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Earth Science > Severe Storms > Flashcards

Severe Storms Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 conditions needed for a storm?

A
  1. abundance of moisture
  2. mechanism of lift
  3. unstable air (rise only if there is warmer air around it)
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2
Q

what are 2 things that affect the growth of storms (growth limits of storms)

A

the rising air meets stable air above it

the rate of condensation

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3
Q

condensation ___ with height

A

decreases

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4
Q

involving the rate of condensation… there is not enough latent heat to keep cloud __ that surrounding air

A

warmer

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5
Q

Single cell thunderstorms last about ___ minutes

and are about ___ km in diameter

A

30 minutes

24 km in diameter

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6
Q

what is the thunderstorm capital of the world?

A

The U.S.

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7
Q

How are thunderstorms classified?

A

they are classified by the mechanism that causes the air to rise

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8
Q

What are the 2 different kinds of thunderstorms?

A

air mass

frontal

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9
Q

Air mass thunderstorms:
mechanism of lift=
reaches max at ____

A

uneven heating

mid-afternoon

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10
Q

there are 2 types of air mass thunderstorms, what are they? and why are they created?

A

mountain: orographic lifting

sea-breeze: extreme temperature

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11
Q

in a frontal thunderstorm, what is the mechanism of lift?

A

advancing cold front

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12
Q

in a frontal thunderstorm, the initial lift occurs___

A

off a steep leading edge of a front

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13
Q

thunderstorms that occur at night have to be ___ thunderstorms

A

frontal

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14
Q

what are the 3 stages of development in thunderstorms?

A
  1. Cumulus
  2. mature
  3. dissipation
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15
Q

in the cumulus stage, there is nearly a ___ ___ of air, the updraft ___ ___ into the upper clouds. Then it ___ and ___ ___. Precipitation begins

A

vertical rise
moves moisture
condenses
releases heat

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16
Q

what happens when precipitation falls in the mature stage of a storm?

A

the precipitation cools the air around it as it falls

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17
Q

In the mature stage of a storm, cooled air becomes denser and then ___ ___ and this causes ___.

A

sinks rapidly

downdrafts

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18
Q

In the mature stage, updrafts and downdrafts cause what?

A

convection cells

19
Q

In dissipation, ___ cool the earth

A

downdrafts

20
Q

In dissipation, the earth is cooled by ___, updrafts slow, then ___. This causes precipitation to ___.

A

downdrafts
stop
no longer form

21
Q

what is the most common type of storm?

A

Mulit-cell storm

22
Q

what are multi-cell storms?

A

clusters of single cell storms

23
Q

what cell storms are self sustaining?

A

super cells

24
Q

in super-cells, you are able to see movement inside the cloud which is…?

A

intense rotating of 240 km/h

25
Q

about how long do the duration of super-cell storms last?

A

1 hour

26
Q

super-cells are ___% of all storms

A

10%

27
Q

what can super-cell storms rise/trigger?

A

tornadoes

28
Q

what is the mechanism of lift involving super-cells?

A

a cold front with upper level low pressure

29
Q

when there is upper level low pressure, what is created?

A

high winds underneath the low pressure

30
Q

convection cells are able to continuously ___

A

regenerate

31
Q

super-cells are able to _____

A

lift a continuous supply of warm humid air

32
Q

what season does hail mostly occur? and how is it formed?

A

spring

formed when super cooled water freezes in ice pellet

33
Q

how does hail grow in size?

A

it rides the “convection belt”

it rides updrafts and downdrafts

34
Q

when hail is the largest, what does this mean for the updrafts?

A

more powerful the updrafts= larger hail

on the convection belt longer

35
Q

where are squall lines found?

A

found in warm areas of wave cyclone about 160 km ahead of cold front

36
Q

what do squall lines produce?

A

strong straight line winds, hail, sometimes tornadoes

37
Q

what was the main cause of damage in the SL storm of 1998? and what was it called?

A

straight line winds

Derecho event

38
Q

what was the twisting damage in the 1998 storm caused by?

A

gustanadoes

39
Q

what are down-burst winds?

A

concentrated straight line winds (wind does not disperse when it hits surface)

40
Q

when wind speed and direction change suddenly in the event of a tornado, what is this called?

A

wind shear

41
Q

what kind of cell thunderstorm form tornadoes?

A

super-cell

42
Q

On a radar, what indicates where a tornado can form?

A

hook echos

43
Q

what are the 3 things that the Enhanced Fujita scale depend on?

A

time on ground
path of destruction
wind speed

Earth Science (23 decks)

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