Sex and Hormones

Question 1

In adulthood, sex hormones exert ____ effects to temporarily modify behavior

Answer 1

activating

Question 2

Behavior can also influence ___ ___

Answer 2

hormone secretion

Question 3

Hormones do not ___ behavior but rather ___ the activity in various brain areas to change the way the brain responds to certain stimuli

Answer 3

cause; alter

Question 4

Hormones also change ___ in the penis, vagina and cervix.

Answer 4

sensitivity

Question 5

Sex hormones facilitate ___ behavior

Answer 5

sexual

Question 6

___ also depends on previous sexual experience

Answer 6

Arousal

Question 7

Sex hormones activate sexual behavior by enhancing ___

Answer 7

sensations

Question 8

Estrogens increase the sensitivity of the ___ ___, which transmits tactile stimulation from the pubic area to the brain

Answer 8

pudendal nerve

Question 9

Sex hormones also increase responses of certain areas of the hypothalamus:

• ______
• ______
• ______

Answer 9

• The ventromedical nucleus
• the medial preoptic area (MPOA)
• the anterior hypothalamus

Question 10

Stimulation of an area known as the ___ ___ ___ found in the anterior hypothalamus is ___ in males and increases sexual behavior in males of many species

Answer 10

sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN); larger

Question 11

Testosterone and estradiol trigger the release of ___ by the MPOA and other areas

Answer 11

dopamine

Question 12

Dopamine stimulation of __ and __ receptors is associated with sexual arousal

Answer 12

D1; D5

- Facilitates erection of the penis and sexually receptive postures in females

Question 13

Higher concentrations of dopamine stimulate ___ receptors and lead to orgasm

Answer 13

D2

Question 14

___ activity decreases sexual activity by blocking dopamine release

Answer 14

Serotonin

Question 15

Humans are ___ ___ on current sex hormones than other species but changes can increase or decrease sexual arousal

Answer 15

less dependent

Question 16

For males, levels of testosterone ___ ___ with sexual arousal and the drive to seek out partners

Answer 16

correlate positively

Question 17

Decreases in testosterone levels generally ___ male sexual activity and interest

Answer 17

decrease

- Example: castration

Question 18

___ is the inability to maintain an erection

Answer 18

Impotence

- Usually caused by impaired blood circulation, not low testosterone

Question 19

Most sex offenders have ___ testosterone levels

Answer 19

normal

Question 20

___ levels do not completely explain the behaviors

Answer 20

Hormone

Question 21

Testosterone reduction has been tried as a means of ___ ___ ___ as it reduces sexual activities

Answer 21

controlling sex offenders

- Results favorable for those who continue taking medication, but dropout rate is high

Question 22

In women, the ___ and ___ interact with the ovaries to produce the menstrual cycle

Answer 22

hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 23

The ___ ___ is the periodic variation in hormones and fertility over the course of about 28 days

Answer 23

menstrual cycle

Question 24

After the end of a menstrual period:
○ The anterior pituitary releases ___-___ ___
○ FSH promotes the growth of a ___ in the ovary
○ The follicle nurtures the ___ and produces ___

Answer 24

• follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH)
• follicle
• ovum; estrogen

Question 25

Towards the middle of the menstrual cycle, the follicle builds up ___ to FSH

Answer 25

receptors

Question 26

As a result, the follicle produces increasing amounts of ___, a type of estrogen.

Answer 26

estradiol

Question 27

Increased estradiol causes the anterior pituitary to increase release of FSH and ___ ___

Answer 27

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 28

FSH an LH cause the follicle to release an ___

Answer 28

ovum

Question 29

The remnants of the follicle release the hormone ___
○ Prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum
○ Inhibits the further release of LH

Answer 29

progesterone

Question 30

For cognitive psychophysiologists the key to enlightenment is ___

Answer 30

electrical

Question 31

More precisely, we attempt to study the electrical fields and currents in the brain and correlate this ___ ___ with your sensations and perceptions - (Cognitive Processing)

Answer 31

cortical activity

- As psychologists we attempt to quantify behavior. For us it is the behavior of your neurons.

Question 32

Millions of ___ working together DOING information processing.

Answer 32

neurons

Question 33

“The ___ IS what the ___ DOES…” (Steven Pinker)

Answer 33

MIND, BRAIN

Question 34

HINT HINT NUDGE NUDGE 2 Dependent Variables
○ ___ ___: the amount neuronal resources allocated to the task give you peak amplitude.
○ ___ (time): how long did the amplitude take to peak

Answer 34

• Peak Amplitude

- Latency

Question 35

We measure this information processing with EEGs, EPs, ERPs
○ EEGs
§ Speed of information processing: ___, cycles per second (Hz)
○ EEGs
§ Amount of information processing: amplitude, spectral power ___
○ EPs and ERPs
§ Speed of information processing, (latency)
○ EPs and ERPs
§ Amount of information processing (amplitude), __-___ ___

Answer 35

• frequency
• FFTs
• pre-stimulus baseline