean for someone to not judge a book by its cover).
  • Legal rights are abstract –> some children don’t understand what it means to have the right to remain silent
  • Children at this age are not developmentally independent at this age and are easily influenced by authority figures in their life
  • Most children cannot abstract things related to the future –> what is the most immediate solution is the mindset that most children have?
32
Q

What case do we use to assess developmental immaturity?

A

Slenderman case

EXAM 2 - PSYCH 526 (8 decks)

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