Sex estimation

Question 1

Sexual dimorphism in humans

Answer 1

Females are around 92% of size of men, more pronounced in adults

Question 2

What is the best indicator of sex?

Answer 2

Pelvis, BUT lots of variation btwn sexes

Question 3

What does molecular tech do?

Answer 3

Sex estimation with high accuracy, but issues w/ access, preservation, cost

Question 4

Only sex can be reliably ______ estimated

Answer 4

Osteologically

Question 5

What can help us determine gender w/ medications, clothing, etc?

Answer 5

Scene context

Question 6

Sex estimation uses what methods?

Answer 6

Osteometric AND anthroposcopic

Question 7

Why is sex estimation the most accurate demographic info we can provide?
Pelvis: ______%
Other postcrania: _____%
Cranium: ______%

Answer 7

Pelvis: 90-95
OP: 80-90
Cranium: 80-90

Question 8

What parts of pelvis are used to anthroposcopically estimate sex?

Answer 8

• Subpubic angle
• Greater sciatic notch
• Preauricular sulcus
• Sacrum
• Pelvis inlet

Question 9

Diff between pelvis inlet btwn sexes?

Answer 9

Male: narrow, V-shaped/heart-shaped
Female: wide, circular, u-shaped

Question 10

Greater sciatic notch differences?

Answer 10

Male = narrow
Female = wide

Question 11

Preauricular sulcus differences?

Answer 11

Female = present
Male = absent

Question 12

Ventral arc differences?

Answer 12

Females have ridge on ventromedial aspect of pubis

Question 13

Subpubic concavity differences?

Answer 13

Female: concave
Male: straight or convex

Question 14

Medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus differences?

Answer 14

Females have sharper border

Question 15

Phenice method includes which three aspects? (95% accuracy)

Answer 15

Ventral arc, subpubic concaviy, medial aspect of ischiopubic ramus

Question 16

Differences in sex btwn nuchal crest?

Answer 16

Male = robust
Female = gracile

Question 17

Mastoid process sex differences?

Answer 17

Male = large
Female = small

Question 18

Parietal boss sex diffs?

Answer 18

Female = present
Male = absent

Question 19

Supraorbital margin sex diffs?

Answer 19

Female = sharp
Male = rounded

Question 20

Supraorbital tori/glabella sex diffs?

Answer 20

Male = defined
Female = gracile

Question 21

Calvaria shape diffs?

Answer 21

Male = sloped
Female = rounded

Question 22

Mental eminence diffs?

Answer 22

Male = defined
Female = rounded

Question 23

Gonial angle sex diffs?

Answer 23

Female = oblique
Male = right

Question 24

Gonial flare sex diffs?

Answer 24

Male = flared
Female = unflared

Question 25

Scoring system for anthroposcopic sex estimation?
1 = ?
5 = ?

Answer 25

1 = Female
5 = Male

Question 26

Humerus across vertical head diameter, what measurements are male and female

Answer 26

Less than 43 mm = female
43-45 = indeterminate
More than 46 mm = male

Question 27

Femur across vertical head diameter, which measurements male and female?

Answer 27

Less than 44 mm = female
45-46 =?
Greater than 47 mm = male

Question 28

Almost all bones can be used for sex est., including what?

Answer 28

Scapular length, glenoid fossa length, radial head diameter

Question 29

When do most diffs between females and males appear?

Answer 29

After puberty

Question 30

Accuracy for younger sex estimation

Answer 30

70%

Question 31

Most anthropologists _____ sex estimation

Answer 31

don’t report (UNLESS genetic testing)