Sex and gender

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

Biological differences between men and women

Question 2

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 2

Genitalia used in reproduction

Question 3

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 3

Every other physical trait identifying someone as male or female

Question 4

Gender

Answer 4

Socially constructed differences between men and women

Question 5

Gender roles

Answer 5

Socially defined appropriate behavior for men and women

Question 6

Berdache

Answer 6

3rd gender in NA cultuer- men who live as women, occupy female gender roles

Question 7

Gender identity

Answer 7

Perception of self as male or female

Question 8

When does socialization for gender identity occur?

Answer 8

18 months-3 years

Question 9

What plays the most important role as socialization for gender identity?

Answer 9

Toys/games

Question 10

Mothers tend to give _______ feedback for gender specific behavior

Answer 10

Positive

Question 11

Fathers provide ___ reinforcement for girls, but ___ sanctions for boys breaking gender roles

Answer 11

+, -

Question 12

Men’s sports were historically treated as an

Answer 12

Outlet for violence

Question 13

Shows are

Answer 13

Sex typed

Question 14

In media, men are portrayed as

Answer 14

Aggressive, constructive, direct, rewarded tor action

Question 15

In media, women are portrayed as

Answer 15

Deferential, manipulative, helpless, seductive

Question 16

In media, women are represented in ___________ more than in real life

Answer 16

high paying jobs

Question 17

In ads, women are shown to be

Answer 17

Sexualized or homemakers as “ideal”

Question 18

Patriarchy

Answer 18

Society where men mainly have control

Question 19

Women couldn’t own property until

Answer 19

1900

Question 20

Women couldn’t vote until

Answer 20

1920

Question 21

Women couldn’t have a separate bank account from their husbands until

Answer 21

1976

Question 22

Women live ___ years longer than men

Answer 22

5

Question 23

Work is

Answer 23

Gender segregated

Question 24

2/3rds of men and women work in occupations that are ______ dominated by their sex

Answer 24

> 75% dominated by their sex

Question 25

Historically, women have worked as

Answer 25

Teachers, social work, librarians, nurses

Question 26

Typical men's jobs

Answer 26

Engineering, lawyers (Both very high paying)

Question 27

Work si segregated within occupations. ____ of doctors 65+ are men, ___ of doctors under 35 are women

Answer 27

80%, 60%

Question 28

Men and women specialize in different specialties in medicine- women are overconcentrated in _____________. Men tend to specialize in ___________

Answer 28

Family medicine, pediatrics, OBGYN. Lucrative fields, EG cardiology, orthopedics, radiology

Question 29

Men started becoming nurses when wages rose- what is this an ex of?

Answer 29

Invasion

Question 30

Women make ____ for every $ men make

Answer 30

79 cents

Question 31

Within the same job, pay gaps for men and women are ______

Answer 31

Slim to none

Question 32

Are men or women more educated now?

Answer 32

Women

Question 33

What is the main reason for the pay gap?

Answer 33

Men tend to choose higher paying jobs

Question 34

What are a few non main reasons for the pay gap?

Answer 34

Employers may be reluctant to hire women because they're worried she'll get pregnant and leave (Both dsexes quit jobs at = rates, but for different reasons)

Question 35

Network effect

Answer 35

>1/2 of all jobs are recruited through networks

Question 36

Men and women usually have ______ networks. What does this look like in practice?

Answer 36

Segregated- women tend to hire women in female dominated jobs

Question 37

Women are concentrated in jobs that are recrtuited ______, eg _____

Answer 37

formally, gvmt jobs

Question 38

Conflict theory for the pay gap

Answer 38

Gender roles hold women down, evidenced by pay gap. Controlled by men, women are focused on family and children instead of a career

Question 39

Functionalist perspectice on the pay gap

Answer 39

Traditional gender roles are bestg for society because members are continually replaced- hosuehold division of labor is effective for meeting society's needs, but salaries haven't kept up with cost of living. Plus, women tend to have 2 jobs (career and homemaking)