Sex And Basics On Obstetrics Flashcards
Spermatogenesis oogenesis impalntation placenta
1
Q
Mc method of sex deteRM ination
A
Physical exam
2
Q
Testis and ovary develop from
A
Genital ridge
3
Q
In fetus germ cells
A
Bipotential
Derived from epiblast/ectoderm of yolk sac
4
Q
How is chromosome expressed
A
46(xx) /46+xx
5
Q
Spermatogonia to primary speematocyte
A
Mitosis 46xy-46xy
6
Q
One spermatogonia gives
A
16 primary spermatocyte
7
Q
One spermatogonia give rise to
A
64 spermatids / 64 sperms
8
Q
Spermiogenesis time
A
14 days
9
Q
In spermiogenesis
A
No mitosis / meiosis
10
Q
Sperm remain fertilisable for
A
2 days
11
Q
Size of sperm
A
55 micron
12
Q
What do sperm lack
A
Rer
13
Q
Where does capacitation begin
A
Cervix
14
Q
Capacitation major part takes part in
A
Fallopian tube
15
Q
Time for capacitation
A
7hrs
16
Q
What does capacitation mean
A
Sperm becomes hypermotile
17
Q
Site at which sperms attain motility
A
Caudal end of epididymis
18
Q
What is the first stimulus for letting cells to produce testosterone
A
Hcg
19
Q
3hormones helping in spermatogenesis
A
FSH
Lh
Testosterone ( major)
20
Q
Inhibin released from Sertoli cells cause feedback inhibition of
A
FSH
21
Q
Testosterone released from leydig cells cause feedback inhibition of
A
Lh which in turns cause feedback inhibition of gnrh/gnsh
22
Q
When does meiosis 1 arrest in oogenesis
A
Diplotene stage of prophase
23
Q
Arrested stage is called as
A
Dictyate stage
24
Q
What is primordial follicles
A
Primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells of ovary
25
When does meiosis 1 in females get complete
At ovulation
26
What is the stimulus for ovulation and in turn completion of meiosis 1
Release of lh ( LH surge 32-36 best answer or 24-36hrs)
27
Meiosis 2 is arrested at
Metaphase
28
Ist polar body is released at
Ovulation
29
2nd polar body is released at
Fertilisation
30
Size of ova
120 microns
31
Largest cell in the body
Ova
32
Size of resting follicle
0.02mm
33
Size of follicle just before ovulation
18-20mm
34
Max no of follicles
5 th month of iul
35
How many follicles are there in the 5th month of iul
6-7million
36
At the time of birth how many follicles remain
1-2 million
37
At the time of puberty how many follicles remain
4-5 lakh
38
How many follicles mature in life
500
39
How many follicles undergo atresia / month
1000
40
At what time does germ cells reach the yolk sac
3 weeks
41
At. What time does the germ cells reach the genital ridge from the yolk sac
6weeks of iul
42
At what time does the oogonia formed
9 weeks of iul
43
At what time does the primary oocyte formed
12 weeks
44
Follicle formation begins at
14 weeks
45
Follicle formation is complete by
20-24weeks of iul
46
Sperm motility is with the help of
Calcium ion
| Casper gene
47
Zona pellucida layer
Prevents polyspermy
48
What are the receptors present in zona pellucida
Zp1 zp2 xp3 ( major )
49
What is acrosomal reaction
Attachment of sperm to zona pellucida
50
Meiosis 1 in female
Is hormone dependent
51
Meiosis 1 in female give rise to
Secondary oocyte and 1st polar body
52
Meiosis 2 gives
Ovum and 2nd polar body
53
16 celled zygote
Morula
54
Nutrition to early zygote
Secretory cells of fallopian tube in the form of pyruvate
55
Is morula covered by zona pellucida
Yes
56
Types of cell in fallopian tube
3 secretory cells
Columnar cells
Peg cells
57
Movement of morula is with the help of
Peristalsis (major)
| Ciliary movement
58
At what day does the morula enter the uterine cavity after fertilisation
4 days after
59
What is the day of fertilsation
Day of ovulation so calculate from this day onwards
60
How long will ova be available for fertisation
12-24 hrs
61
At what day is the zona pellucida lost after fertilisation
5th day
62
What is the loss of zona pellucida reaction known as
Zona hatching
63
How does morula become blastocyst
By entry of water
64
What is implantation
Attachment of blastocyst deep into endometrium
65
When the blastocyst is inserted deep into endometrium .is it normal
Interstitial implantation .
| Yes
66
Time of implantation
6-7days after fertilisation
67
When is implantation process complete
10 days after fertilisation
68
At the time of implantation thickness of endometrium
8mm
69
Most common site of implantation
Upper part of post wall of uterus and not fundus
70
Does the blastocyst have zona pellucida covering
No before blastocyst forms the morula undergoes zona hatching
71
Types of implantation
```
Superficial
Deep ( interstitial ) most common
```
72
Is implantation eccentric in location
Yes and reason for the sign piskakeks in early part of pregnancy
73
What is piskakeks sign
Unequal growth of uterus which is normal
74
Phase of implantation and molecule
Apposition
Adhesion
Invasion
Selectins
Integrin
Matrix metalloproteinase
75
Because of implantation the endometrium now is called as
Decidua
76
Separation of blastocyst from uterine cavity
D capsularis
77
Separation of blastocyst from myometrium
D basalis
78
Decidua capsularis and basalis formation is known as
Decidual reaction
79
Decidua basalis is the site where future
Placenta will be formed
| And it forms the maternal side of placenta
80
The rest of the covering is via
Decidua parietalis
81
What is decidua vera
Fusion of d capsularis and parietalis
82
At what time does decidua vera formation occurs
At 14 - 16 weeks of iul and uterine cavity is integrated at this time
83
Trophoblast is formed
8days after fertilisation
84
Types of trophoblast
Cyto and synctitio
85
Synctitiotrophoblast is
Hormone factory
86
Does cytotrophobast prevent pih
| What is this called as
```
Yes
Trophoblastic invasion ( cytotrophobast covering maternal vessels in intervillous space )
```
87
Chorion frondosum is
near decidua basalis cytotrophobast form villi like structure
It forms fetal side of placenta
88
Chorion leava
Cytrophoblast forms smooth layer apart from decidua basalis
| Forms chorion
89
Fetal side and maternal of placenta forms how much of total placenta respectively
4/5 and 1/5
90
Fetal side and maternal side of placenta is formed respectively from
Chorion frondosum
| D basalis
91
Appearance of fractal side of placenta
Shiny
grey
membranes+
Cord+
92
Appearance of maternal side of placenta
```
Dark red
Polygonal areas ( lobes)
Divided into lobules / cotyledons
```
93
Functional unit of placenta
Cotyledons
94
Which is outside cyto/synctitio
Synctitio
95
How do you classify placenta
| Does intervillous space communicate towards the maternal side of the placenta
Primary villi
Secondary villi
Tertiary villi
Yes
96
Time of formation of primary villI
| What it is made up of
Day 13
| Synctitio and cyto
97
When villi has extraembryonic mesoderm called as
| Time of formation
2sec villi
| 16day
98
Fetal capillaries open
| Time
Tertiary villi
| 21 day
99
Where does maternal spiral a open
| Where does fetal blood open
Intervillous space
| Villi
100
Placental membrane /plac barrier out to in
Synctitio
Cyto
Eem
Fetal capillary endothelium
101
Tof of fetoplacental circulation
17-21
102
Feto plac circul completed by
21 day
103
Volum in intervillous space
| Vol in villi
150ml
| 350ml
104
At term placental volume
500ml
105
```
Uteroplacental circulation
Ivs/villi
Spiral arterioles no
O2 sat
Up blood flow at term
Uterine blood flow at term
Established after
```
```
Ivs
120
65-75
450-650ml/min
750ml/min
Day 12
```
106
```
Fetoplacental circulation
Day
Established by
FP blood flow at term
Fetal blood flow
O2
```
```
Bw 17-21
21
400ml/min
125ml/kg
8ml/kg/min
```
107
O2sat in
UA
UV
50-60
| 70-80
108
```
REMANANT
Uv
Ua
URACHUS
Lateral umbilical artery
```
Lt
Mul (Medial AMUL
Median
Inf EPI artery
109
Placenta at term
| Described as
Discoid
Deciduate ( shed off after delivery)
Hemochorial (lies in contact with maternal blood)
110
Weight of placenta at term
500gm
111
Ratio of placenta with fetus approx 3kg
| When both are equal
1:6
| 17weeks
112
Does placenta has hoffbauer cells as macrophage
Yes
113
Peg cell
Hoffbauer cell
Langhan cell
Ft
Placenta
Cytotrophobast
114
Fetal membranes
Amnion
Chorion
Yolk sac
Allantois
115
Amnion derived from
Is amnion innermost
What does it do
Time of formation
Ectoderm
Yes
Max tensile strength
D10
116
Chorion formed from
| Tof
Cytotrophobast
| By D8
117
Mass wise
Fetal
Maternal
4/5
| 1/5
118
Does area wise fetal and maternal side occupy same
Yes
119
Is chorion formed before amnion
Yes
120
Where is cord normally present
| When it is present in the side
Centre
| Lat insertion of cord / battlefield placenta
121
Small part detached from main placenta but connected with blood vessels
Sucenturiate
122
Equal part of placenta is connected by blood vessels
Pl bilobata
123
Small part detached and not connected by blood vessels
Pl spuria
124
Which causes PPH among placental anomalies
Pl succ
Pl bilobata
Pl spuria
125
Fetal side aka
| Maternal side aka
Chorionic plate
| Basal plate
126
If maternal side placenta covers the smaller fetal side but smooth
Circummarginte
127
If maternal side covers the fetal side but valved
Circumvallate
128
Extrachorial placenta
Circummarginte
| Circumvallate
129
Sry gene is known as
Testis determining region
