Sex endocrinopathies

Question 1

Most common causes of hyperestrinism in the dog?

Answer 1

cystic ovaries
granulosa cell tumors (ovaries)
sertoli cell tumors (testicles)
estrogen treatment (eating owners estrogen lotion)

Question 2

hyperestrinism clinical signs?

Answer 2

vulvar edema +/- discharge
alopecia of caudal trunk and perineum
epidermal hyperpigmentation
nipple enlargement
attractive to other dogs

Question 3

hyperestrinism treatment?

Answer 3

OHE or stop estrogen drugs

Question 4

estrogen myelotoxicosis

Answer 4

exogenous estrogen

major life threatening complication that causes anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

Question 5

pale petechia v. bright red petechia?

Answer 5

pale - anemic and low PLT

bright red- normal PCV with low PLT

Question 6

prognosis and treatment of myelotoxicosis (pancytopenia)?

Answer 6

bone marrow biopsy for prognosis
if no precursor cells - grave
hypoplastic is a lot better than aplastic
treatment - blood products, neupogen (increase WBCs) and epogen (increase RBCs)
remove estrogen source

Question 7

3 cell types of testicular tumors?

Answer 7

Sertoli (nourish developing sperm) - metastasis and feminization
Seminoma (gamete production) - metastasis and feminization
Interstitial (leydig) (create testosterone) - mets and fem rare (most benign)

Question 8

sertoli cell tumor (SCT) incidence?

Answer 8

3-20 years old

8-9 is avg

Question 9

SCT site of involvement

Answer 9

usually unilateral (right cryptorchid most common!) 
30-40% extrascrotal (inguinal or abdominal)

Question 10

SCT clinical signs

Answer 10

testicular enlargement

feminization most common with abdominal > inguinal&raquo_space; scrotal

Question 11

feminization clinical signs?

Answer 11

atrophy of other testicle
alopecia
gynecomastia
pendulous prepuce
prostatic changes- metaplasia, infection 
tend to attract other male dogs
decreased libido 
lethargy

Question 12

common SCT?

Answer 12

carcinoma, treat aggressively

Question 13

Pyometra in dog v. cat

Answer 13

cat takes longer to show clinical signs

Question 14

Causes of uteromegaly?

Answer 14

pregnancy
cystic endometrial hyperplasia (hyperestrinism)
pyometra
hydrometra
mucometra
tumors
torsion

Question 15

Pyometra etiology?

Answer 15

hormone influence.

hyperplasi and secretion of endometrial glands because progesterone

Question 16

Pyometra - predisposing drugs?

Answer 16

megestrol acetate

progesterone

Question 17

Pyometra clinical signs?

Answer 17

4-12 weeks post estrus 
PD/PU
vaginal discharge (50%)
anorexia
depression
abdominal distention

Question 18

If Pyometra case comes in very sick, what are you worried about?

Answer 18

AKI and renal shutdown

Question 19

Systemic effects of Pyometra?

Answer 19

anemia 
cario arrhythmias 
impaired renal fx
sepsis (E. coli)
toxemia

Question 20

E. coli endotoxins block ADH where?

Answer 20

At receptor site of collecting duct

Question 21

Pyometra dx?

Answer 21

history and clinical findings
hematology with leukocytosis
abdominal rads/US

Question 22

Pyometra rx?

Answer 22

IV fluids
Antibiotics for gram - bacteria
OHE (check urine output post op)
med alternative? PGF2a; will get pyo again eventually

Question 23

Always rule out pyo in ANY sick ________ dog and cat.

Answer 23

intact female

Question 24

NEVER LET THE SUN SET ON _______.

Answer 24

A SICK PYO