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CRAAB 1 > Severson: Normal and Abnormal Cavity Development > Flashcards

Severson: Normal and Abnormal Cavity Development Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the intraembryonic coelom develop?

A

In the LATERAL MESODERM and the CARDIOGENIC MESODERM

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2
Q

Where are the intraembryonic and extraembryonic coleom continuous?

A

In the yolk sak

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3
Q

Where will hte pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities be found in the intraembryonic coleum?

A

In the somatic mesoderm derived from the lateral plate mesoderm

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4
Q

What part of the lateral plate mesoderm forms the parietal and visceral layers, respectively, of the serous cavities?

A

The parietal layer is formed from somatic mesoderm, while the visceral layer is formed from splanchnic mesoderm

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5
Q

What will give rise the the serous membranes covering the lungs, heart and abdominal organs and to connective tissue and smooth muscle of the GI and respiratory tract?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm from lateral plate mesoderm forms the visceral layer of the serous membrane coverings.

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6
Q

What becomes the embryonic body cavity and extends from the thoracic to pelvic regions?

A

Intraembryonic coelom in the lateral plate mesoderm

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7
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom give rise to?

A
  1. Pericardial cavity (cephalic curve/bend)
  2. Pleural cavity (two, connect pericardial and peritoneal cavities)
  3. Peritoneal cavity (limbs of the lateral mesoderm)
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8
Q

What forms the walls of the trunk?

A

Folding in the horizontal plane (LATERAL FOLDING)

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9
Q

What brings the cardiogenic region into the thorax?

A

Cephalic-caudal folding

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10
Q

What is ectopia cordis with cleft sternum?

A

When the heart forms outside the thoracic wall d/t failure in folding of the lateral body wall and it’s meeting with the cephalic fold

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11
Q

What is a congenital umbilical hernia?

A

Evisceration of the abdominal contents through a fissure in the anterior abdominal wall, usually either immediately above or below the umbilicus.

Involves wall FOLDING and MYOTOME MIGRATION.

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12
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

Evisceration of abdominal contents through the body wall, usually to the right (d/t regression of right umbilical vein) of the umbilicus; may involve body wall folding and myotome migration.

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13
Q

What happens in gastroschisis?

A

The bowel is in contact with amniotic fluid

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14
Q

Where is gastroschisis commonly seen?

A

Pregnant women who use cocaine

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15
Q

What is exstrophy of hte bladder?

A

A developmental defect of the body wall leading to urinary bladder opening onto the body wall; myotome migration may be involved.

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16
Q

What developmental malformation do ectopia cordis, congenital umbilical hernia, gastroschisis and exstrophy of the bladder have in common?

A

Developmental defects in the body wall due to failure in folding

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17
Q

How does the primitive pericardial cavity reach the cardiac region of the thorax?

A

Due to folding, the heart and pericardial cavity are carried ventrocaudal to the foregut

18
Q

What are the pericardioperitoneal canals?

A

Connect developing pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities on each side of the foregut.

19
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery suspend?

A

The foregut, midgut and hindgut are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the dorsal mesentery.

20
Q

What is the function of the dorsal mesentery?

A

Carry blood vessels and nerves to visceral organs.

21
Q

What is the purpose of the pleuropericardial membranes?

A
  1. Divide the thoracic cavity into a PERICARDIAL CAVITY and two PLEURAL CAVITIES by fusing with each other and the root of the lung.
  2. Contain the common cardinal veins and the PHRENIC NERVES.
  3. Form the FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
22
Q

Where are the pleuroperitoneal membranes located and what do they fuse with?

A

Located dorsolaterally in the embryo.

They extend ventrally to fuse with the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and the transverse septum separating the pleural cavities from peritoneal cavitiy.

23
Q

What is the purpose of the pleuroperitoneal membranes?

A

To close the pericardioperitoneal canal and separate the pleural cavities from the periotoneal cavity.

24
Q

What adult structure do the pleuropericardial membranes form? How does this happen?

A

The posterolateral parts of the diaphragm.

Myoblasts of the transverse septum migrate into the pleuroperitoneal membranes to form the diaphragm.

25
Q

What is the purpose of the pleuroperitoneal membranes?

A
  1. Form the POSTEROLATERAL region of the diaphragm (vertebrocostal/lumbocostal trigone)
  2. Form a large portion of the primitive diaphragm but a small portion of the infant and adult diaphragm.
26
Q

What does the transverse septum become?

A

The central tendon of the diaphragm and the ventral mesentery.

27
Q

What are the four developmental components that contribute to the diaphragm?

A
  1. Transverse septum
  2. Pleuroperitoneal membranes
  3. Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
  4. Lateral and dorsal body walls
28
Q

What part of the diaphragm do the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus become?

A

right crura of the diaphram

29
Q

What part of the diaphragm do the lateral and dorsal body walls become?

A

The costal portion of the diaphragm

30
Q

What cervical nerves innervate the major muscle mass of the diaphragm?

A

Cervical nerves 3, 4 and 5.

31
Q

What becomes the phrenic nerve?

A

Myoblasts from myotome region of cervical somites 3,4,5 migrate into mesenchyme of the transverse septum carrying with them cervical nerves 3,4,5 and become the phrenic nerve.

32
Q

What becomes motor branches of the phrenic nerve?

A

Myoblasts in the transverse septum that migrate into other components of the diaphragm.

33
Q

What do phrenic nerves pass through and where do they end?

A

Phrenic nerves pass through the PLEUROPERICARDIAL FOLD and come to lie on the FIBROUS PERICARDIUM.

34
Q

What nerves contribute to the sensory innervation of the diaphragm?

A

Sensory fibers of the PHRENIC NERVE supply all of the diaphragm, except the costal margin, which develops from the lateral body wall and receives sensory innervation from lower intercostal nerves.

35
Q

What fails to occur when a congenital diaphragmatic hernia develops?

A

Failure of PLEUROPERITONEAL FOLD to fuse with other diaphragmatic components; leading to a posterolateral defect in the diaphragm.

36
Q

Why may polyhydramnios be present with this malformation?

A

Excess amniotic fluid may be present because….?

37
Q

Wy does herniation of abdominal viscera usually occur on the left side?

A

Usually unilateral and on the left side because the left pericardioperitoneal canal is larger than the right and closes later; left lung hypoplastic, and heart and mediastinum is displaced to the right.

38
Q

Why do newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia usually die?

A

failure of lung to develop (hypoplastic lung)

39
Q

What happens to the thoracic viscera?

A

Herniation of abdominal contents (stomach, spleen, intestine) into the thoracic cavity often occurs causing pulmonary hypopolasia

40
Q

What is the difference between a congenital diaphragmatic hernia and eventration of diaphragm?

A

In a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the pleuroperitoneal membrane fails to fuse with the other components of the diaphragm, and the developing abdominal contents herniate into the pleural cavity of the thorax. Where as eventration of the diaphragm occurs because defective musculature and abdominal viscera balloon into the thoracic cavity due to failure of muscular tissue from the lateral body wall to extend into the pleuroperitoneal membrane of the affected side.

41
Q

Where do congenital esophageal hiatal and retrosternal hernias occur?

A

esophageal hiatal hernias- herniation of the stomatch through the esophageal hiatus

restrosternal hernia- gut herniation between sternum/ribs and the diaphragm

CRAAB 1 (11 decks)

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