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Genetics > Sex Determination and Sex Linkage > Flashcards

Sex Determination and Sex Linkage Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does sex refer to?

A

sexual phenotype

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2
Q

What is monoecious?

A

refers to the production of both male and female gametes in the same individual

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3
Q

What is dioecious?

A

refers to the production of either male or female gametes in the same individual

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4
Q

XX-XO system

A

XX-female

XO-male

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5
Q

XX-XY system

A

XX-female

XY-male

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6
Q

ZZ-ZW system

A

ZZ-male

ZW-female

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7
Q

Haplodiploidy systme

A

haploid set-male

diploid set-female

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8
Q

What is the genetic sex-determining system?

A

no sex chromosomes, only the sex-determining genes

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9
Q

What is the environment sex determination system?

A

environment factors

ex: limpet’s position in the stack, temperature in turtles

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10
Q

In hplodiploidy, what do males and females develop from?

A

males - unfertilized eggs

females - fertilized eggs

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11
Q

Sex determination in drosophila is based on what?

A

the genetic balance of the X chromosome; X chromosomes contain genes with female-producing effects while autosomes contain genes with male-producing effects

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12
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XO AA

A

male

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13
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XXY AA

A

female

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14
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XXX AA

A

metafemale

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15
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XXXY AA

A

metafemale

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16
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XX AAA

A

intersex

17
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XO AAA

A

metamale

18
Q

What would be the sexual phenotype of XXXX AAA

A

metafemale

19
Q

What gene on the Y chromosome causes neutral gonads to develop into testes?

A

sry

20
Q

What happens in androgen-insensitivity syndrome?

A

testes produce testosterone which causes embryonic tissues to develop into male characteristics, androgen receptor is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome; XY females lack the androgen receptor

21
Q

What causes Turner Syndrome and what are some of the characteristics?

A

XO chromosome pairing; female with underdeveloped sex characteristics, low hairline, broad chest

22
Q

What causes Klinefelter Syndrome and what are some of the characteristics?

A

XXY, XXXY, XXYY chromosome pairings; male usually with small testes, reduced facial and pubic hair, taller than normal

23
Q

Mary Lyon proposed that the Barr body = ?

A

inactive X chromosome

24
Q

When does X inactivation take place in humans?

A

during the first few weeks of development

25
Q

X inactivation is brought about by the action of what?

A

X inactivation specific transcript located on X chromosome

26
Q

Coating the X chromosome with Xist RNA causes what?

A

removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins, methylation of histones

Genetics (15 decks)

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