Sex and behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the comparison of sperm and egg production in relation to?

A

Comparison of sperm and egg production is in relation to the number and energy store.

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2
Q

What sex has greater investment?

A

There is greater investment by females.

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3
Q

What increases the probability of production and survival of young?

A

Parental investment is costly but increases the probability of production and survival of young.

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4
Q

What is the classification of r-selected and K- selected organisms based on?

A

Classification of r-selected and K-selected organisms based on level of parental investment in offspring and number of offspring produced.

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5
Q

Where does r-selection occur?

A

R-selection tends to occur in unstable enviornments where the species has not reached its reproductive capacity.

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6
Q

Where does K-selection occur?

A

K-selection occurs in stable enviornments.

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7
Q

What is a benefit of external fertilisation?

A

Very large numbers of offspring can be produced.

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8
Q

What are the costs of external fertilisation?

A

Many gametes are predated or not fertilised, there is no or limited parental care given to offspring and few offspring survive.

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9
Q

What are the benefits of internal fertilisation?

A

There is an increased chance of successful fertilisation, fewer eggs are needed, offspring can be retained internally for protection and/or development and the is a higher offspring survival rate.

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10
Q

What are the costs of internal fertilisation?

A

A mate must be located which requires energy expenditure and it requires direct transfer of gametes from one partner to another.

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11
Q

How are mating systems based?

A

Mating systems are based on how many mates an individual has during one breeding season.

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12
Q

What are the different types of mating systems?

A

Polygamy and monogamy.

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13
Q

What do many animals have when mating?

A

Many animals have mate-selection courtship rituals.

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14
Q

What is successful courtship behaviour in birds and fish a result of?

A

Successful courtship behaviour in birds and fish can be a result of species-specific sign stimuli and fixed pattern responses.

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15
Q

What does sexual selection select for?

A

Sexual selection selects for characteristics that have little survival benefit for the individual, but increase their chances of mating.

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16
Q

What do many species exhibit sexual dimorphism as?

A

Many species exhibit sexual dimorphism as a product of sexual selection.

17
Q

What can occur in some species?

A

Reversed sexual dimorphism occurs in some species.

18
Q

What does female choice involve?

A

Female choice involves females assessing honest signals of the fitness of males.

19
Q

What happens in lekking species?

A

In lekking species, males gather to display at a lek, where female choice occurs.

20
Q

What does success in male-male rivalry lead to?

A

Success in male-male rivalry through conflict increases access to females for mating.