settlement studies l1

Question 1

what is a settlement

Answer 1

a settlement is where people live and carry out activities e.g. farming ,trading and manufacturing

Question 2

what is a site

Answer 2

describes the characteristics of the actual point of which a settlement is located

Question 3

what is a situation

Answer 3

describes the location of a place relative to its surroundings (neighbouring settlements,rivers,highlands )

Question 4

9 factors

Answer 4

water supply
avoidance of natural hazards
food supply
resources
fuel supply
relief
defence
building materials
accessibility

Question 5

water supply

Answer 5

water is essential bc its needed daily and heavy to carry from a distance
rivers were sufficiently clean to give safe and permanent supply
in region when rainfall is unlimited/unreliable ,people settled where groundwater was near to the surface ,enabling shallow wells. such sites are called water-seeking / wet-point sites.

Question 6

avoidance of natural hazards

Answer 6

where the likelihood of flooding was significant, settlements were usually built highest water mark
this is also to avoid diseases e.g. malaria associated with stagnant water
such settlements are known as dry-point or water-avoiding sites.

Question 7

building materials

Answer 7

materials were bulky and heavy to move
transport was poorly developed
it was impt to build settlements near to supply of stone,wood,clay

Question 8

food supply

Answer 8

ideal location was area suitable for both rearing of animals and growing of crops.
quantity,quality and range of farm produce often depended on climate,soil fertility and soil type

Question 9

relief

Answer 9

refers to the height and gradient of land
<100m, low ,>100m, high
slope can be referred to flat/gentle ,moderate or steep
flat, low-lying land is easier to build on compared to high steep ground but this consideration is often overruled for need of defence

Question 10

defence

Answer 10

many early settlements in britain were built on hilltops along recognised trade routes and commanding postitions
another classic defensive is to be surrounded by water on 3 sides, called a moat

Question 11

fuel supply

Answer 11

even tropical areas require fuel for cooking purposes and staying warm on cool nights
in most early settlements, firewood was the main source of fuel

Question 12

resources

Answer 12

settlements also grew in places with access to specific local resources e.g. salt, iron ore, coal
for example, mining towns would develop so it was easier for miners to go to work. these towns are usually well connected to ???

Question 13

accessibility

Answer 13

settlement frequently developed where natural route ways converged
these confluence settlements often developed where 2/3 rivers meet(confluence) and where valley routes converged

Question 14

2 types of settlements

Answer 14

rural and urban

Question 15

main features of settlement

Answer 15

population size and density’
main function
amenities
way of life

Question 16

population size and density

Answer 16

size- no. of peopl living in a place
density- number of people living in per unit area

Question 17

main function

Answer 17

the main activities people carried out e.g. manufacturing, fishing, farming
may be classified as primary, secondary / tertiary industries

Question 18

amenities

Answer 18

type and range of facilities avail in a settlement e.g. hospitals, schools, transport

Question 19

way of life

Answer 19

how people live e.g. peoples daily activities are centered around their livelihoods

Question 20

linear settlement

Answer 20

buildings are found on one/both sides of a linear feature
buildings may spring along the only road going through a village due to accessibilty (rural)
may also develop along major transport routes to increase exposure to potential customers passing thru (rural)
can be found along a river sometimes beaches
-transport
-source of fish
-water for domestic use

Question 21

nucleated settlement

Answer 21

buildings are found around an impt point
develops when there is accessibility to facilitate trade such as road junction and river confluence
people lived close together for defence agaisnt enemies and wild animals ,for easy provision of services such as piped water, electricity and for social interaction
limited land for expansion
dwellings are grouped around a scarce source

Question 22

dispersed settlement

Answer 22

buildings are spread out in an area
large individual farm can set up in area of extensive farming and population is rather small
dwellings may be dispersed as there is not threat in life

Question 23

rural s developing into urban s

Answer 23

changes in function
increase in population
increase in trade
development of new facilities
development of resources
advancement of technology

Question 24

what happens when population increases

Answer 24

disperse pattern may develop into linear pattern when road /railway line is built due to population increase
when 2 or modes of transport lines intersect, nucleated may deve
the needs for more goods and services arise and function may evolve from agriculture to industries

Question 25

settlement hierarchy

Answer 25

ascending
isolated buildings/farmsteads, hamlet ,village, small town, large town, city, conurbation city ,primate city capital

Question 26

conurbation

Answer 26

large concentration of ppl, usually 100 000>
predominantly urban region including adjacent towns, suburbs and large city at center
continuous built up area
e.g. is san francisco bay area is the combi of metropolitan areas of san fran, san jose ,oaklandand several minor urban centres with population of nearly 8 000 000