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ANTH 176 > Age + Stature estimation > Flashcards

Age + Stature estimation Flashcards

1
Q

One standard error should be +/- ____%, two should be =/-_____%

A

68, 95

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2
Q

Stature estimation depends on ____,_____, _____.

A

Sex, subadult age, ancestry

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3
Q

Reference data applies to ____ and _____

A

Stature and sometimes adult age (RARELY subadult)

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4
Q

There is a difference between ________ age and __________ age

A

chronological and physiological

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5
Q

Age at death estimate of immature ppl is what number most accurate kind of demo. info

A

Second

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6
Q

Developmental processes are mostly ______

A

predictable

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7
Q

Examples of predictable developmental processes

A

Dental development, tooth eruption, bone growth, epiphyseal fusion

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8
Q

What are radiographs used for?

A

Unerupted teeth

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9
Q

What is the most accurate age estimate from birth to 10-12 yo

A

Dental formation

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10
Q

When does the first deciduous tooth erupt and which tooth?

A

6-9 months, usually lower central incisors

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11
Q

When does formation of all deciduous teeth begin?

A

By end of 6th fetal month

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12
Q

When is last deciduous tooth eruption?

A

By 2-3 yrs

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13
Q

Which teeth are last to erupt?

A

Second molars

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14
Q

When does deciduous dentition complete?

A

Around 3 yo

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15
Q

When does M1 erupt?

A

Around 6 yo

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16
Q

I1 and I2 erupt when

A

7-9 yo

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17
Q

C, P’s, and M2 erupt when?

A

10-12 yo

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18
Q

When does M3 erupt?

A

MAYBE 18-25

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19
Q

What tooth is most useful for ID?

A

M3 if they have one

20
Q

What Age @ Death is epiphyseal fusion useful for?

A

10-25

21
Q

What kind of bones does intramembranoous ossification occur on?

A

Flat bones, most of skull and lateral 1/2 of clavicle

22
Q

Define intramembranous ossification

A

Membrane that fills w/ bone from center out

23
Q

What kinds of bones does endochondral ossification occur on?

A

Long and short bones, some skull

24
Q

Define endochondral ossification

A

Cartilage model replaced by bone from center out

25
Q

What do the diaphyses and epiphyses do during endochondral ossification?

A

Form separately, fuse around puberty or later

26
Q

Define diaphysis

A

Primary center of ossification

27
Q

Epiphysis definition

A

Secondary center of ossification

28
Q

Define epiphyseal/growth plate

A

Point of fusion and site of new growth

29
Q

Define longitudinal bone growth

A

Continuous remodeling of epiphyseal plate

30
Q

When does longitudinal bone growth end? Ages for sexes?

A

When chondrocytes at end of the growth plate are replaced by bone. Female : 18, Male : 21

31
Q

Appositional bone growth

A

Remodeling (repair), an increase in thickness added to periosteum and subchondral areas

32
Q

Epiphyses _______ fuse at similar times

A

around each joint

33
Q

What is fusion ranked from?

A

Non-union to complete

34
Q

When is epiphyseal fusion activity greatest?

A

15-23

35
Q

Which bones are last to fuse, at which age?

A

Medial clavicle and sacrum, around 21-22 (lots of variation)

36
Q

What can be used until epiphyses begin to fuse, at what age?

A

Diaphyseal length, epiphyses begin fusion at around 10 yo

37
Q

What is best for fetal age estimate?

A

Diaphyseal length

38
Q

After what point are there not many good indicators for age estimation in adults?

A

Once M3 reaches full occlusion
Once medial clavicular epiphyses fuse

39
Q

THere are ____ diffs in epiphyseal fusion

A

Sex

40
Q

What can you still use to estimate adult age? (5)

A

Pubic symphysis
Auricular surface
Dental wear
Sternal rib ends
Cranial suture closure

41
Q

What method is best for adults?

A

Public symphysis

42
Q

What is cranial suture rated on a scale of?

A

0 = open, 3 = obliterated (totally closed)

43
Q

How is dental wear used for age est.?

A

Exposure of dentine, most accurate for prehistoric/paleo populations or older people

44
Q

What bones are used for osteometrically estimating stature?

A

Formulas using long bones. Femus, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna(or combo)

45
Q

Which half of limb is better for stature estimation

A

Lower

46
Q

What adjustments are applied to stature estimation

A

Age, bone shrinkage, reported vs measured

ANTH 176 (5 decks)

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