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Obg > Sex And Basics On Obstetrics > Flashcards

Sex And Basics On Obstetrics Flashcards

Spermatogenesis oogenesis impalntation placenta

1
Q

Mc method of sex deteRM ination

A

Physical exam

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2
Q

Testis and ovary develop from

A

Genital ridge

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3
Q

In fetus germ cells

A

Bipotential

Derived from epiblast/ectoderm of yolk sac

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4
Q

How is chromosome expressed

A

46(xx) /46+xx

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5
Q

Spermatogonia to primary speematocyte

A

Mitosis 46xy-46xy

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6
Q

One spermatogonia gives

A

16 primary spermatocyte

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7
Q

One spermatogonia give rise to

A

64 spermatids / 64 sperms

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8
Q

Spermiogenesis time

A

14 days

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9
Q

In spermiogenesis

A

No mitosis / meiosis

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10
Q

Sperm remain fertilisable for

A

2 days

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11
Q

Size of sperm

A

55 micron

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12
Q

What do sperm lack

A

Rer

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13
Q

Where does capacitation begin

A

Cervix

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14
Q

Capacitation major part takes part in

A

Fallopian tube

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15
Q

Time for capacitation

A

7hrs

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16
Q

What does capacitation mean

A

Sperm becomes hypermotile

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17
Q

Site at which sperms attain motility

A

Caudal end of epididymis

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18
Q

What is the first stimulus for letting cells to produce testosterone

A

Hcg

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19
Q

3hormones helping in spermatogenesis

A

FSH
Lh
Testosterone ( major)

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20
Q

Inhibin released from Sertoli cells cause feedback inhibition of

A

FSH

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21
Q

Testosterone released from leydig cells cause feedback inhibition of

A

Lh which in turns cause feedback inhibition of gnrh/gnsh

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22
Q

When does meiosis 1 arrest in oogenesis

A

Diplotene stage of prophase

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23
Q

Arrested stage is called as

A

Dictyate stage

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24
Q

What is primordial follicles

A

Primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells of ovary

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25
Q

When does meiosis 1 in females get complete

A

At ovulation

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26
Q

What is the stimulus for ovulation and in turn completion of meiosis 1

A

Release of lh ( LH surge 32-36 best answer or 24-36hrs)

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27
Q

Meiosis 2 is arrested at

A

Metaphase

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28
Q

Ist polar body is released at

A

Ovulation

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29
Q

2nd polar body is released at

A

Fertilisation

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30
Q

Size of ova

A

120 microns

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31
Q

Largest cell in the body

A

Ova

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32
Q

Size of resting follicle

A

0.02mm

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33
Q

Size of follicle just before ovulation

A

18-20mm

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34
Q

Max no of follicles

A

5 th month of iul

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35
Q

How many follicles are there in the 5th month of iul

A

6-7million

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36
Q

At the time of birth how many follicles remain

A

1-2 million

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37
Q

At the time of puberty how many follicles remain

A

4-5 lakh

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38
Q

How many follicles mature in life

A

500

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39
Q

How many follicles undergo atresia / month

A

1000

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40
Q

At what time does germ cells reach the yolk sac

A

3 weeks

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41
Q

At. What time does the germ cells reach the genital ridge from the yolk sac

A

6weeks of iul

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42
Q

At what time does the oogonia formed

A

9 weeks of iul

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43
Q

At what time does the primary oocyte formed

A

12 weeks

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44
Q

Follicle formation begins at

A

14 weeks

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45
Q

Follicle formation is complete by

A

20-24weeks of iul

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46
Q

Sperm motility is with the help of

A

Calcium ion

Casper gene

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47
Q

Zona pellucida layer

A

Prevents polyspermy

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48
Q

What are the receptors present in zona pellucida

A

Zp1 zp2 xp3 ( major )

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49
Q

What is acrosomal reaction

A

Attachment of sperm to zona pellucida

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50
Q

Meiosis 1 in female

A

Is hormone dependent

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51
Q

Meiosis 1 in female give rise to

A

Secondary oocyte and 1st polar body

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52
Q

Meiosis 2 gives

A

Ovum and 2nd polar body

53
Q

16 celled zygote

A

Morula

54
Q

Nutrition to early zygote

A

Secretory cells of fallopian tube in the form of pyruvate

55
Q

Is morula covered by zona pellucida

A

Yes

56
Q

Types of cell in fallopian tube

A

3 secretory cells
Columnar cells
Peg cells

57
Q

Movement of morula is with the help of

A

Peristalsis (major)

Ciliary movement

58
Q

At what day does the morula enter the uterine cavity after fertilisation

A

4 days after

59
Q

What is the day of fertilsation

A

Day of ovulation so calculate from this day onwards

60
Q

How long will ova be available for fertisation

A

12-24 hrs

61
Q

At what day is the zona pellucida lost after fertilisation

A

5th day

62
Q

What is the loss of zona pellucida reaction known as

A

Zona hatching

63
Q

How does morula become blastocyst

A

By entry of water

64
Q

What is implantation

A

Attachment of blastocyst deep into endometrium

65
Q

When the blastocyst is inserted deep into endometrium .is it normal

A

Interstitial implantation .

Yes

66
Q

Time of implantation

A

6-7days after fertilisation

67
Q

When is implantation process complete

A

10 days after fertilisation

68
Q

At the time of implantation thickness of endometrium

A

8mm

69
Q

Most common site of implantation

A

Upper part of post wall of uterus and not fundus

70
Q

Does the blastocyst have zona pellucida covering

A

No before blastocyst forms the morula undergoes zona hatching

71
Q

Types of implantation

A 
Superficial 
Deep ( interstitial ) most common
72
Q

Is implantation eccentric in location

A

Yes and reason for the sign piskakeks in early part of pregnancy

73
Q

What is piskakeks sign

A

Unequal growth of uterus which is normal

74
Q

Phase of implantation and molecule
Apposition
Adhesion
Invasion

A

Selectins
Integrin
Matrix metalloproteinase

75
Q

Because of implantation the endometrium now is called as

A

Decidua

76
Q

Separation of blastocyst from uterine cavity

A

D capsularis

77
Q

Separation of blastocyst from myometrium

A

D basalis

78
Q

Decidua capsularis and basalis formation is known as

A

Decidual reaction

79
Q

Decidua basalis is the site where future

A

Placenta will be formed

And it forms the maternal side of placenta

80
Q

The rest of the covering is via

A

Decidua parietalis

81
Q

What is decidua vera

A

Fusion of d capsularis and parietalis

82
Q

At what time does decidua vera formation occurs

A

At 14 - 16 weeks of iul and uterine cavity is integrated at this time

83
Q

Trophoblast is formed

A

8days after fertilisation

84
Q

Types of trophoblast

A

Cyto and synctitio

85
Q

Synctitiotrophoblast is

A

Hormone factory

86
Q

Does cytotrophobast prevent pih

What is this called as

A 
Yes 
Trophoblastic invasion ( cytotrophobast covering maternal vessels in intervillous space )
87
Q

Chorion frondosum is

A

near decidua basalis cytotrophobast form villi like structure
It forms fetal side of placenta

88
Q

Chorion leava

A

Cytrophoblast forms smooth layer apart from decidua basalis

Forms chorion

89
Q

Fetal side and maternal of placenta forms how much of total placenta respectively

A

4/5 and 1/5

90
Q

Fetal side and maternal side of placenta is formed respectively from

A

Chorion frondosum

D basalis

91
Q

Appearance of fractal side of placenta

A

Shiny
grey
membranes+
Cord+

92
Q

Appearance of maternal side of placenta

A 
Dark red
Polygonal areas ( lobes)
Divided into lobules / cotyledons
93
Q

Functional unit of placenta

A

Cotyledons

94
Q

Which is outside cyto/synctitio

A

Synctitio

95
Q

How do you classify placenta

Does intervillous space communicate towards the maternal side of the placenta

A

Primary villi
Secondary villi
Tertiary villi
Yes

96
Q

Time of formation of primary villI

What it is made up of

A

Day 13

Synctitio and cyto

97
Q

When villi has extraembryonic mesoderm called as

Time of formation

A

2sec villi

16day

98
Q

Fetal capillaries open

Time

A

Tertiary villi

21 day

99
Q

Where does maternal spiral a open

Where does fetal blood open

A

Intervillous space

Villi

100
Q

Placental membrane /plac barrier out to in

A

Synctitio
Cyto
Eem
Fetal capillary endothelium

101
Q

Tof of fetoplacental circulation

A

17-21

102
Q

Feto plac circul completed by

A

21 day

103
Q

Volum in intervillous space

Vol in villi

A

150ml

350ml

104
Q

At term placental volume

A

500ml

105
Q 
Uteroplacental circulation 
Ivs/villi
Spiral arterioles no 
O2 sat
Up blood flow at term
Uterine blood flow at term 
Established after
A 
Ivs
120
65-75
450-650ml/min
750ml/min
Day 12
106
Q 
Fetoplacental circulation 
Day 
Established by 
FP blood flow at term 
Fetal blood flow 
O2
A 
Bw 17-21
21
400ml/min
125ml/kg
8ml/kg/min
107
Q

O2sat in
UA
UV

A

50-60

70-80

108
Q 
REMANANT 
Uv
Ua
URACHUS
Lateral umbilical artery
A

Lt
Mul (Medial AMUL
Median
Inf EPI artery

109
Q

Placenta at term

Described as

A

Discoid
Deciduate ( shed off after delivery)
Hemochorial (lies in contact with maternal blood)

110
Q

Weight of placenta at term

A

500gm

111
Q

Ratio of placenta with fetus approx 3kg

When both are equal

A

1:6

17weeks

112
Q

Does placenta has hoffbauer cells as macrophage

A

Yes

113
Q

Peg cell
Hoffbauer cell
Langhan cell

A

Ft
Placenta
Cytotrophobast

114
Q

Fetal membranes

A

Amnion
Chorion
Yolk sac
Allantois

115
Q

Amnion derived from
Is amnion innermost
What does it do
Time of formation

A

Ectoderm
Yes
Max tensile strength
D10

116
Q

Chorion formed from

Tof

A

Cytotrophobast

By D8

117
Q

Mass wise
Fetal
Maternal

A

4/5

1/5

118
Q

Does area wise fetal and maternal side occupy same

A

Yes

119
Q

Is chorion formed before amnion

A

Yes

120
Q

Where is cord normally present

When it is present in the side

A

Centre

Lat insertion of cord / battlefield placenta

121
Q

Small part detached from main placenta but connected with blood vessels

A

Sucenturiate

122
Q

Equal part of placenta is connected by blood vessels

A

Pl bilobata

123
Q

Small part detached and not connected by blood vessels

A

Pl spuria

124
Q

Which causes PPH among placental anomalies

A

Pl succ
Pl bilobata
Pl spuria

125
Q

Fetal side aka

Maternal side aka

A

Chorionic plate

Basal plate

126
Q

If maternal side placenta covers the smaller fetal side but smooth

A

Circummarginte

127
Q

If maternal side covers the fetal side but valved

A

Circumvallate

128
Q

Extrachorial placenta

A

Circummarginte

Circumvallate

129
Q

Sry gene is known as

A

Testis determining region

Obg (6 decks)

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