Sex And Gender Flashcards
Sex identity
A biological term. A child’s sex can be identified by their hormones and chromosomes. This determines whether the child’s sex identity is male or female.
Gender identity
A psychological term. A child’s gender can be identified by their attitudes and behaviour. This determines whether the child’s gender identity is masculine or feminine.
Freud’s first stage
Oral. Occurs in the first 18 months of life. Smoking and chewing gum addiction said to be caused by weaning a child off breast milk too early or too late.
Freud’s second stage
Anal. Ages 1 1/2 - 3. Too messy or too tidy later in life said to be caused by being too strict while toilet training the child.
Freud’s third stage
Phallic. Ages 3 - 6. Obsession and fixation of masturbation, sex and pornography said to be caused by the Oedipus and Electra complex.
Freud’s fourth stage
Latency. Ages 6 - puberty. Develops social and intellectual skills that repress all interest in sexuality.
Freud’s fifth stage
Genital. Puberty +. Sexual reawakening, source coming from outside the family.
Identification
To adopt the attitudes and behaviour of the same-sex parent.
Oedipus complex
The conflict experienced by a bit in the phallic stage because he unconsciously desires his mother and is afraid of his father.
Electra complex
The conflict experienced by a girl because she unconsciously desires her father and is afraid of losing her mother’s love.
Gender disturbance
Not developing the gender identity usually associated with one’s sex.
Modelling
A role model provides an example for the child.
Imitation
Copying the behaviour of a model
Vicarious reinforcement
Learning from the model’s being either rewarded or punished.
Gender stereotypes
Believing that all makes are similar and all females are similar.
